{"id":21849,"date":"2016-08-22T10:00:22","date_gmt":"2016-08-22T06:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=21849"},"modified":"2016-08-22T11:24:42","modified_gmt":"2016-08-22T07:24:42","slug":"m-necati-gunes-egitimci-arastirmaci-anadolunun-turk-vatani-olmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=21849","title":{"rendered":"M. Necati G\u00dcNE\u015e\/ E\u011fitimci – Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131.”ANADOLU\u2019NUN T\u00dcRK VATANI OLMASI”"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Anadolu\u2019ya \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde; \u0130skitler, Hunlar, Sabir (Sabar) T\u00fcrkleri, Abbasilerin hizmetindeki T\u00fcrkler ak\u0131nlar yapt\u0131lar (8. yy). Ancak bu ak\u0131nlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri yerle\u015fme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yordu. Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015ferek buray\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 haline getirenler O\u011fuzlar olmu\u015ftur.
\nAnadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fme s\u00fcreci bir anda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir olgu olmay\u0131p, uzun bir tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 anda Anadolu\u2019ya gelmemi\u015f, g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Anadolu\u2019yu T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirecek ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ise Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00fcrkler Neden Anadolu’ya Y\u00f6neldi?
\n1040 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n Dandanakan Sava\u015f\u0131 ile Gaznelileri yenilgiye u\u011fratarak devlet kurmay\u0131 ba\u015farmas\u0131, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren g\u00fcvenli bir yurt bulma aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sonuydu. O\u011fuz boylar\u0131 ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmeyen dalgalar halinde Horasan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklara akmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Fakat bu durum k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra sorunlara yol a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131. O\u011fuzlar\u0131n gelece\u011finden kendini sorumlu sayan Tu\u011frul Bey, bu k\u00fctleye yeni bir hedef g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fini anlamakta gecikmedi.
\n1018 tarihinde \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya ilk seferini d\u00fczenlerken Anadolu\u2019nun siyasi ve demografik yap\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131. 6. ve 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Sasani-Bizans, ard\u0131ndan Arap-Bizans m\u00fccadeleleri Anadolu i\u00e7in tam bir y\u0131k\u0131m olmu\u015f, bir\u00e7ok kent ve kasaba harabe durumuna d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bizans\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimi de eklenince Anadolu\u2019nun bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesi \u0131ss\u0131zla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yerli halk\u0131n n\u00fcfusu olduk\u00e7a azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey, 1018’de Do\u011fu Anadolu’ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferde Bizans g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin topu topu be\u015f-alt\u0131 bin ki\u015filik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir orduyu bile, durdurmaktan aciz oldu\u011funun bizzat ve fiilen ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve Anadolu’nun, ilerisi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk yurdu olmaya haz\u0131r m\u00fckemmel ve kolay bir hedef oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.
\nTu\u011frul Bey; \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda emrindeki \u015fehzade, emir ve T\u00fcrkmen beylerini Bat\u0131\u2019ya yani Anadolu\u2019ya ak\u0131n yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirdi.
\nT\u00fcrkmenlerin Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmesinin temel nedeni siyasi de\u011fildi. \u00d6ncelikleri; s\u00fcr\u00fclerine yeni otlaklar bulabilmek, geleneksel ya\u015fama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalabilecekleri bir yer bulabilmekti. Sel\u00e7uklu sultan\u0131 ve beylerinin Anadolu\u2019ya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sefer ve ak\u0131nlar\u0131n temel hedefi ise gaz\u00e2 ve ke\u015fif yapmakt\u0131.
\nO\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin Anadolu\u2019ya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ak\u0131nlar B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti kurulup Rey \u015fehri ba\u015fkent yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tu\u011frul Bey, Anadolu\u2019nun fethi i\u00e7in \u0130brahim Y\u0131nal ile Kutalm\u0131\u015f Bey\u2019i g\u00f6revlendirdi.
\nSel\u00e7uklular ile Bizans\u2019\u0131n ilk ciddi kap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1048 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Pasinler ovas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Pasinler Sava\u015f\u0131 oldu. Sel\u00e7uklular, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin deste\u011fiyle olu\u015fan Bizans ordusunu, Pasinler\u2019de a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131lar (1048). Yap\u0131lan antla\u015fma gere\u011fince Bizansl\u0131lar, kendi \u00fclkelerindeki camilerde Abbasi halifesi ve Tu\u011frul Bey ad\u0131na hutbe okutmay\u0131 kabul ettiler.
