{"id":26449,"date":"2018-01-31T09:00:56","date_gmt":"2018-01-31T05:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=26449"},"modified":"2018-01-31T09:42:23","modified_gmt":"2018-01-31T05:42:23","slug":"m%c9%99lah%c9%99t-babayeva-h-cavidin-dunyagorusunun-formalasmasinda-turk-%c9%99d%c9%99bi-muhitinin-rolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=26449","title":{"rendered":"M\u0259lah\u0259t BABAYEVA.”H.Cavidin d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitinin rolu”"},"content":{"rendered":"

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fil.\u00fc.f.dr. M\u0259lah\u0259t Ramizq\u0131z\u0131 (Babayeva)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus d\u0259sti x\u0259tti il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259tkarlardan biri d\u0259 H\u00fcseyn Caviddir. H. Cavid XX y\u00fczil Az\u0259rbaycan romantizminin banil\u0259rind\u0259n olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 ortaq t\u00fcrk dilinin m\u00fcbariz t\u0259bli\u011fat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndand\u0131r.
\nH. Cavidin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q yolu b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n milli oyan\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rki, m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 v\u0259 despotizm\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 k\u0259skin etiraz\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. Bel\u0259 ki, 1905-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n inqilab \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 geni\u015f v\u00fcs\u0259t tapm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 xalqlar\u0131n azadl\u0131q m\u00fcbariz\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. N\u0259hay\u0259t ki, 1918-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 \u00f6z arzusuna qovu\u015fmu\u015f, m\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan Demokratik C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tini yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin Rus v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 kimi n\u0259h\u0259ng imperiyalar\u0131n t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u00fc, d\u00fcnyada ged\u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b ictimai-siyasi prosesl\u0259r uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t davam ed\u0259n milli m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, qanl\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015f, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 yeni yaranm\u0131\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan Demokratik C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti 1920-ci ild\u0259 s\u00fcquta u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, Az\u0259rbaycan gah da\u015fnaksyutun partiyas\u0131n\u0131n, gah Sentrokaspi diktaturas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t Sovet imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\nH. Cavid elm\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259v\u0259s g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyind\u0259n dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 maarifl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259, ortaq t\u00fcrk tarixi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin t\u0259dqiqin\u0259 h\u0259sr etmi\u015fdir. O, ilk t\u0259hsilini do\u011fma \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259-M.Sidqinin yeni tipli \u00abM\u0259kt\u0259bi-t\u0259rbiy\u0259sind\u0259\u00bb alm\u0131\u015f, t\u0259hsilini davam etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 1902-ci ild\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n olan T\u0259briz\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f, burada m\u0259\u015fhur \u00abTalibiyy\u0259\u00bb m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259sind\u0259 tarix, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, \u015e\u0259rq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin inc\u0259likl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdir. \u015eair 1906-ci ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f, burada \u0130stanbul Universitetinin \u018fd\u0259biyyat fak\u00fclt\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st dinl\u0259yici kimi i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir. Cavid o d\u00f6vrd\u0259n \u0130stanbul \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchiti il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r qurmu\u015f, Tofiq Fikr\u0259tl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015f, Rza Tofiqd\u0259n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat d\u0259rsl\u0259ri alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nCavidin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259hsil almas\u0131 cavid\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n da diqq\u0259tini c\u0259lb etmi\u015f, t\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitinin onun ideya-f\u0259ls\u0259fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131na t\u0259sirini d\u00fczg\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Cavid\u015f\u00fcnaslar bunun m\u0259hz ne\u00e7\u0259nci ill\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf etm\u0259sini d\u0259 d\u0259qiq ara\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fc m\u0259tbuatda v\u0259 monoqrafiyalarda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yaz\u0131lar qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r: \u00abCavid, 1903-c\u00fc ilin iyul ay\u0131nda, ali savad almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130standula gedir. H\u0259min ild\u0259 Batumdan M\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li Sidqiy\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir m\u0259ktubda da Cavidin 1903-c\u00fc ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 oldu\u011funu \u00f6yr\u0259nirik. M\u0259ktubda deyilir ki, \u00abSidqinin \u015fagirdl\u0259rind\u0259n H\u00fcseyn Rasizad\u0259 d\u0259 bu saat \u0130stanbulda t\u0259hsili elmd\u0259dir\u00bb lakin \u0130stanbulda Cavid x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ndiyind\u0259n t\u0259hsilini davam etdir\u0259 bilmir. 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 o, Nax\u00e7\u0131vana qay\u0131d\u0131r, burada qal\u0131b sa\u011fald\u0131qdan sonra Bak\u0131ya g\u0259lir…\u00bb. (6;27)
\nQulam M\u0259mm\u0259dli is\u0259 Cavidin 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u201c\u015e\u0259rqi Rus\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap atdirdiyi m\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n \u0259dibin may ay\u0131nad\u0259k Urmiyada sonra is\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131vanda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd etmi\u015fdir. (5)
\n\u00abM\u0259nim hesablad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 H\u00fcseyn Cavid Nax\u00e7\u0131vandan 1906-c\u0131 il aprelin 10-da \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f, sabah\u0131s\u0131 Tiflis\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f, burada \u201cAxundov\u201d mehmanxanas\u0131nda qal\u0131b, aprelin 12-d\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259n Batuma yola d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb; Batumda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn qal\u0131b, xarici pasport al\u0131b, aprelin 19-da \u00abPaqi\u00bb adl\u0131 frans\u0131z g\u0259misi il\u0259 \u0130stanbula getmi\u015fdir\u00bb. Aprelin 24-d\u0259 \u0130stanbula \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. (7; 35-36)
\nH. Cavidin Qurban\u0259li \u015e\u0259rifova g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktublar \u018fziz \u015e\u0259rifin bu hesablamalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu bir daha s\u00fcbut edir.
