{"id":28988,"date":"2018-11-12T10:00:08","date_gmt":"2018-11-12T06:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28988"},"modified":"2018-11-12T14:51:02","modified_gmt":"2018-11-12T10:51:02","slug":"c%c9%99f%c9%99r-cabbarli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28988","title":{"rendered":"C\u0259f\u0259r CABBARLI"},"content":{"rendered":"

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C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 (tam ad\u0131: C\u0259f\u0259r Qafar o\u011flu Cabbarl\u0131) (20 mart 1899, X\u0131z\u0131, Rusiya \u0130mperiyas\u0131 \u2013 31 dekabr 1934, Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan SSR, SSR\u0130) \u2014 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 dramaturq, \u015fair v\u0259 nasir, teatr\u015f\u00fcnas, kino\u015f\u00fcnas, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i, kinossenarist, jurnalist, aktyor, rejissor, \u0259m\u0259kdar inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t xadimi (25 aprel 1933[1]).<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat\u0131<\/p>\n

Erk\u0259n ill\u0259ri
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 1899-cu il mart\u0131n 20-d\u0259 Bak\u0131 quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n 110 km-d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n X\u0131z\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259 (haz\u0131rda rayon m\u0259rk\u0259zidir) yoxsul k\u0259ndli ail\u0259sind\u0259 anadan olub.[2] K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00e7\u00fc i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n Qafar Cabbarl\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini itirdikd\u0259n sonra ail\u0259 m\u0259cburiyy\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Bak\u0131ya k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k, “da\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259si” adlanan yerd\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b.[3] C\u0259f\u0259rin \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131 olanda atas\u0131 v\u0259fat edib. Evin y\u00fck\u00fc anas\u0131 \u015eahbik\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb.[3] O, imkanl\u0131 ail\u0259l\u0259rin paltarlar\u0131n\u0131 yuyub, \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k bi\u015fir\u0259r\u0259k C\u0259f\u0259ri dini m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 qoyub.[3] C\u0259f\u0259r aras\u0131ra X\u0131z\u0131ya gedir, orada a\u015f\u0131qsaya\u011f\u0131 \u015feirl\u0259r yazan bibisi Z\u0259rni\u015fanla, da\u011f k\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259ki qohumlar\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc.[4]<\/p>\n

T\u0259hsili<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 g\u0259nclik ill\u0259rind\u0259
\n\u015eahbik\u0259 xan\u0131m C\u0259f\u0259ri t\u0259hsild\u0259n m\u0259hrum etm\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259 mollas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda “\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k\u0259” oxuma\u011fa, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra is\u0259 molla Q\u0259dirin yan\u0131na quran oxuma\u011fa qoyur.[5] Mollaxanan\u0131n ona bir \u015fey vermey\u0259c\u0259yini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n C\u0259f\u0259r ba\u015fqa u\u015faqlar il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 1905-ci ild\u0259 “Star\u0131y Po\u00e7tov\u0131-25”-d\u0259 Hac\u0131 M\u0259mm\u0259dh\u00fcseyn B\u0259d\u0259lovun \u015f\u0259xsi m\u00fclk\u00fcnd\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7sinifli “7-ci m\u00fcs\u0259lman v\u0259 rus” m\u0259kt\u0259binin birinci sinfin\u0259 daxil olur.[5] C\u0259f\u0259rin ilk m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri pedaqoq-yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Sani Axundov, Abdulla \u015eaiq, R\u0259him b\u0259y \u015e\u0131xlinski, \u018flim\u0259mm\u0259d Mustafayev idi.[5] C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 1908-ci ild\u0259 “7-ci m\u00fcs\u0259lman v\u0259 rus” m\u0259kt\u0259bini bitir\u0259r\u0259k bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t ail\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.[5] Sonralar Bak\u0131da Alekseyev ad\u0131na “3-c\u00fc ali ibtidai” m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 oxuyur. 1915-ci ilin aprelin 2-d\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259bi bitirir.[5]<\/p>\n

