PS\u0130XOLOJ\u0130 N\u018fSR V\u018f FOLKLOR
\n (\u0130.\u018ff\u0259ndiyevin hekay\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda)<\/p>\n
M.\u0130manov \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan n\u0259srind\u0259 psixologizm\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rinin \u201cPsixoloji n\u0259sr v\u0259 folklor\u201d adl\u0131 f\u0259slind\u0259 yaz\u0131r: \u201cHe\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, folklorda q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n hiss \u2013 h\u0259y\u0259can v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rinin ifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259nas\u0131nda psixologizm var. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 bu psixologizm inc\u0259 duy\u011fular \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 k\u00f6kl\u0259nmi\u015f lirik janrlarla m\u0259hdudla\u015fmay\u0131b, epik janrlar\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 edir.(2.86)
\n \u0130.\u018ff\u0259ndiyevin \u201cApard\u0131 sell\u0259r Saran\u0131\u201d, \u201cQar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u201cV\u0259zir Allahverdi xan v\u0259 B\u0259hlul Dan\u0259nd\u0259, \u201cYusif v\u0259 Esfir\u201d, \u201c\u0130sa \u2013 Musa\u201d. \u201cAbidin yuxusu\u201d v\u0259 s. hekay\u0259l\u0259ri folklor m\u0259nb\u0259yi, xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 qaynaqlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n K.Yunq mifoloji t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259rin iki tipini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Birincisi, ibtidai xalq t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rini mif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si il\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k, ikincisi, xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, folklorda ya\u015fayan mifik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259, obraz, model v\u0259 strukturdur, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 bundan real hadis\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259svirind\u0259 b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259nir.
\n \u0130.\u018ff\u0259ndiyev hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 mifoloji s\u00fcjet v\u0259 m\u0259tnl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00fcz tutur. Bu m\u0259nada \u201cQar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131\u201d(1944) hekay\u0259si Yunqun t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259rind\u0259n birinci tipi kimi diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. Hekay\u0259d\u0259 Ball\u0131 qar\u0131 G\u00fcneyl\u0259rd\u0259 sa\u011f qalm\u0131\u015f qocalardand\u0131r. Bu obraz\u0131 mifologiyadak\u0131 Ulu Ana (\u0130lahi Ana) kompleksi v\u0259 onun variantlar\u0131ndan olan mifoloji Qar\u0131 n\u0259n\u0259 obraz\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015firm\u0259k olar. Burada bir m\u0259qama n\u0259z\u0259r salmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, mifik t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrd\u0259 qar\u0131 obraz\u0131 ikili funksiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Himay\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259 h\u0259yat ver\u0259n olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, qar\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 can alan kimi t\u0259svir olunur. \u201cQar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131\u201d hekay\u0259sind\u0259 birinci m\u0259qamla rastla\u015fsaq da ikinci m\u0259qam \u00f6n\u0259mlidir.
\n Ball\u0131 qar\u0131 fal a\u00e7\u0131r v\u0259 bu falda \u201cminl\u0259rl\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bli ruh\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcr. V\u0259 el\u0259 bu minl\u0259rl\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bli ruh da qar\u0131n\u0131 intiqama s\u00f6vq edir. Qar\u0131 \u201ch\u0259myerlil\u0259rinin b\u00fct\u00fcn … nifr\u0259tini s\u00fckutla qar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131b\u201d d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u00f6vlad\u0131na can verir. Can verir ki, bir can da art\u0131q als\u0131n, analar\u0131n qisas\u0131n\u0131 yerd\u0259 qoymas\u0131n. \u201cQar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131\u201d da bel\u0259 yaran\u0131b \u0259fsan\u0259y\u0259, \u201cana haqq\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u0259z bir hekay\u0259t\u201d\u0259)(3 .4) \u00e7evrilir. Hekay\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas obraz\u0131n Ball\u0131 qar\u0131n\u0131n fikri v\u0259 psixoloji prosesl\u0259r t\u0259svir olunmur, onun psixi h\u0259y\u0259canlar\u0131n\u0131n son n\u0259tic\u0259si (\u201c\u015eahzad\u0259 qalan \u015fir\u0259ni son damlas\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r i\u00e7ib, kasan\u0131 qar\u0131ya qaytard\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman fal\u00e7\u0131 rahat n\u0259f\u0259s ald\u0131.\u201d)(4.44) v\u0259 yekun fikirl\u0259ri (-Qar\u0131, – dedi, – he\u00e7 olmasa, o\u011fluma bir \u00e7ar\u0259 el\u0259. Ax\u0131, s\u0259n onu \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u0259n qurtarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131n, ax\u0131, s\u0259n deyirdin, m\u0259n anayam.\u201d
\n – B\u0259li, qibleyi \u2013 al\u0259m! \u2013 dey\u0259 Ball\u0131 qar\u0131 ah \u00e7\u0259kdi. \u2013 M\u0259n anayam!..\u201d)(4.45) verilir.