\nH.Cavidin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Sultan II \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259midin otuz ild\u0259n art\u0131q s\u00fcr\u0259n istibdad rejimi-\u00abz\u00fclm d\u00f6vr\u00fc\u00bb h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n\u00abZ\u00fclm\u00bb rejimi \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi-siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259r vursada m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ala bilm\u0259di, II \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259midin despotik rejimini konstitusiyal\u0131 qurulu\u015fla \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n \u00abG\u0259nc t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u00bb h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 ba\u015fland\u0131. 1889-cu ild\u0259 \u201cG\u0259nc t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u201d \u201c\u0130ttihad v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi\u201d adlanan inqilabi siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu. XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 imperiyan\u0131n ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 olan \u00fcsyanlar T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 inqilabi \u015f\u0259raitin yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. 1908-ci ild\u0259 G\u0259nc t\u00fcrkl\u0259r inqilab\u0131 sultan II \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259midi konstitusiyan\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur etdi. 1908-ci ilin aprelind\u0259n is\u0259 II \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259mid taxtdan sal\u0131naraq qarda\u015f\u0131 V Mehmed R\u0259\u015fad sultan elan edildi. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 on il \u0259rzind\u0259 (1908-1918) hakimiyy\u0259t g\u0259nc t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u201c\u0130ttihad v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi\u201d partiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 oldu.
\n\u201cOsmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131nda 1839-cu ild\u0259n XIX \u0259srin 70-ci ill\u0259rinin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f, R\u0259\u015fid pa\u015fan\u0131n t\u0259rtib etdiyi \u201cG\u00fclxan\u0259 x\u0259tt-i \u015f\u0259rifinin\u201d elan olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u015flanan (1839, 3 noyabr) v\u0259 \u018fli pa\u015fan\u0131n t\u0259rtib etdiyi \u201cX\u0259tt-i h\u00fcmayun\u201d (1856, 18 fevral) \u0259sas\u0131nda davam etdiril\u0259n islahatlar d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 tarixind\u0259 \u201cT\u0259nzimat d\u00f6vr\u00fc deyilir\u201d. (1;251)
\nT\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 da m\u0259hz bu ictimai-siyasi h\u0259rakat\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259si kimi meydana g\u0259lmi\u015f \u0259d\u0259bi c\u0259r\u0259yand\u0131r. \u018fslind\u0259 T\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na yenilikl\u0259r, y\u0259ni Avropala\u015fma \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 da dem\u0259k olar. T\u0259nzimat d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 insan \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin\u0259, real h\u0259yata meyl g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar yeti\u015fdi. Q\u0259rb, x\u00fcsus\u0259n, frans\u0131z \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na maraq artd\u0131, yeni janrlar-dram, novella, roman v\u0259 s. yarand\u0131. \u0130brahim \u015einasi, Namiq Kamal, \u015e\u0259ms\u0259ddin Sami, \u018fhm\u0259d Midh\u0259t t\u0259nzimat d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f simalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fbd\u00fclhaq Hamid Tarhan, R\u0259caizad\u0259 \u018fkr\u0259m, Rza Tofiq v\u0259 b. \u015ferl\u0259rind\u0259 insan\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi g\u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rini t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Romantik k\u0259d\u0259r duy\u011fular\u0131 Tofiq Fikr\u0259tin ilk d\u00f6vr \u015ferl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259vidir; XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 onun \u015ferl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q motivl\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259ndi.