\nSonraki ak\u0131nlarda Bizans\u2019\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131rma ve Bizans’\u0131n savunma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rma siyaseti izlendi. Alparslan zaman\u0131nda Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun bir\u00e7ok yeri, T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n istilas\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesi, Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Malazgirt Zaferi\u2019nden sonra T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkler art\u0131k ge\u00e7ici olarak de\u011fil, s\u00fcrekli kalmak i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019ya ak\u0131nlar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nSel\u00e7uklu ve O\u011fuz beyleri, Alp Arslan\u2018\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan ilerleyerek, sistemli bir \u015fekilde Anadolu\u2018nun fethine koyuldular. S\u0131n\u0131rlarda toplanm\u0131\u015f olan O\u011fuz boylar\u0131 ise, Malazgirt zaferiyle \u00f6nlerine bir \u00fclkenin a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu anlamakta gecikmediler; sel halinde akarak, b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu\u2018ya yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. Anadolu\u2019ya ilk yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrkmen topluluklar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015f k\u00fctlelerden olu\u015fmaktaysa da, \u00f6zellikle Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131yla kentlerde ya\u015fayan sanatk\u00e2rlar, bilim adamlar\u0131 ve t\u00fcccarlar da Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece, Sel\u00e7uklu kuvvetleri ve O\u011fuz boylar\u0131, aileleri ve s\u00fcr\u00fcleriyle birlikte her yerde ilerleyip Anadolu\u2019nun etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkler lehine de\u011fi\u015ftirirken, Bizans’\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcrekli olarak gerilemekteydi.
\nAnadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fme S\u00fcrecini Kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran Etkenler
\nHa\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri sonucunda Anadolu’nun i\u00e7 kesimlerine \u00e7ekilen T\u00fcrkler, bir arada ya\u015fayabilmenin daha sa\u011flam bi\u00e7imlerini aray\u0131p bulmaya y\u00f6neldi. Bu arada 1176’daki Miryakefalon Zaferi, Bizans’\u0131n T\u00fcrkleri Anadolu\u2019dan kovma umuduna kesin olarak son verdi. Zamanla Sel\u00e7uklular ba\u015fkentleri Konya merkez olmak \u00fczere bir devlet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini tamamlad\u0131lar.
\nAnadolu\u2019nun yerel halk\u0131 Bizans\u2019a; a\u011f\u0131r vergiler, y\u00f6netimin keyfi tutumlar\u0131, iktidar m\u00fccadelelerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karga\u015fa ortam\u0131, yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Kilise\u2019nin bask\u0131s\u0131 gibi nedenlerle yabanc\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Anadolu\u2019nun bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kasabas\u0131n\u0131n halk\u0131 Bizans\u2019\u0131n ve Kilise\u2019nin bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in kendi r\u0131zalar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdi. B\u00f6ylece Bizans\u2019a s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nen yerel halk T\u00fcrklere kucak a\u00e7arak Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nEtnik yap\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6ylesine h\u0131zl\u0131ca de\u011fi\u015fmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli unsur hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz Bizans\u2019\u0131n Malazgirt\u2019te u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenilgidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Malazgirt zaferi ile Bizans\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm direni\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 duracak bir ordu kalmay\u0131nca, Anadolu\u2019da h\u0131zl\u0131 bir yay\u0131lma ve yerle\u015fme d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAnadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini ve \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir etken de kolonizat\u00f6r dervi\u015fler ve alpler yani manevi mimarlard\u0131r. Ba\u015fta Hoca Ahmet Yesevi ve Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015fi Veli olmak \u00fczere hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeden g\u00f6rev yapan bu insanlar, beylerin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 yolu bilim ve g\u00f6n\u00fcl ile sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 dinlere inananlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stererek, muhta\u00e7 insanlara yard\u0131m eli uzatarak, s\u00fcrekli adaleti \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleyerek birlik ve beraberli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nB\u00f6ylece XI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ba\u015flayan ve XII. ve XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 ile Anadolu\u2019nun etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 tamamen T\u00fcrkler lehine bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve sonunda Anadolu b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda T\u00fcrkle\u015ferek bir T\u00fcrk yurdu haline gelmi\u015ftir. Anadolu\u2019nun etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131, Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015firken ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAnadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kan\u0131t\u0131, birka\u00e7 istisna hari\u00e7 tutulursa kurulan her yeni k\u00f6y ve kasaban\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir ad ta\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 ve yeni yap\u0131lan yap\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden izler ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131yd\u0131. Nitekim \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda I. Friedrich\u2019in Alman ordusunun Anadolu\u2019dan ge\u00e7erken her yan\u0131yla T\u00fcrk g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri bu b\u00f6lgeyi T\u00fcrkiye (Turchia) olarak adland\u0131rmas\u0131 da Hristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan art\u0131k Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrk yurdu olarak kabul edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir.
\nAnadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrk Vatan\u0131 Haline Gelmesi ve T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi
\nAlparslan\u2019\u0131n 1072’de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve o\u011flu Melik\u015fah’\u0131n devletin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesiyle Anadolu\u2019da ki T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131, fetih politikas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Zaferden sonra; T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Dani\u015fmentliler, Saltukular, Meng\u00fccekler Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131, S\u00f6kmenliler, Y\u0131nalo\u011fullar\u0131, \u00c7ubuko\u011flullar\u0131 ve Artuklular adlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk devletleri kurulmu\u015f ve bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 haline gelmesi yolunda tarihi bir rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.
\nMelik\u015fah devrinden itibaren ba\u015flayan sistemli fetih hareketi ile birlikte, Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkmenleri isk\u00e2n “yerle\u015ftirme\u2019\u2019 politikas\u0131, Anadolu\u2019da da uygulanmaya konmu\u015ftu. E\u011fer fetih b\u00f6lgeleri ger\u00e7ekten vatana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmek isteniyorsa; o b\u00f6lgeye isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131 uygulanmak zorundad\u0131r, yoksa sadece b\u00f6lge ele ge\u00e7mi\u015f olur. Yani bir \u00fclkeyi al\u0131p y\u00f6netmekle, o \u00fclke vatan olmaz. Vatan haline gelebilmesi i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6nce kendi n\u00fcfusunuzu, dilinizi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc, g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeniz gerekir.
\nAnadolu\u2019ya isk\u00e2n edilen g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrkmen kitle hem yabanc\u0131 sahalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f hem de askeri bir kuvvet olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Mo\u011follar\u0131n istilas\u0131 sonras\u0131 isk\u00e2nlar daha \u00e7ok u\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Miri sistemle birlikte, Anadolu\u2019ya isk\u00e2n edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kuvvetli a\u015firetler par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131larak birbirinden uzak sahalar yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve olas\u0131 devlete ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 ve isyanlar bu \u015fekilde engellenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fka gerek g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde gayri m\u00fcslim ahali tehcir ediliyor, kendi arzular\u0131 ile g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek isteyenlere de b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flan\u0131yordu.
\nAnadolu her d\u00f6nem istila ve ya\u011fma faaliyetlerine u\u011fraya gelmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkler geldiklerinde Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131 harap olmu\u015f adeta iflas etmi\u015fti. Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 haline getirme yolunda \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda giderilmesi gerekiyordu. \u0130\u015fte isk\u00e2n ve imar siyasetiyle harap olan co\u011frafya k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede imar ediliyor, azalan \u00fcretim ve ticaret canlan\u0131yordu. G\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k da ekonomiye yeni bir boyut kazand\u0131r\u0131yordu.
\nAnadolu\u2019ya gelen T\u00fcrkmenler bir yandan \u015fehirlere yerle\u015firken b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de k\u00f6yler kurarak kendilerine yurtlar edinmi\u015flerdir. Bu arada da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. \u0130sk\u00e2n sahalar\u0131 se\u00e7ilirken son derece dikkat ediliyor ve ona g\u00f6re isk\u00e2n ediliyordu. Bo\u015f ve terk edilmi\u015f arazilerin isk\u00e2n\u0131yla b\u00f6lgeye canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu ve buralar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi \u00e7ok daha kolay oluyordu. Kurulan k\u00f6ylere T\u00fcrk\u00e7e isimler veriliyordu. Bu g\u00fcn Anadolu\u2019da pek \u00e7ok k\u00f6y ve yer ad\u0131n\u0131n O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131 ile ilgili oldu\u011fu veya Orta Asya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nBu konuda co\u011frafya ve tabiat isimleri i\u00e7in; Ak-tepe, Boz-tepe, K\u0131z\u0131l-tepe, Ye\u015fil-k\u00f6y, Ak\u00e7a-k\u00f6y, Suluca-k\u00f6y, Tepe-k\u00f6y, Kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131-k\u00f6y, Sar\u0131ca-k\u00f6y, Kara-ba\u011f; Fetih ve Anadolu\u2019nun imar\u0131nda eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en beylerin ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yerler i\u00e7in; Af\u015fin, Alt\u0131nta\u015f, Arslan- Apa, Kara- Arslan, Demirta\u015f, Alaiye, Artova, Sand\u0131kl\u0131, Pa\u015fa-Eli, Koca-Eli, Konur-Alp, Kara-M\u00fcrsel, Umur Bey, Gazi Emir, Karaman, Dursun Bey, Karaca Bey, Orhan-Eli, Osman- Eli\u2026 Manevi b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yerler i\u00e7in; Seyit-Gazi, Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f, Emir Sultan, Ahi- Mesud (Etimesgut), Ahi-Boz, Ahi- Evran, \u015eeyh Edebali, Karaca Ahmed adlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.