1915-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 Politexnik M\u0259kt\u0259binin elektro-mexanika \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 1920-ci il may\u0131n 6-da t\u0259hsilini ba\u015fa vuraraq \u015f\u0259had\u0259tnam\u0259 v\u0259 attestat al\u0131r.[6] Sonra Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin Tibb fak\u00fclt\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olur. Lakin o, \u0259riz\u0259 yaz\u0131b h\u0259min fak\u00fclt\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.[6] 1923-c\u00fc ilin sentyabr\u0131ndan Cabbarl\u0131 s\u0259hn\u0259 al\u0259mi v\u0259 teatr tarixi il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Bak\u0131 T\u00fcrk Teatr M\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qulaq asma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Eyni zamanda 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin \u015e\u0259rq fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin tarix \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259hsilini davam etdirir.[6]<\/p>\n

1915-1920-ci ill\u0259r C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259kc\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259lik ill\u0259ri deyil, \u0259d\u0259biyyata, s\u0259n\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi d\u00f6vr idi. O, bir-birinin ard\u0131nca “V\u0259fal\u0131 S\u0259riyy\u0259, yaxud g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f”, “Sol\u011fun \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r”, “N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah”, “Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” v\u0259 ya “Ulduz”, “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi”, “Bak\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259si”, “Ayd\u0131n” kimi Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alm\u0131\u015f, lirik v\u0259 satirik \u015feirl\u0259rl\u0259, bir s\u0131ra hekay\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar etmi\u015fdir.[7]<\/p>\n

Ail\u0259si
\n1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck qarda\u015f\u0131 H\u00fcseynqulu v\u0259fat etdi. Bu \u00f6l\u00fcm C\u0259f\u0259ri \u00e7ox sars\u0131td\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnki H\u00fcseynqulu ona qarda\u015fl\u0131qla yana\u015f\u0131 atal\u0131q etmi\u015fdi.[6] C\u0259f\u0259r ail\u0259nin \u0259n ki\u00e7ik u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 idi. Onun atas\u0131 Qafar k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdu. Anas\u0131 \u015eahbik\u0259 xan\u0131m is\u0259 evdar qad\u0131n idi.[6]<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r 1922-ci ild\u0259 \u0259misi q\u0131z\u0131 Sona xan\u0131mla ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 qurdu.[6] Bu evlilikd\u0259n onun Ayd\u0131n v\u0259 G\u00fclar\u0259 adl\u0131 2 \u00f6vlad\u0131 oldu. Onun b\u00f6y\u00fck o\u011flu Ayd\u0131n Cabbarl\u0131 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur.[6] O, tibb elml\u0259ri namiz\u0259di idi. Q\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fclar\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 is\u0259 filoloq, h\u0259m\u00e7inin C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n ev-muzeyinin direktoru idi.[6]<\/p>\n

Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n\u0130lk d\u00f6vr
\nCabbarl\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyata \u015feirl\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi v\u0259 ilk m\u0259tbu \u015feirl\u0259ri 1911-ci ild\u0259 “H\u0259qiq\u0259ti-\u018ffkar” q\u0259zetind\u0259 d\u0259rc olunmu\u015fdu. 1915-ci il aprel ay\u0131n\u0131n 3-d\u0259 “M\u0259kt\u0259b” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n 6-c\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 onun “Bahar” adl\u0131 \u015feiri n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdu. “M\u0259kt\u0259b” jurnal\u0131 tutdu\u011fu m\u00f6vqe v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259blil\u0259r aras\u0131nda geni\u015f yay\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 C.Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 c\u0259lb ed\u0259 bilmi\u015fdi. C.Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flamas\u0131nda “M\u0259kt\u0259b” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n da m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n rolu olmu\u015fdur.[8]<\/p>\n

1915-ci ild\u0259 “Qurtulu\u015f” jurnal\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n elan edilmi\u015f m\u00fcsabiq\u0259d\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n “Q\u00fcrub \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bir yetim” \u015feiri b\u0259y\u0259nilmi\u015f v\u0259 o, birincilik qazanaraq Sabirin “Hophopnam\u0259”si v\u0259 “Qurtulu\u015f” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n birillik abun\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fckafatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.[9]<\/p>\n

G\u0259nc Cabbarl\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 u\u015faq ya\u015flar\u0131ndan insanlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin yoxsullara v\u0259 varl\u0131lara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr, a\u011f\u0131r, m\u0259\u015f\u0259qq\u0259tli h\u0259yat i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edir v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alma\u011fa, onlara \u00f6z m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini bildirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 ail\u0259l\u0259rin a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti onu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. O, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckl\u0259rini “Boranl\u0131 q\u0131\u015f gec\u0259si”, “Bayram saxlayanlara”, “Dil\u0259n\u00e7i” v\u0259 “Novruz bayram\u0131na haz\u0131rla\u015fan m\u00fcs\u0259lmana t\u00f6hf\u0259” kimi \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259ks etdirmi\u015fdir.[10]<\/p>\n