\nXalid Ziya U\u015faql\u0131gil, Mehmet Rauf, H\u00fcseyn Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n v\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d Hikm\u0259t sosial movzulu romanlar yazm\u0131\u015flar. Bu m\u00fchitd\u0259 Q\u0259rb\u00e7i v\u0259 yenilik\u00e7i \u015fair v\u0259 \u0259dibl\u0259r \u00f6z s\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259rini c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. S\u0259n\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7ox fikir v\u0259 ideal arxas\u0131nca gedib z\u00fclm\u0259, haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131lar. V\u0259t\u0259n, mill\u0259t, azadl\u0131q, \u0259dal\u0259t, h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259yacanla m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Daha geni\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259 bilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dild\u0259 sad\u0259lik u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131lar.T\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n ilk n\u0259sli olan \u015einasi, Ziya Pa\u015fa, Namiq Kamal kimi \u015fair v\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar \u201cT\u00fcrk n\u0259 dem\u0259kdir dey\u0259?\u201d siyasi T\u0259nzimat d\u00f6vr\u00fcyl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 olunmayacaq q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015f bir ziyal\u0131lar ordusu yeti\u015fdirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miy\u0259tli f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti is\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilinin inki\u015fafina g\u00f6st\u0259rdikl\u0259ri s\u0259yl\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u015einasinin (1826-1871) n\u0259\u015fr etdirdiyi \u201cT\u0259sviri \u018ffkar\u201d q\u0259zeti \u0259traf\u0131nda oyatd\u0131\u011f\u0131 populist dil h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 v\u0259 onun ard\u0131nca g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rin g\u0259tirdiyi yeni \u0259d\u0259biyyat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu i\u015fd\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Eyni zamanda T\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n qurucusu say\u0131lan \u015einasi \u015feird\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi formalar i\u00e7ind\u0259 yeni anlay\u0131\u015flar istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Namiq Kamal is\u0259 daim b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks-s\u0259dalar t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n gur s\u0259sli \u015fairi v\u0259 iddia adam\u0131 olaraq s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259ndirilmi\u015fdir. Ziya Pa\u015fa divan \u015feiri \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sini davam etdirm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, siyasi v\u0259 ictimai d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r, xalq dilinin yazi dili olmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259n fikirl\u0259riyl\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m dostlar\u0131na qat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu ilk n\u0259slin \u00fcmumi s\u0259n\u0259t f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si \u201cc\u0259miyy\u0259t, v\u0259t\u0259n, azadl\u0131q v\u0259 xalq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259n\u0259t\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. T\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n birincil\u0259r q\u0259d\u0259r \u00fcsyankar olmayan ikinci n\u0259sli siyasi m\u00fchitin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bliyi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq \u201cC\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259n\u0259t\u201d f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sini \u201cS\u0259n\u0259t s\u0259n\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d prinsipini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259li olmu\u015flar. T\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n bu iki n\u0259sli aras\u0131nda Namiq Kamal, \u015einasi, \u018fbd\u00fclhaq Hamit kimi g\u00fccl\u00fc n\u0259sil yeti\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda yenilikl\u0259 k\u00f6hn\u0259lik m\u00fcbariz\u0259 hal\u0131nda olmu\u015fdur. Buna baxmayaraq yeni n\u0259slin fikirl\u0259ri q\u0131sa zamanda geni\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259y\u0259 yay\u0131la bilmi\u015fdi.
\n\u015einasi (1826-1871) 1860-c\u0131ild\u0259 \u201c\u018fhval\u201d t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 q\u0259zetini n\u0259\u015fr etdir\u0259r\u0259k yeni \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u00f6nd\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n olmu\u015fdu. \u00c7ap olunan ilk dram \u0259s\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifi olan s\u0259n\u0259tkar eyni zamanda t\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda haqq, \u0259dal\u0259t, b\u0259rab\u0259rlik, azadl\u0131q anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n ilk \u0259dibidir. Namiq Kamal, Ziya Pa\u015fa (1825-1880) \u015feirl\u0259ri m\u0259zmun v\u0259 forma bax\u0131mdan divan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funluq t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u018fn m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259s\u0259ri \u201cX\u0259rabat\u201d adl\u0131 \u015feir divan\u0131dir.
\nQ\u0259rb roman v\u0259 hekay\u0259 texnikas\u0131na t\u00fcrk xalq hekay\u0259l\u0259rini uzla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u018fhm\u0259d Mithat \u018ff\u0259ndi (1844-1912) \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 xalqa s\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259yi, onlar\u0131 maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259yi qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na m\u0259qs\u0259d qoymu\u015fdu. Q\u0131rxdan \u00e7ox roman, dram, hekay\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifi olan \u018fhm\u0259d Midh\u0259tin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri bunlardir: H\u0259s\u0259n Mellah, H\u00fcseyn Fellah, Yeni\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259r v\u0259 s.
\n\u018fbd\u00fclhaq Hamit Tarhan (1892-1937) t\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda \u201c\u015fairi \u0259z\u0259m\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u0259n\u0259tkar k\u00f6hn\u0259liy\u0259, geriliy\u0259 meydan oxuyan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. \u201cS\u0259n\u0259t s\u0259n\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d fikrind\u0259 olan Hamit t\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda romantizmin banil\u0259rind\u0259ndir. T\u00fcrk \u015ferin\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t t\u0259sviri, f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259zmun g\u0259tirmi\u015f, s\u0259rb\u0259st \u015ferin ilk n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rini yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130.\u015einasi v\u0259 N.Kamal\u0131n maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirmi\u015fdir. \u201cT\u0259zadlar \u015fairi\u201d olaran Hamitin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda v\u0259t\u0259n m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tinin v\u0259 azadl\u0131q ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur. Tarix v\u0259 m\u00fcasir m\u00f6vzularda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAzadl\u0131q\u201d (1872), \u201cHind q\u0131z\u0131\u201d (1875), \u201cN\u0259st\u0259r\u0259n\u201d (1878), \u201c\u018f\u015fb\u0259r\u201d (1880), \u201cFinten\u201d (1915-16) v\u0259 s.