\nYeni kurulan k\u00f6yler, ticaret yollar\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck Pazar olan \u015fehirlerin etraf\u0131na kurulmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece hem ekonomileri k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f hem de savunma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat istila ve karga\u015fa d\u00f6nemlerinde k\u00f6yler b\u00fcy\u00fck tahribata u\u011framaktan ka\u00e7amam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAnadolu\u2019ya yurt bulmak ve vatan yapmak i\u00e7in gelen T\u00fcrkler, yanlar\u0131nda bol miktarda hububat ile say\u0131s\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ve y\u00fck hayvanlar\u0131yla birlikte gelmi\u015flerdir. Bunlardan ba\u015fka kavun, karpuz, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, pamuk, pirin\u00e7, m\u0131s\u0131r gibi zirai mahsuller T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu ziraat\u0131na ilavedir. Ayr\u0131ca ipek b\u00f6ce\u011fi yeti\u015ftirme ve ipek\u00e7ilik, T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya getirdikleri bir yeniliktir. B\u00f6ylece k\u00f6y ve k\u0131r hayat\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olan ziraat ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k fetihten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra canlanm\u0131\u015f oldu.
\nAnadolu\u2019da kurulan ya da isk\u00e2nla T\u00fcrkle\u015fen k\u00f6yler gibi \u015fehirler de ayn\u0131 yolla kurulmu\u015ftur. Yap\u0131lan istila ve ak\u0131nlarla birlikte bo\u015falan ve tahribata u\u011frayan \u015fehirlere, T\u00fcrkmen n\u00fcfus yerle\u015fti. H\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamir ve imar edilen \u015fehirde T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi sa\u011flad\u0131.
\nSonu\u00e7ta olarak, gerek k\u00f6yler gerekse de \u015fehirler yoluyla T\u00fcrkmen n\u00fcfus Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015firken, ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleriyle birlikte H\u0131ristiyan halk\u0131 etkilemi\u015fler, bu halklar\u0131 asimile etmeksizin k\u00fclt\u00fcr al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde b\u00f6lgenin tam manas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7en T\u00fcrkmenlerin isk\u00e2n\u0131nda uygulanan, isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131n\u0131n da \u015f\u00fcphesiz T\u00fcrkle\u015fmedeki rol\u00fc \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve etkili olmu\u015ftur. Bu isk\u00e2nlar, Anadolu\u2019nun etnik, ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fmeler neden olmu\u015ftur. \u0130mar edilen siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kurumlar ki; camiler, mescitler, saraylar, k\u0131\u015flalar, tersaneler, medreseler, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, hamamlar, su kemerler, hanlar, \u00e7e\u015fmeler, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, hastaneler, \u015fifahaneler, imaretler, a\u015fevleri gibi faydal\u0131 tesislerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, tar\u0131m ve ziraat faaliyetleriyle de T\u00fcrkle\u015fmenin ba\u015fka bir ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceden Anatolia denen bu co\u011frafya, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerine kar\u015f\u0131, vatan duygusuyla savunulan Anadolu, seferler devam ederken, H\u0131ristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan, Turchia ve Turkmenia olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAnadolu\u2019nun \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131
\n1071 Malazgirt zaferi sonras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da H\u0131ristiyan dini yap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda az da olsa G\u00fcney Do\u011fuda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus bulunuyordu. T\u00fcrkmenlerin Anadolu\u2019ya geli\u015fiyle birlikte \u0130slamiyet tam manas\u0131yla Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131na girmi\u015f oldu. \u0130slam diniyle yeni tan\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkmenlerin, yeni dinleriyle zay\u0131f ve gev\u015fek ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan, Irak ve Suriye\u2019den gelmi\u015f birtak\u0131m tasavvuf ehlileri olan mutasavv\u0131flar, Horasan ve Mavera\u00fcnnehir T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131ndan yeti\u015fmi\u015f bir\u00e7ok dervi\u015fler hatta Orta Asya\u2019dan gelen, Ahmed Yesevi tarikat\u0131 mensuplar\u0131 yoluyla kuvvetlendiriyorlard\u0131.