“H\u00fcrriyy\u0259ti-nisvan\u00e7\u0131lara protesto”, “Arvadlar deyirl\u0259r”, “Ki\u015fil\u0259r deyirl\u0259r”, “Q\u0131zlardan ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 protesto” v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fair vaxtil\u0259 d\u0259b hal\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f qad\u0131n azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q h\u0259ll edildiyind\u0259n, qad\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 ibtidai h\u00fcquqlardan m\u0259hrum oldu\u011fundan b\u0259hs edirdi. B\u0259z\u0259n \u015fairin t\u0259nqid at\u0259\u015fi ictimai, siyasi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 do\u011fru y\u00f6n\u0259lir, d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015fundak\u0131 n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131 if\u015fa edir.<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n pyes v\u0259 hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, satirik \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 kapitalizm \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 qad\u0131na m\u00fcnasib\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 satirik \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin qad\u0131na m\u0259nfi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259nqid ed\u0259r\u0259k, onlar\u0131 \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cabbarl\u0131 ilk \u015feir, hekay\u0259 v\u0259 dramlar\u0131n\u0131 1915-1916-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130lk hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n olan “Aslan v\u0259 F\u0259rhad”\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 15 iyul 1916-c\u0131 il tarixi var. “M\u0259nsur v\u0259 Sitar\u0259” hekay\u0259sinin \u0259lyazma n\u00fcsx\u0259si v\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin “Sitar\u0259” adl\u0131 opera 1915-ci ilin ax\u0131rlar\u0131 v\u0259 ya 1916-c\u0131 ilin ortalar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cabbarl\u0131 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u015feirl\u0259 ba\u015flasa da, \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini dramaturgiya janr\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturqu v\u0259 teatr xadimi kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Xalq\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisinin ana x\u0259ttini m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin, teatr\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259tkar bir-birinin ard\u0131nca g\u00f6z\u0259l s\u0259hn\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri yaratm\u0131\u015f, eyni zamanda inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

C.Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid olan “V\u0259fal\u0131 S\u0259riyy\u0259 yaxud g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f]]” \u0259s\u0259rinin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki qeyd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259s\u0259r, 30 dekabr 1915-ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llif bu \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki \u0259dal\u0259tsizlikd\u0259n b\u0259hs edir, g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc haqs\u0131zl\u0131qlara q\u0259z\u0259b v\u0259 nifr\u0259tini bildirirdi. “V\u0259fal\u0131 S\u0259riyy\u0259 yaxud g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259n sonra yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 “Sol\u011fun \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r” \u0259s\u0259rini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259r 1915-ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Dramda yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 ictimai qurulu\u015fa qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z etiraz\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015fdir. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 “Sol\u011fun \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r”d\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 burjua-m\u00fclk\u0259dar c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k, onu bir ail\u0259 daxilind\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Eyni zamanda h\u0259min c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 hakim rolu olan pulun v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin insanlar\u0131n \u0259xlaq\u0131n\u0131 pozaraq, daxili al\u0259ml\u0259rini eyb\u0259c\u0259rl\u0259\u015fdirdikl\u0259rini, s\u0259daq\u0259tli, t\u0259miz q\u0259lbli insanlara \u0259zab v\u0259 i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r verildiyini if\u015fa etmi\u015fdir. \u018fs\u0259r ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1916-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u0130smailiyy\u0259 Saray\u0131nda oynan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Pyes ail\u0259-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t m\u00f6vzusuna h\u0259sr olunmu\u015fdur. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131 realist boyalarla t\u0259svir ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u0259dal\u0259tsizliyin, f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u0259nb\u0259yini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