\nAvropa ruhunu g\u0259tirm\u0259kl\u0259 ba\u015flanan t\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 1896-1901-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti F\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d jurnal\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015f\u0259n yeni n\u0259sill\u0259 istibdad rejimin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ikinci bir h\u00fccum etmi\u015fdir. Dig\u0259r ad\u0131 \u201c\u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131 c\u0259did\u0259\u201d olan \u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti F\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d II \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259mid d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d jurnal\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda toplanan s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar\u0131n q\u0259rb t\u0259siril\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirdikl\u0259ri \u0259d\u0259biyyatd\u0131r. \u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d \u0259slind\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d L\u00fctfkarl\u0131q t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259sis edil\u0259n bir f\u0259nn m\u0259cmu\u0259sinin ad\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.
\n1891-1944-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130stanbulda \u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti-f\u00fcnun\u201d, y\u0259ni \u201cF\u0259nl\u0259r s\u0259rv\u0259t\u201di adl\u0131 elmi-k\u00fctl\u0259vi v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi-ictimai t\u00fcrk jurnal\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu jurnal 1896-1901-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259-ba\u015f redaktoru Tofiq Fikr\u0259t olark\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u018fbdulhamid c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin eyb\u0259c\u0259rlikl\u0259rini a\u00e7\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n, \u00f6z s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat, h\u00fcquq, iqtisadiyyat, tarix m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 dair m\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 resenziyalar yer vermi\u015f, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259d\u0259bi-ictimai h\u0259yat\u0131nda, yeni t\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131nda m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi rol oyam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nT\u0259nzimat \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n ilk zamanlarda Ziya Pa\u015fa, Namiq Kamal ba\u015fda olamaqla \u00fczr\u0259 bu ax\u0131n\u0131n liderliyini ed\u0259n \u0259d\u0259biyyat \u201cS\u0259n\u0259t s\u0259n\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d qanununa ba\u011fl\u0131 idil\u0259r. Onlar \u201ch\u0259r \u015fey \u015feirin m\u00f6vzusu ola bil\u0259r\u201d fikrini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, lakin d\u00f6vr\u00fcn siyasi t\u0259zyiql\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 e\u015fq, t\u0259bi\u0259t, ail\u0259-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t kimi m\u00f6vzular\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259li olmu\u015flar. Bundan ba\u015fqa \u201cs\u0259rv\u0259ti f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00e7ular\u201d \u015feird\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 m\u00f6vzu b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259min etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u201cS\u0259n\u0259tkaran\u0259 \u00fcslub\u201d v\u0259 yeni bir s\u00f6zyarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131yla olduqca m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir dil istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu d\u00f6vr s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu \u0259dibl\u0259r daha \u00e7ox ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u00fchiti izah etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Onlar\u0131n yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cS\u0259n\u0259t s\u0259n\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d prinsipi hakim oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r geni\u015f xalq k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 deyil, \u0259sas\u0259n ziyal\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259y\u0259 \u00fcnvanlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n\u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti F\u00fcnun\u201d d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lard\u0131r:
\nT\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda \u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti f\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 ya \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131 c\u0259did\u0259\u201d adlanan c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n banisi olan Tofiq Fikr\u0259t (1867-1915) 1888-ci ild\u0259 Qalatasaray litseyini bitirmi\u015f, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t xarici i\u015fl\u0259r nazirliyind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f, 1894-1915-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 t\u00fcrk dili v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan d\u0259rs demi\u015fdir. \u0130lk \u015ferl\u0259rini v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n ictimai roluna dair m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rini redaktoru oldu\u011fu \u201cS\u0259rv\u0259ti f\u00fcnun\u201d jurnal\u0131nda d\u0259rc etdirmi\u015fdir. Tofiq Tofiq Fikr\u0259t t\u00fcrk \u015ferin\u0259 m\u0259nzum v\u0259 formaca yenilikl\u0259r g\u0259tirmi\u015f, ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u201cs\u0259n\u0259t h\u0259yat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d prinsipini h\u0259m \u0259m\u0259ld\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq etmi\u015fdir. \u0130nqilabi ruhlu \u015ferl\u0259rind\u0259 z\u00fclm, istibdad v\u0259 dini fanatizmi q\u0259tiyy\u0259tl\u0259 qam\u00e7\u0131lam\u0131\u015f, humanizm v\u0259 azadl\u0131q ideyalar\u0131n\u0131, xalqlar dostlu\u011funu t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm etmi\u015fdir. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri qada\u011fan edilm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi g\u0259ncl\u0259r v\u0259 h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0259ld\u0259n-\u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k \u0259zb\u0259rl\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Hakim dair\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259qib olunsa da, inqilabi ideyalara v\u0259 xalqa sadiq qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nTofiq Fikr\u0259tin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nln ikinci d\u00f6vr\u00fc 1901-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 \u015fair bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq \u201cc\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259n\u0259t\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k ictimai m\u00f6vzulara y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Tofiq Fikr\u0259tin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck amal\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcasir h\u0259yat\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259k idi. \u015eairin fikrinc\u0259 bunu Q\u0259rbin texnologiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259kl\u0259 nail olmaq olard\u0131. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnyada \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli varl\u0131q insand\u0131r. \u015eair onlar\u0131n azadl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 haqqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Lakin \u015fairin fikrinc\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rin qaynaqlanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b dinl\u0259rdir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 o, dinl\u0259r\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259yi kimi baxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259 \u015fair bunu g\u0259nclikd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 o, u\u015faqlara b\u00f6y\u00fck sevgi v\u0259 s\u0259mimiyy\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ilk d\u0259f\u0259 u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015ferl\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycanda r\u0259\u011fb\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015f, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Hadi, H\u00fcseyn Cavid, Abbas S\u0259hh\u0259t v\u0259 b.-n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.