\n\u0130slam \u00e2lemindeki tasavvuf cereyan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekil ve bi\u00e7imlerde Anadolu\u2019ya girmi\u015f, devlet ve beylikler eliyle kuvvetlenmi\u015flerdi. Bu tasavvufi ak\u0131mlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 tekkelerdir. Buralar kimsesizlerin bar\u0131nma, yeme i\u00e7me ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fccretsiz kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, yolcular\u0131n \u00fccretsiz konaklayabildi\u011fi, medresenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde e\u011fitim faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrkmenlere e\u011fitim verdi\u011fi, insanlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130slamiyet\u2019le ilgi yeni eserlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc katk\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ziraat ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla b\u00f6lgenin canlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, dini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131 olan yap\u0131lard\u0131r.
\nMaddi ve manevi tesirleri t\u00fcm Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131na ve hatta balkanlara kadar ula\u015fan bu tasavvufi z\u00fcmre gerek halk gerekse de bir\u00e7ok devlet b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, ileri gelenlerinin ve hatta sultanlar\u0131n bu tarikat \u00f6nderleri olan \u015feyhlere m\u00fcrid olmas\u0131, \u015feyhlere \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir manevi n\u00fcfus kazand\u0131r\u0131yordu.
\nXIII. as\u0131rda Anadolu\u2019da tarikatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan mutasavv\u0131flar aras\u0131nda, \u0130slam felsefesinin, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve insan sevgisi y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulayan, \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131 a\u015farak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi, hem \u00fclke i\u00e7inde hem de milletler aras\u0131nda sevilen ve sayg\u0131 duyulan Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi, ayr\u0131ca Anadolu\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfusa sahip olan Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015fi Veli gibi bir\u00e7ok tasavvuf ehli vard\u0131.
\nAnadolu\u2019da yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz tasavvufi z\u00fcmrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc itibariyle esnaf te\u015fkilat\u0131 olan, fakat gerek ekonomik, gerekse de ahlaki olarak, bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere \u00e7ok faydalar\u0131 olan ahilik de \u0130slamla\u015fmaya b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ahi Evran, \u015eeyh Edebal\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc ahilerdendir.
\nAhiler Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan T\u00fcrkmenlerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 her yerde, \u015fehir, kasaba ve k\u00f6ylerde bulunmaktad\u0131rlar. Bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin ticari hayat\u0131 ile do\u011frudan ba\u011flar\u0131 vard\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 tarikatlar gibi kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc tekkeleri vard\u0131. Bu tekkeler k\u00fclt\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131 gibiydi, hem de o \u015fehre ve k\u00f6ye d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelmi\u015f misafir ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda, gen\u00e7 \u00fcyelerinin e\u011fitimlerini de \u00fcstlenmi\u015f bir e\u011fitim merkezidirler. Ahi tekkelerinde i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u00e7\u0131rak konumundaki gen\u00e7lerden, \u00e7evrenin dini b\u00fcy\u00fcklerine varana kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitle olurdu.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, fetih ve isk\u00e2nlarda yeni yerle\u015fme birimleri olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tekke ve zaviyeler, \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, dini vas\u0131fl\u0131 sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Medreselerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurdu\u011fu apa\u00e7\u0131k ortadad\u0131r.
\n\u00d6teden beri T\u00fcrklerde var olan “alp\u201dl\u0131k, hem isim olarak hem de s\u0131fat olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kahramanl\u0131k, cesaret gibi anlamlar i\u00e7ermektedir. \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sosyal ve siyasi hayatta sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi. Askeri te\u015fkilata, yi\u011fitli\u011fe, ceng\u00e2verlik ve kahramanl\u0131\u011fa b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fer vermi\u015flerdi ve bu i\u015fi \u00fcstlenen Alpler toplum i\u00e7inde sayg\u0131 duyulan ki\u015filer haline gelmi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrklerin \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul\u00fc sonras\u0131nda Alplik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, \u0130slamiyet\u2019te ki gazilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve alp-gazi \u015feklinde kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130slamiyet\u2019in felsefi boyutuyla birlikte, tasavvufi ak\u0131mlar etkili olmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca alp-eren \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki bunlar, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 dervi\u015fler \u015feklinde tezah\u00fcr etmi\u015flerdir.