\n \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131n tez \u2013tez m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdiyi q\u0259dim \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r, mifl\u0259r mexaniki t\u0259krar edilmir, xeyli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yenid\u0259n m\u0259naland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu haqda \u00c7.Aytmatov \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cA\u011f g\u0259mi\u201d povestinin m\u00fczakir\u0259sind\u0259 bel\u0259 deyir: \u201cM\u0259n … bel\u0259 bir bax\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259y\u0259m ki, \u0259g\u0259r q\u0259dim \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r bizim g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 aktiv y\u00f6n\u0259lm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131nda deyils\u0259, onlar\u0131n k\u00f6lg\u0259sini narahat etm\u0259k laz\u0131m deyil.\u201d(6)
\n Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q el\u0259 bir m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b prosesdir ki, qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyulan probleml\u0259rin h\u0259lli zaman\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 realist \u00fcsulun imkanlar\u0131 il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259k yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131ya kifay\u0259t etmir. \u201cB\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n n\u0259 is\u0259 birba\u015fa \u015f\u0259rh\u0259 uymur, obyektiv, yaxud subyektiv s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n adi \u00fcsullarla \u201cd\u0259rk olunma\u011fa\u201d m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 bu zaman da m\u00fc\u0259llif qrotesk\u0259, yaxud ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259rti vasit\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259li olur.\u201d(7.99)
\n \u201cApard\u0131 Sell\u0259r Saran\u0131\u201d, \u201cQ\u0259hr\u0259man il\u0259 b\u00fclb\u00fcl\u00fcn na\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u201d hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif Az\u0259rbaycan folklorunda m\u00f6vcud olan \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015fdir. Bu hekay\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259hlil ed\u0259n A.Abdulla do\u011fru olaraq qeyd edir ki, \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n qaynaqlanan \u0259hvalatlar n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r romantik olsa da \u0259sas hadis\u0259 real h\u0259yat h\u0259qiq\u0259tidir. \u201cEl\u0259 bu n\u00f6qt\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 \u0130lyas \u018ff\u0259ndiyev romantizmi realizm il\u0259 qaynay\u0131b \u2013 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rin tez \u2013 tez i\u015fl\u0259tdikl\u0259ri \u201cqanadl\u0131 realizm\u201d termini yada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.\u201d(1.45)
\n A.Abdulla bu \u00fcslubun m\u00fc\u0259llifin dig\u0259r hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 ayd\u0131n sezildiyini qeyd edir.
\n \u0130.\u018ff\u0259ndiyev \u201cYusif v\u0259 Esfir\u201d (1991) hekay\u0259sind\u0259 fantasmoqoriyaya \u00fcz tutur, qeyri adi d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yer verir. Hekay\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 cavanla\u015fmas\u0131, sonra ay\u0131ya \u00e7evrilm\u0259si onun m\u0259n\u0259vi \u2013 psixoloji al\u0259minin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan faydalanan bel\u0259 fantastik \u00e7evrilm\u0259l\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan n\u0259srind\u0259 El\u00e7inin \u201cD\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259\u201d, \u201cQatar. Pikasso. Latur,1968\u201d, \u201cQ\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ay\u0131 balas\u0131\u201d hekay\u0259l\u0259ri, Anar\u0131n \u201c\u018flaq\u0259\u201d povestind\u0259 var idi.
\n \u201cQar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131\u201d hekay\u0259sind\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq m\u00fc\u0259llif burada daha \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259rh edir, personajlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131r. Jestl\u0259r, mimika, psixoloji prosesl\u0259riin n\u0259tic\u0259sinin t\u0259qdimi b\u00f6y\u00fck yer tutur. T\u0259hkiy\u0259\u00e7i \u2013 m\u00fc\u0259llif q\u0259lbin dialektikas\u0131ndan, hissl\u0259rin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7ox personajlar\u0131n daxili nitqini na\u011f\u0131l edir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cFikirl\u0259\u015fdi ki, ill\u0259r ke\u00e7ib gedir… On doqquz ya\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259y\u0259m. M\u0259n arzu el\u0259diyim o\u011flanlar\u0131n he\u00e7 biri m\u0259niml\u0259 maraqlanmad\u0131… Maraqlananda da, ancaq m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn… Yusif\u0259 gets\u0259m, he\u00e7 olmasa, \u00f6z ev \u2013 e\u015fiyim olar. B\u0259lk\u0259 Allah g\u00f6z\u0259l bir \u00f6vlad da verdi…\u201d(5.46)
\n Q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n daxili nitqi onun m\u0259n\u0259vi al\u0259mini oxucuya a\u00e7\u0131r. Esfir yaln\u0131z ail\u0259 qurmaq, \u00f6vlad sahibi olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Yusif\u0259 \u0259r\u0259 gedir, onu sevdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yox. \u201cLakin ill\u0259r ke\u00e7irdi… N\u0259 o\u011flan g\u0259lirdi\u2026 N\u0259 q\u0131z…(5.47)