\nRza Tofiq B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131 (1868-1949) ixtisasca h\u0259kim olsa da \u0259sas\u0259n \u015fair v\u0259 filosof kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, \u201c\u0130ttihad v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi\u201d t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc (1907), m\u0259\u015frut\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259al xadiml\u0259rind\u0259n olmu\u015fdur. Rza Tofiq 1918-ci ild\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin maarif naziri i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdi. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u015f\u0131q \u015ferinin-Qaracao\u011flan\u0131n, D\u0259rdlinin v\u0259 sufi poeziyas\u0131n\u0131n, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin, habel\u0259 impressionizmin g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259siri olmu\u015fdur. B\u00f6y\u00fck filosof olan Rza Tofiq t\u00fcrk poeziyas\u0131nda heca v\u0259zninin m\u00f6vqeyini m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirmi\u015f, \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 insanp\u0259rv\u0259rlik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131, t\u0259bi\u0259t g\u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rini t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fc\u00e7 etmi\u015fdir. B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n \u201c\u00d6mr\u00fcm\u00fcn s\u0259rab\u0131\u201d (1934) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fqa onun \u201c\u018fbd\u00fclhaq Hamid v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri\u201d (1913), \u201cF\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259rsl\u0259ri\u201d (1914), \u201cTofiq Fikr\u0259t\u201d (1945) v\u0259 s. f\u0259ls\u0259fi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri d\u0259 var. Rza Tofiqin \u015feirl\u0259ri XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rinnd\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 romantik \u0259d\u0259biyyata \u00f6z t\u0259sirini buraxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\nYuxar\u0131dak\u0131lar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq onu qeyd ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, 1906-1909-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat fak\u00fclt\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsil alan H.Cavid d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ictimai-siyasi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, \u0259d\u0259bi prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 bigan\u0259 qalmam\u0131\u015f, \u201cbana elm laz\u0131md\u0131r, \u015f\u0259had\u0259tnam\u0259 deyil\u201d dey\u0259r\u0259k yaln\u0131z fak\u00fclt\u0259 d\u0259rsl\u0259ri il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259mi\u015f, N.Kamal, Z. Pa\u015fa, \u015e. \u015eamil, R.M. \u018fkr\u0259m, A.Hamit v\u0259 Rza Tofiq kimi d\u00f6vr\u00fcn qabaq\u00e7\u0131l \u0259d\u0259bi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015fdur:
\n\u201c\u018ff\u0259ndim! B\u0259nd\u0259niz ta Ramazana q\u0259d\u0259r be\u015f-alt\u0131 ay (edadi) proqram\u0131n\u0131 ikmala \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131m v\u0259 h\u0259r h\u0259ft\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur filosof Riza Tevfiq b\u0259yd\u0259n b\u0259zi h\u0259qayiq\u0259 dair bir-iki d\u0259rs proqram xaricind\u0259 oquyurdum. Sonra h\u00fcrriyy\u0259t al\u0131n\u0131r-al\u0131nmaz Riza Tevfiq b\u0259y \u018fdirn\u0259 m\u0259busu intixab edildi. B\u0259zi asari-nafi\u0259 n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131, dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunun \u0259d\u0259biyyat \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sin\u0259 professor t\u0259yin edildi. \u201c\u0130ttidad-t\u0259r\u0259qqi\u201d c\u0259miyy\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n mill\u0259t v\u0259kal\u0259tin\u0259 namiz\u0259d oldu. X\u00fclas\u0259, i\u015f i\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n a\u015fd\u0131, da\u015fd\u0131, biz\u0259 vaqt qalmad\u0131. Sonra Ramazanda dar\u00fclf\u00fcnuna istida t\u0259qdimil\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sin\u0259 qeyd v\u0259 q\u0259bul olundum. \u015eimdiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 davam ediyorum. \u015eimdilik b\u0259nim t\u0259qib etdiyim d\u0259rsl\u0259r: \u0259d\u0259biyyati-osmani, \u0259d\u0259biyyati-farsi, tarixi-\u0259d\u0259biyyat, m\u0259badiyi-f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, tarixi-\u00fcmumi v\u0259 siyasi, co\u011frafiyayi-tarixi, t\u0259bii v\u0259 \u00fcmrani…Bu proqram ustadi-m\u00f6ht\u0259r\u0259m Riza Tevfiq b\u0259yin s\u0259lah g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc bir proqramd\u0131r\u201d. (4;261)
\nH.Cavidin h\u0259m dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rinin ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm etdirmi\u015f, onlar\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n sitatlar g\u0259tirmi\u015fdir. M\u00fc\u0259llimi Rza Tofiqin \u201c\u0130ttihad v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi\u201d c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin \u00fczv\u00fc olmas\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259min c\u0259miyy\u0259tin v\u0259t\u0259nini \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn etdiyi xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndir\u0259n H. Cavid 1916-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cH\u0259rb v\u0259 f\u0259lak\u0259t\u201d \u015ferind\u0259 bu m\u00f6vzuya bel\u0259 toxunmu\u015fdur:
\n\u0130deals\u0131z nicat \u00fcmidi m\u0259hal…
\n\u201c\u0130ttihad!\u201d \u0130\u015ft\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck ideal!