“N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah” C.Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n ilk tarixi pyesidir. \u018fdibin \u0259lyazmalar\u0131 i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 “N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah” pyesinin variantlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n k\u00f6hn\u0259si t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1916-c\u0131 il\u0259 aiddir. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 \u0130randa h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u0259n \u015fah despotizmi (Qacarlar) fonunda z\u0259hm\u0259tke\u015f k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin a\u011f\u0131r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131, xanlar\u0131n az\u011f\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi \u0130ran g\u0259ncl\u0259rinin azadl\u0131q u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259sini g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq tarixi dram janr\u0131n\u0131 milli-azadl\u0131q ideyalar\u0131 il\u0259, geni\u015f xalq k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rinin \u015fah m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

“N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah” pyesind\u0259 istibdad v\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 geni\u015f xalq k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fcbariz\u0259sinin \u0259ks olunmas\u0131 onun f\u0259rqli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti olmu\u015fdur. Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131nda v\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarixi m\u00f6vzunun i\u015fl\u0259nilm\u0259si “N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah”la yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 idi. “N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah” ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1919-cu ild\u0259 A\u015fqabadda tama\u015faya qoyulmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Cabbarl\u0131 1917-ci ild\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 tarixin\u0259 dair “Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” v\u0259 ya “Ulduz” v\u0259 “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” pyesl\u0259rini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259r iki \u0259s\u0259rin m\u00f6vzusu t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin yadellil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u0259\u015fad\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Obraz v\u0259 m\u00f6vzu yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” pyesini “Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” pyesinin davam\u0131 hesab etm\u0259k olar.[11] Bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r t\u00fcrk m\u0259i\u015f\u0259tini, t\u00fcrk q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u00fcca\u0259tini t\u0259bli\u011f etdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259l\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259n vulqar v\u0259 sovet t\u0259nqidi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n “pant\u00fcrkist”, “panislamist” t\u0259may\u00fcll\u00fc \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r kimi qar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, az sonra tamamil\u0259 s\u0259hn\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” v\u0259 “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin m\u00f6vzusu Osmanl\u0131 \u0259halisinin, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin m\u00fcbariz\u0259 dolu tarixinin yax\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015find\u0259n (1911-1913-c\u00fc ill\u0259r) g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 “Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” tarixi faci\u0259si il\u0259 Nuru Pa\u015fan\u0131 b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyata g\u0259tir\u0259n ilk az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 dramaturqdur. \u018fs\u0259rin ilk tama\u015fas\u0131 Novruz bayram\u0131 \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 1918-ci il mart\u0131n 10-da Bak\u0131dak\u0131 “\u0130smailiyy\u0259” binas\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rilib.[11]<\/p>\n

“Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” v\u0259 “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259llif \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u0259nclik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda (18 ya\u015f\u0131nda), yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 Bak\u0131 Politexnik m\u0259kt\u0259binin t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, Osmanl\u0131 tarixinin Balkan m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri (1911-1913) d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc m\u0259tbuat m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda izl\u0259mi\u015f, b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259ndiyi tarixi faktlara yarad\u0131c\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, probleml\u0259rin v\u0259 xarakterl\u0259rin ziddiyy\u0259tli m\u0259qamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qoyaraq bu s\u0259hn\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si”nd\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259r 1911-1912-ci ill\u0259r \u0130taliya-Osmanl\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259si fonunda c\u0259r\u0259yan edir.<\/p>\n