\n M\u00fc\u0259llif folklora xas arxaik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzini t\u0259qdim edir. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n na\u011f\u0131l maneralar\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k onun k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 detal t\u0259siri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan t\u0259svir \u00fcsulundan istifad\u0259 edir. Yusif 40 il h\u0259r g\u00fcn Allaha dua edir v\u0259 ondan 3 arzu ist\u0259yir. Burada is\u0259 reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 mif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259qdim ed\u0259r\u0259k fantasmaqoriyaya ke\u00e7ir. Q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n \u00e7evrilm\u0259si ba\u015f\u0131ayir. \u0130nsan hissl\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck qiym\u0259t ver\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llifin bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259rti \u2013 metoforik \u00fcsluba \u00fcz tutmas\u0131 \u0259b\u0259s deyildi. Esfirin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259yat arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259yatdan qat \u2013qat uzaq idi v\u0259 bel\u0259 bir \u00e7evrilm\u0259 an\u0131nda \u00f6m\u00fcr – boyu x\u0259yal\u0131nda \u00e7anland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259yata qovu\u015fmaq ist\u0259yi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcbut edirdi. Bel\u0259 bir \u00e7evrilm\u0259 \u00fcsulu il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif hissl\u0259rin \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na nail olur. V\u0259 bu \u00fcsul m\u00fc\u0259llif ideyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f yeni variant\u0131 kimi diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. Ay\u0131 obraz\u0131nda art\u0131q ba\u015fqala\u015fan, daha \u201cm\u0259zlum\u201d, daha sakit g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n Esfir el\u0259 bil ki, \u00f6z s\u0259hvini d\u0259rk edir. Art\u0131q obraz\u0131n psixoloji v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. \u201cO ay\u0131, Yusifin ba\u011f\u00e7as\u0131ndan k\u0259nar he\u00e7 yer\u0259 getmirdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0259y\u0259t qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n qaba\u011f\u0131nda oturub, g\u00f6zl\u0259rini zill\u0259yirdi ev\u0259. Sanki Yusifin he\u00e7 bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini g\u00f6zd\u0259n qoymaq ist\u0259mirdi. Yusif hirsl\u0259nib ona q\u0131\u015fq\u0131rd\u0131:
\n – Niy\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b me\u015f\u0259d\u0259ki qohumlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na getmirs\u0259n?
\n Ay\u0131 is\u0259, susaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fc el\u0259c\u0259 bax\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 onun ay\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259rinin d\u0259rinind\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k bilm\u0259y\u0259n bir k\u0259d\u0259r var idi.\u201d(5.49)
\n Hekay\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259qletm\u0259, t\u0259sviretm\u0259 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llif t\u0259hlill\u0259ri d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. 18 ya\u015fl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259l q\u0131z\u0131n v\u0259fas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z sahibini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259si ziddiyy\u0259tind\u0259 yekunla\u015faraq \u00e7evrilm\u0259nin m\u0259zmun v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dini s\u00fcbut edir, m\u0259n\u0259vi \u00e7evrilm\u0259ni g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u0259hz ikil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda ba\u015f verir, daxili konflikt d\u0259 burada tamamlan\u0131r. Esfir \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259k \u201c\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259\u201d qay\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7evrilir.
\n1.\t Abdulla A.,Ox\u015fars\u0131z s\u0259n\u0259t, Ulduz, 1975
\n2.\t\u0130manov M., Az\u0259rbaycan n\u0259srind\u0259 psixologizm (60-70-ci ill\u0259r), Bak\u0131, Elm, 1991
\n3.\tM\u0259mm\u0259dli \u0130., Ham\u0131n\u0131 xo\u015fb\u0259xt g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259tkar, Respublika, 31 may, 1994, N43 (138)
\n4.\t\u018ff\u0259ndiyev \u0130., Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri, 3 cildd\u0259, I c., Bak\u0131, Avrasiya Press, 2005
\n5.\t\u018ff\u0259ndiyev \u0130.,S\u0259n ey b\u00f6y\u00fck yaradan, Bak\u0131, \u015e\u0259rq \u2013 Q\u0259rb, 1997.
\n6.\t\u0410\u0439\u0442\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0427., \u041e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u00ab\u0411\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u00bb, \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430, 1970, 29 \u0438\u044e\u043b
\n7.\tH\u00fcseynov \u00c7ingiz, H\u0259yat ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 b\u0259dii konflikt, Az\u0259rbaycan, 1982, N6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
PS\u0130XOLOJ\u0130 N\u018fSR V\u018f FOLKLOR (\u0130.\u018ff\u0259ndiyevin hekay\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda) M.\u0130manov \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan n\u0259srind\u0259 psixologizm\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rinin \u201cPsixoloji n\u0259sr v\u0259 folklor\u201d adl\u0131 f\u0259slind\u0259 yaz\u0131r: \u201cHe\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, folklorda q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n hiss \u2013 h\u0259y\u0259can v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rinin ifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259nas\u0131nda psixologizm var. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 bu psixologizm inc\u0259 duy\u011fular \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 k\u00f6kl\u0259nmi\u015f lirik janrlarla m\u0259hdudla\u015fmay\u0131b, epik janrlar\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 edir.(2.86) \u0130.\u018ff\u0259ndiyevin \u201cApard\u0131 sell\u0259r Saran\u0131\u201d, \u201cQar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1922"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1925,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1922\/revisions\/1925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}