\nS\u0259ni qurtar\u0131rsa, qurtar\u0131r birlik,
\n\u00c7\u00fcnki birlikd\u0259dir f\u0259q\u0259t dirlik!.. (4;s54)
\nH.Cavid 1914-c\u00fc ild\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Tahir Menemenlizad\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k onun 1896-c\u0131 ild\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cUyuyor\u201d \u015ferin\u0259 n\u0259zir\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fqa Tofiq Fikr\u0259tin \u201cRubabi-\u015fik\u0259st\u0259\u201dsind\u0259ki \u201c\u018fnc\u0259li hikm\u0259t; \u018fzm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259zilir\u201d fikrini H.Cavid \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Qars v\u0259 Otluda z\u00fclm\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalanlara ithaf etdiyi \u201cM\u0259zlumlar i\u00e7in\u201d \u015ferind\u0259 \u201cBir h\u0259qiq\u0259t bu: \u201c\u0259zm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259zilir!..\u201d dey\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259mi\u015fdir.
\nH.Cavid \u201cX\u0259yyam\u201d (1935) pyesind\u0259 V.\u015eekspirin \u201cHamlet\u201d faci\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259svir olunan q\u0259bristanl\u0131q s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 ox\u015far bir s\u0259hn\u0259 t\u0259svir etmi\u015fdir. Bu m\u00f6vzuya t\u00fcrk romantikl\u0259rind\u0259n N.Kamal da \u201cG\u00fclnihal\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 yer vermi\u015fdir. \u201c\u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 Muxtar b\u0259y eyniyl\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 qay\u0131daraq Horatsiyo il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259n Hamlet kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259r q\u0259bristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u201cHamlet\u201dd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi Muxtar b\u0259y d\u0259 m\u0259zar\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n mahn\u0131lar\u0131na qulaq as\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Qazman\u0131 vurdum m\u0259zara
\nS\u00fcm\u00fck \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 para-para
\nCan verib aldanma yara,
\nS\u0259nd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259r, s\u0259n \u00f6lm\u0259n\u0259 bax.( 9;22)<\/p>\n

H.Cavidd\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259zar\u00e7\u0131lar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n faniliyind\u0259n, sonunda ham\u0131n\u0131 eyni aqib\u0259t g\u00f6zl\u0259diyind\u0259n mahn\u0131lar oxuyur:<\/p>\n

Birinci m\u0259zar\u00e7\u0131
\nBiri \u00f6lm\u0259zs\u0259 dirilm\u0259z birisi,
\nHi\u00e7d\u0131r \u00f6mr\u00fcn sonu yaxud gerisi.
\nOlsa qurnaz n\u0259 qadar bir tilki,
\nBo\u011faz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131qacaqd\u0131r d\u0259risi. (4;92)<\/p>\n

H.Cavidin t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f Enver Uzun T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitinin t\u0259sirini d\u00fczg\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015f, haql\u0131 olaraq \u201cH\u00fcseyn Cavid v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiye edebiyat\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259rini h\u0259sr etmi\u015fdir. H.Cavidin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fc h\u0259m d\u0259 onun d\u00f6vr\u00fc m\u0259tbuatda \u00e7ap olunan \u015ferl\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u0259 yadda qaland\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 \u015fairin dar\u00fclfunun h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259svir ed\u0259rk\u0259n bu m\u0259qamlara da toxunmu\u015fdur. \u201cCavid \u0130stanbulda qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n fikir adamlar\u0131ndan d\u0259rs alm\u0131\u015f, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 \u0130stanbulun m\u0259tbuat h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan maraqlan\u0131rd\u0131. Elmi-B\u0259\u015f\u0259r, Yadi-Mazi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015fdir…( 8;14) Bundan savay\u0131 1909-cu ild\u0259 \u015fairin \u201cSon baharda\u201d \u015feiri T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u201cSirat\u00fcl-m\u00fcst\u0259qim\u201d m\u0259cmu\u0259sind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015fdir.
\nCavidin 1905-ill\u0259rd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131ndan \u0259xz el\u0259diyi m\u00f6vzulardan biri d\u0259 \u201cU\u00e7urum\u201d \u0259s\u0259ridir ki, bu \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259mid \u00fcsuli-idar\u0259sinin istibdad\u0131n\u0131n ifrat d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir.
