{"id":13425,"date":"2015-07-22T06:45:05","date_gmt":"2015-07-22T01:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=13425"},"modified":"2015-07-22T06:56:18","modified_gmt":"2015-07-22T01:56:18","slug":"22-iyul-az%c9%99rbaycan-milli-m%c9%99tbuatinin-140-illik-yubileyi-tamam-olur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=13425","title":{"rendered":"22 iyul-Az\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n 140 illik yubileyi tamam olur"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ekinci.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ekinci-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"ekinci\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13426\" srcset=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ekinci-300x215.jpg 300w, http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ekinci.jpg 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0259d\u0259bi proses t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapd\u0131. Kapitalist s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n iri s\u0259naye m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Elm sah\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131lan ard\u0131cl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259sini verirdi. \u018fsas\u0131 Axundov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qoyulan dramaturgiya bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 d\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi. Axundovdan sonra dram, faci\u0259, tarixi-faci\u0259, alleqorik m\u0259nzum dram, vodevil, ki\u00e7ik m\u0259zh\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ba\u015fqa janrlarda \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaran\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fn\u0259n\u0259 v\u0259 novatorluq dramatik n\u00f6v\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca istiqam\u0259tini t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi prosesd\u0259 n\u0259sr apar\u0131c\u0131 m\u00f6vqe tuturdu. Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun, \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qutqa\u015f\u0131nl\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 inki\u015faf tapan n\u0259sr \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri getdikc\u0259 yeni m\u0259nzum v\u0259 formada \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r.<br \/>\nC\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259nin \u201cDanaba\u015f k\u0259ndlinin \u0259hvalat\u0131\u201d, N\u0259riman N\u0259rimanovun \u201cBahad\u0131r v\u0259 Sona\u201d, Soltan M\u0259cid Q\u0259nizad\u0259nin \u201cM\u0259ktubati Seyid b\u0259y \u015eirvani\u201d, \u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Goran\u0131n\u0131n \u201cQara yel\u201d, Zeynalabdin Mara\u011fayinin \u201c\u0130brahim b\u0259yin s\u0259yah\u0259tnam\u0259si\u201d v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri yeni \u00fcslub v\u0259 ideya-m\u0259zmun axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259hr\u0259si idi.<br \/>\nC\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259ndlisinin d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u00fc\u0259llif \u201cDanaba\u015f k\u0259ndlinin \u0259hvalat\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na \u201cg\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f g\u0259tirdi. 70-90-c\u0131 ill\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259bi prosesind\u0259 h\u0259m xalq \u015feiri, h\u0259m d\u0259 klassik \u00fcslubda yaranan poeziya n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir.30-40-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 olan satira 70-90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nir.Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani, Mirz\u0259 \u0130smay\u0131l Qasir, F\u0259qir Ordubadi v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 xalq\u0131 elm\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<br \/>\nBu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 A\u015f\u0131q \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r, Molla Cuma, \u00c7oban \u018ffqan xalq poeziyas\u0131 \u00fcslubunda \u015feirl\u0259r yaz\u0131rlar. Pu\u015fkinin, Nekrasovun, Lermontovun, Kr\u0131lovun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 olunub Az\u0259rbaycan oxucusuna \u00e7atd\u0131rl\u0131r.D\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259bi-m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 idi.<br \/>\nH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259likova q\u0259d\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 milli m\u0259tbuat yox idi. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259likov (Z\u0259rdabi) 1837-ci il iyunun 28-d\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f G\u00f6y\u00e7ay q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n Z\u0259rdab k\u0259ndind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y ilk t\u0259hsilini mollaxanada alm\u0131\u015f, sonra \u015eamax\u0131 q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 oxumu\u015f, orta t\u0259hsilini is\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 tamamlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.1861-ci ild\u0259 Moskva Universitetin\u0259 daxil olan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi d\u00f6rd il sonra h\u0259min universitetin t\u0259biyy\u0259t-riyaziyyat fak\u00fclt\u0259sini bitirmi\u015fdir.Ali t\u0259hsil oca\u011f\u0131nda oxudu\u011fu m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi olaraq se\u00e7ildiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 fak\u00fclt\u0259ni \u0259la qiym\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u015fa vurduqdan sonra elmi i\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn universitetd\u0259 saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin v\u0259t\u0259nin\u0259, do\u011fma Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131na olan sonsuz m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259ti, xalq\u0131na, mill\u0259tin\u0259 xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k arzusu bu g\u0259nc, perspektivli m\u00fc\u0259llimi Az\u0259rbaycana \u00e7\u0259kib g\u0259tirdi. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t Tiflisd\u0259 qulluq ed\u0259nd\u0259n sonra Qubada m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n Z\u0259rdabi daha sonra Bak\u0131ya g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k burada rusca orta m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259rs dem\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<br \/>\nG\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131nda v\u0259 i\u015find\u0259 xalqla s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Z\u0259rdabi asud\u0259 vaxtlar\u0131n\u0131 xalq aras\u0131nda ke\u00e7irir, u\u015faqlar\u0131 v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259ri elm\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259, maarif\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirirdi. Onun apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 Bak\u0131 gimnaziyas\u0131nda oxuyan t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 az bir zamanda xeyli \u00e7oxalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<br \/>\nO zaman Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri kimi Bak\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tli inki\u015faf\u0131 milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 z\u0259rur\u0259tini do\u011furdu. Do\u011fma ana dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtiyac oldu\u011funu d\u0259rk ed\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi q\u0259zet \u00e7ap etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdi. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir \u0130stanbuldan h\u00fcrufat g\u0259tirtdi v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, xeyli z\u0259hm\u0259td\u0259n, \u0259zab-\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n sonra 1875-ci ilin 22 iyulunda Bak\u0131da qubernatorun m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 &#8220;\u018fkin\u00e7i&#8221; q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q oldu. Bu m\u0259tbu orqanla milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu.1877-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 29-a q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti ayda iki d\u0259f\u0259 300-400 tirajla n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu.Q\u0259zetin 1875-ci ild\u0259 12, 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 24, 1877-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 20 n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti be\u015f \u0259sas \u015f\u00f6b\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u201cDaxiliyy\u0259\u201d,\u201cM\u0259ktubat\u201d, \u201c\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d,\u201cElmi x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d, \u201cTaz\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d.Q\u0259zetin \u0259sas \u015f\u00f6b\u0259si olan \u201c\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259kin, maldarl\u0131q, ba\u011f, bostan, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na aid k\u00fctl\u0259vi elmi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259rc olunurdu.<br \/>\n\u201cM\u0259ktubat\u201d \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259rc olunurdu.Bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 feodal-patriarxal ad\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259nqid edil\u0259r\u0259k Rusiyadak\u0131 elmin yeni ixtiralar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs olunurdu.<br \/>\nBu \u015f\u00f6b\u0259d\u0259 ged\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259sas m\u00fc\u0259llifi \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl Q\u0259vaid idi.<br \/>\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dd\u0259 N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov v\u0259 \u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Goraninin Moskvadan, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 \u018flizad\u0259 \u015eirvaninin \u015eamax\u0131dan, Heyd\u0259rinin D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259n g\u00f6nd\u0259rdikl\u0259ri m\u0259ktublar, Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin \u015feirl\u0259ri v\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259rc olunurdu.<br \/>\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin c\u0259sar\u0259tli v\u0259 \u015fi\u0131ql\u0131 fikirl\u0259ri \u00e7ar h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259t dair\u0259l\u0259rini, yerli m\u00fchafiz\u0259karlar\u0131 qorxuya sal\u0131rd\u0131.Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 q\u0259zetin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 mane olma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar.Q\u0259zetin ba\u011flanmas\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ox \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcnk\u00fcl\u0259r \u0259sas rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar.Q\u0259zet ba\u011fland\u0131qdan sonra S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259nin redaktorlu\u011fu il\u0259 \u201cZiya\u201d q\u0259zeti n\u0259\u015fr olundu.1883-c\u00fc ild\u0259 C\u0259lil \u00dcnsizad\u0259 \u201cK\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl\u201d q\u0259zetini n\u0259\u015fr etdirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r.Bu q\u0259zetin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyata daha \u00e7ox yer verilirdi.D\u00fcnya \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7ap olunurdu.Bu d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259bi-m\u0259d\u0259ni tarixin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salsaq g\u00f6r\u0259rik ki, qabaqc\u0131l ziyal\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnal \u00e7ap etdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7ar h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259ti icaz\u0259 vermirdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0259d\u0259bi proses t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapd\u0131. Kapitalist s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n iri s\u0259naye m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Elm sah\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131lan ard\u0131cl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259sini verirdi. \u018fsas\u0131 Axundov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qoyulan dramaturgiya bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 d\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi. Axundovdan sonra dram, faci\u0259, tarixi-faci\u0259, alleqorik m\u0259nzum dram, vodevil, ki\u00e7ik m\u0259zh\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ba\u015fqa janrlarda \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaran\u0131rd\u0131. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13425"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13427,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13425\/revisions\/13427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}