\nSonu\u00e7
\nVatan, bir milletin hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n, birikimlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, nesilden nesile ge\u00e7en mill\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, mill\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcre ev sahipli\u011fi yapan mek\u00e2nd\u0131r. Vatan, tarih boyu bedel \u00f6denerek, fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar yap\u0131larak, \u015fehitler verilerek, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn maddi ve manevi boyutunun co\u011frafyaya damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu\u011fu kutsal bir mek\u00e2nd\u0131r.
\nAlparslan\u2019\u0131n Malazgirt zaferiyle ba\u015flayan Anadolu\u2019nun vatan haline gelmesi sadece silahla olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkmen n\u00fcfusun ve tarikat ehilleri, \u015feyhler, deri\u015fler, alp-erenler, abdalar, bac\u0131lar, ahiler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zel z\u00fcmrelerin, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik faaliyet ve \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucunda bu b\u00fcy\u00fck cihad sahas\u0131 vatana haline gelmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkler, Anadolu\u2019ya geldiklerinde \u00fcretim, ticaret ve sosyal hayat \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7indeydi. Harap olan Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131na adeta ya\u011fmur gibi ya\u011fm\u0131\u015flar ve topra\u011f\u0131 suya kavu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme ve \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma asla bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddetle olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, kendilerinin c\u00f6mertli\u011fini, merhametini ve yard\u0131m severli\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkler yerli halk taraf\u0131ndan bu samimiyetleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalmam\u0131\u015f, sevilmi\u015fler ve sayg\u0131 duyulmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli olan Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 haline gelmesi ve Anadolu\u2019nun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olu\u015fu, bat\u0131y\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak bu co\u011frafyaya sevk etmi\u015f, \u00f6nce Bizans kendi eliyle daha sonra ise t\u00fcm ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan, ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleriyle, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkleri, Anadolu\u2019dan atma projesini ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulayamamas\u0131n\u0131n ana sebebi, T\u00fcrklerin ger\u00e7ekten Anadolu\u2019yu vatan g\u00f6rmeleri ve bu u\u011furda \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u0130slam dininin savunuculu\u011funu \u00fcstlenmeleridir.
\nKaynaklar:
\n1. Hala\u00e7o\u011flu, Yusuf, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Derin K\u00f6kleri Osmanl\u0131 Kimli\u011fi Ve A\u015firetler, Bab\u0131ali K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2010
\n2. Kafal\u0131, Mustafa, Anadolu\u2019nun Fethi Ve T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkez Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 1997.
\n3. \u015eeker, Mehmet, Fetihlerle Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi Ve \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Halk Kitaplar\u0131 78, Ankara 1991.
\n4.Sakall\u0131,\u0130smail, Anadolu’nun Fethi, T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi ve \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131, www.akademiktarih.com\/tarih-anabilim-dal\/2098-genel-ttarihi-aramalar\/28863-anadolunun-feth-tuerklemes-ve-slamlamasi.html
\n5. Sipahio\u011flu, Sava\u015f Y\u00fccel, Anadolu Nas\u0131l T\u00fcrkle\u015fti?, http:\/\/www.serenti.org\/tag\/anadolunun-turklesmesi\/
\n6. Turan, Osman, Sel\u00e7uklular Ve \u0130slamiyet, \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay., \u0130stanbul 1999.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anadolu\u2019ya \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde; \u0130skitler, Hunlar, Sabir (Sabar) T\u00fcrkleri, Abbasilerin hizmetindeki T\u00fcrkler ak\u0131nlar yapt\u0131lar (8. yy). Ancak bu ak\u0131nlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri yerle\u015fme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yordu. Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015ferek buray\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 haline getirenler O\u011fuzlar olmu\u015ftur. Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fme s\u00fcreci bir anda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir olgu olmay\u0131p, uzun bir tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 anda Anadolu\u2019ya gelmemi\u015f, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkiy-dbiyyati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21849"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21852,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21849\/revisions\/21852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}