\n\u018fs\u0259rin m\u00f6vzusu XX y\u00fczilin \u0259vv\u0259li T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llif burda yax\u015f\u0131 b\u0259l\u0259d oldu\u011fu m\u00fcasir t\u00fcrk g\u0259ncl\u0259rinin h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdirmi\u015fdir. Pyesin \u0259sas qay\u0259si Q\u0259rb m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin t\u00fcrk g\u0259ncl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kdir. \u0130stedadl\u0131 r\u0259ssam C\u0259lal v\u0259 onun h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 G\u00f6v\u0259r\u00e7in bir-birl\u0259rini saf m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tl\u0259 sevirl\u0259r. C\u0259lal Avropa r\u0259ssaml\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri il\u0259 daha yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Fransa v\u0259 \u0130taliyaya gedir. Burada o, Frans\u0131z q\u0131z\u0131 Anjell\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olur v\u0259 ail\u0259sini v\u0259t\u0259nini unudur. G\u00f6v\u0259r\u00e7inin sevgi m\u0259ktublar\u0131n\u0131 cavabland\u0131rm\u0131r. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra i\u00e7ki d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc olur, r\u0259ssaml\u0131q arzular\u0131n\u0131 unudur v\u0259 Anjell\u0259 \u0130stanbula qay\u0131d\u0131rlar. G\u00f6v\u0259r\u00e7inin atas\u0131 Ulu\u011fb\u0259yl\u0259 qarda\u015f\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m C\u0259lal\u0131 Anjeld\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015f o yer\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r ki, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m n\u0259alac qal\u0131b \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Anjel\u0259 vurulmu\u015f kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olur. Lakin C\u0259lal art\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tamamil\u0259 itirmi\u015fdir. G\u00f6v\u0259r\u00e7inin yegan\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259llisi olan M\u0259n\u0259k\u015f\u0259 d\u0259 onun \u0259li il\u0259 h\u0259lak olur. Sonunda C\u0259lal Anjelin ona add\u0131mba\u015f\u0131 x\u0259yan\u0259t etdiyini v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn timsal\u0131nda bir t\u00fcrk\u00fcn, bir istedad\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hv oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131r. C\u0259lal m\u0259n\u0259vi b\u00f6hran ke\u00e7irir \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcu\u00e7urum olan ataraq intihar edir. \u018fs\u0259rin ad\u0131 da daha \u00e7ox r\u0259mzi m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6z k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n uzaqla\u015fan, yad m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin, yad m\u0259n\u0259viyyat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259siri alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sini bildirir.
\nM\u0259ktublar\u0131nda Bo\u011faz i\u00e7inin g\u00f6z\u0259l m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sin\u0259 a\u015fiq oldu\u011funu bildir\u0259n H.Cavid burada g\u00f6z\u0259l qira\u0259txanalar\u0131n, kitabxanalar\u0131n, teatrlar\u0131n m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011funu, m\u00fczeyl\u0259rin inki\u015faf etdiyini d\u0259 bildirmi\u015fdir. M\u0259hz \u0130stanbul m\u00fchitinin t\u0259sirind\u0259ndir ki, Cavid sonralar Alp Arslan, M\u0259lik\u015fah (\u201cX\u0259yyam\u201d), \u018fmir Teymur, Y\u0131ld\u0131rim (\u201cTopal Teymur\u201d) v\u0259 \u201cAtilla\u201d, \u201c\u00c7ingiz\u201d(h\u0259bsi zaman\u0131 NKVD n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr) kimi t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadiml\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259sr etmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifi olmu\u015fdur.
\nT\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda Teymurun b\u0259dii obraz\u0131na \u018fhm\u0259d Cevdet Pa\u015fan\u0131n \u201cQisas-i \u0259nbiya v\u0259 T\u0259ravih-i H\u00fcl\u0259fa\u201d, \u018fbd\u00fclhaq Hamidin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTeyfl\u0259r ke\u00e7idi\u201dnd\u0259 v\u0259 H\u00fcseyn Cahidin \u201cTopal\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 rast g\u0259lirik. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda is\u0259 Teymur obraz\u0131na \u018flib\u0259y H\u00fcseynzad\u0259nin \u201cSiyas\u0259ti-f\u00fcrus\u0259t\u201d, M.S.Ordubadinin \u201cTeymurl\u0259ng v\u0259 \u0130ld\u0131r\u0131m B\u0259yazid\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 rast g\u0259lirik. \u018fli b\u0259y H\u00fcseynzad\u0259nin \u201cSiyas\u0259ti-f\u00fcrus\u0259t\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri \u018fbd\u00fclhaq Hamidin t\u0259siri il\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nH.Cavid d\u0259 yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n ilham alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Q\u0259rb \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda Napaleonlar\u0131, Kolumblar\u0131, I Pyotrlar\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259man kimi t\u0259bli\u011f ed\u0259r\u0259k t\u00fcrk fatehl\u0259rini qani\u00e7\u0259n, q\u0259sbkar kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alanlara cavab olaraq \u201cTopal Teymur\u201d dram\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, burada tarixi t\u0259hrif etm\u0259mi\u015f, h\u0259r bir obraz\u0131 tarixi ger\u00e7\u0259kliy\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n yaratma\u011fa nail olmu\u015fdur.
\nBildiyimiz kimi Cavidin \u00fcslubu, \u0259d\u0259biyyata g\u0259tirdiyi m\u00f6vzular h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaradan dig\u0259r s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi. Cavid \u018flib\u0259y H\u00fcseynzad\u0259nin \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k, islamla\u015fmaq, m\u00fcasirl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k\u201d \u015f\u00fcar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas tutaraq \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00fcmumt\u00fcrk ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259mi\u015f, \u015e\u0259rqin \u015fanl\u0131 tarix v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niy\u0259tini inki\u015faf etmi\u015f Q\u0259rb d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f etm\u0259yi m\u0259qs\u0259d qoymu\u015fdu. Bu da t\u0259bii ki, Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun deyildi. Cavid d\u00f6vr\u00fcn dikt\u0259 etdiyi t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r (\u201c\u015eeyx S\u0259nan\u201d) \u00fcslubu, dili v\u0259 m\u00f6vzular\u0131 k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rd\u0131.
\nT\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r Cavidi Sovet ideyalogiyas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259bli\u011f ed\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 islam v\u0259 t\u00fcrk tarixind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 ittiham edir, onu \u201cm\u00fcasir\u201d d\u00f6vrd\u0259n uzaq qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259yirdil\u0259r. Lakin b\u00fct\u00fcn bu t\u0259nqidl\u0259rin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 onlar Cavidin t\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259n v\u0259 d\u0259qiq olaraq kimd\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259ndiyini d\u0259 t\u0259dqiq ed\u0259 bilmi\u015fdil\u0259r: \u201cCavid \u0259\u015fkal (\u015f\u0259kil) c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Hamidan\u0259 is\u0259 \u00fcslub c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n Fikr\u0259tan\u0259 v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n Tofiqan\u0259 bir \u0259s\u0259r yaratmaq ist\u0259mi\u015fdir\u201d. (2; 20) Sonra t\u0259nqid\u00e7\u0131 Cavidin skletin tarixin r\u0259mzi oldu\u011funu Tofiq Fikr\u0259td\u0259n \u0259xz el\u0259diyini qeyd edir. O, \u201cPey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r\u201d dram\u0131nda Fikr\u0259tin dil v\u0259 \u00fcslubunun, Rza Tofiqin t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcf \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n izi oldu\u011funu bildirir.
\nSonunda onu da qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, Cavid onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131na \u00e7evril\u0259n elm yolunun zirv\u0259sin\u0259 m\u0259hz T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130stanbul \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchiti onun h\u0259yat\u0131 bahas\u0131na olsada amal\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn ittihamlara v\u0259 t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 sin\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k g\u00fcc\u00fc ver\u0259n ideyal\u0131n\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchiti Cavidi bir d\u00f6vr s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131xararaq \u0259b\u0259diyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259rlik zirv\u0259sin\u0259 qald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130stanbul Universitetind\u0259 t\u0259hsil almas\u0131 onu ortaq t\u00fcrk dilinin yarad\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na, \u00fcm\u00fcmt\u00fcrk tarixinin v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyyat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bli\u011fat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7evirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Qaynaq:<\/p>\n

1. Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet Ensiklopediyas\u0131. 10cildd\u0259. IX cild Bak\u0131: Az.Sovet Ensikl.-n\u0131n ba\u015f redak.,1986, 624s.
\n2. Cavidi xat\u0131rlark\u0259n: M\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 xatir\u0259l\u0259r.(\u00f6n s\u00f6z A.Zamanov), Bak\u0131: G\u0259nclik, 1982, 392s.
\n3. H\u00fcseyn Cavid. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri, be\u015f cildd\u0259,I cild, Bak\u0131: Lider n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 2005, 256 s.
\n4. H\u00fcseyn Cavid. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri, be\u015f cildd\u0259,V cild, Bak\u0131: Lider n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 2005, 288s.
\n5. M\u0259mm\u0259dli Qulam. Cavid \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu. H\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259lnam\u0259si. Bak\u0131: Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, 1982, 186 s.
\n6. M\u0259mm\u0259d C\u0259f\u0259r. H\u00fcseyn Cavid, Bak\u0131: Az\u0259rn\u0259\u015fr, 1960, 246 s.
\n7. \u015e\u0259rif \u018fziz. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259n. Bak\u0131: Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, 1986, s .
\n8. Enver Uzun A.H\u00fcseyn Cavid v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiye edebiyat\u0131. Bak\u0131: G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 1998, 165s.
\n9. Tanp\u0131nar Hamdi A. XIX asr T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 Tarihi., \u0130stanbul: 1988, 388s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

fil.\u00fc.f.dr. M\u0259lah\u0259t Ramizq\u0131z\u0131 (Babayeva) Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus d\u0259sti x\u0259tti il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259tkarlardan biri d\u0259 H\u00fcseyn Caviddir. H. Cavid XX y\u00fczil Az\u0259rbaycan romantizminin banil\u0259rind\u0259n olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 ortaq t\u00fcrk dilinin m\u00fcbariz t\u0259bli\u011fat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndand\u0131r. H. Cavidin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q yolu b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n milli oyan\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rki, m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 v\u0259 despotizm\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 k\u0259skin etiraz\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. Bel\u0259 ki, 1905-ci ild\u0259 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26449"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26452,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26449\/revisions\/26452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}