“\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” faci\u0259sini g\u0259nc Cabbarl\u0131 1917-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 17-d\u0259 bitirmi\u015f, \u0259s\u0259r ilk d\u0259f\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min il, dekabr\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Abbas Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259rifzad\u0259nin t\u0259qdimat\u0131nda n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirilmi\u015fdir. C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 “Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” v\u0259 “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin ilk tama\u015fas\u0131ndan sonra veril\u0259n ziyaf\u0259td\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dimliyind\u0259n, z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 malik olma\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6hb\u0259t a\u00e7\u0131b. “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi”ni bu m\u00f6vzuya h\u0259sr etdiyini, “Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si”nd\u0259 Nuru Pa\u015fan\u0131n h\u0259rbi xadim v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi b\u0259dii obraz\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259svir etm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, general\u0131n Bak\u0131n\u0131n xilas\u0131 u\u011frundak\u0131 z\u0259f\u0259r y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259hs olunacaq yeni \u0259s\u0259rini yazaca\u011f\u0131na s\u00f6z verib. C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n alovlu nitqi Nuru Pa\u015fan\u0131 heyran qoyub. General ziyaf\u0259td\u0259n sonra “arkada\u015f” adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259v\u0259tini q\u0259bul ed\u0259r\u0259k onun qona\u011f\u0131 olub. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn Nuru Pa\u015fan\u0131n g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259ri Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n anas\u0131 Hac\u0131 \u015eahbik\u0259 xan\u0131m al\u0131b. Bunlar: bir \u0259d\u0259d nikelli d\u0259mir \u00e7arpay\u0131, paltar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn divar as\u0131lqan\u0131 v\u0259 divar saat\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t idi.[11] Pyesin \u0259sas m\u0259zmunu Balkan m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259slim\u00e7i, riyakar m\u00f6vqe tutmu\u015f hakim dair\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259z\u0259bi, itirilmi\u015f \u018fdirn\u0259 torpaqlar\u0131 u\u011frunda v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259rlik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131, q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q v\u0259 r\u0259\u015fad\u0259ti t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n “Bak\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259si” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 1918-ci ilin mart\u0131nda Bak\u0131da ba\u015f ver\u0259n qanl\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r, erm\u0259ni da\u015fnaqlar\u0131n\u0131n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara gar\u015f\u0131 etdiyi z\u00fclml\u0259r t\u0259svir olunur, ba\u015fda Nuru Pa\u015fa olmaqla q\u0259hr\u0259man xilaskar t\u00fcrk ordusunun \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri erm\u0259ni v\u0259h\u015fil\u0259rind\u0259n xilas etm\u0259sind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min faci\u0259 1919-cu il sentyabr\u0131n 16-da A.M.\u015e\u0259rifzad\u0259nin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 “T\u00fcrk oca\u011f\u0131”nda (T\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259t Teatr\u0131) tama\u015faya qoyulmu\u015fdur.[11] Lakin \u0259s\u0259r sonradan tap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6vr g\u0259nc yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q yolunda qanunauy\u011fun bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259, ciddi \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik idi. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 realizm yoluna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 ictimai-m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t m\u00f6vzular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130lk satirik v\u0259 lirik \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 o, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki n\u00f6qsanlara inc\u0259 bir kinay\u0259 il\u0259 g\u00fclm\u0259yi, onlar\u0131 ac\u0131-ac\u0131 qam\u00e7\u0131lama\u011f\u0131, if\u015fa etm\u0259yi v\u0259 onlara qar\u015f\u0131 nifr\u0259t oyatma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdi; hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 insanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri nisb\u0259t\u0259n geni\u015f t\u0259svir etm\u0259y\u0259, yax\u015f\u0131-yaman\u0131, xeyir-\u015f\u0259ri bir-birind\u0259n ay\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259tsiz bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 olsa da, xarakterl\u0259r yaratma\u011fa t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs etmi\u015fdi. \u0130lk pyesl\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 bu t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs daha da artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131; yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259rini, burjua c\u0259miyy\u0259ti il\u0259 toqqu\u015fan f\u0259rdl\u0259rin faci\u0259sini v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, ictimai \u0259dal\u0259tsizliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 meyll\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259yi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci d\u00f6vr\u00fc<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131ya h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan markas\u0131 (1999).<\/p>\n

Sumqay\u0131tda C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259si
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n 1920-1923-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259ki \u0259d\u0259bi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin n\u0259tic\u0259si “Ayd\u0131n” (1919) v\u0259 “Oqtay Elo\u011flu” (1921) pyesl\u0259ri olub. H\u0259r iki \u0259s\u0259r 1921-1923-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Teatr\u0131nda tama\u015faya qoyulmu\u015f v\u0259 teatr\u0131n repertuar\u0131nda yer tutmu\u015fdur. \u0130deya v\u0259 \u00fcslub c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n bir-birin\u0259 yax\u0131n olan bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 pulun h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q etdiyi bir c\u0259miyy\u0259ti, bu c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 \u0259zil\u0259n z\u0259hm\u0259tke\u015fl\u0259rin faci\u0259sini g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 1922-1923-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 iki d\u0259f\u0259 h\u0259bs olunub v\u0259 i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b.[12] C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fclar\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 bu bar\u0259d\u0259 deyir:<\/p>\n

Atam\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 pant\u00fcrkizmd\u0259 g\u00fcnahland\u0131raraq onu h\u0259bs etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259qam axtarm\u0131\u015flar.
\n1923-c\u00fc ild\u0259 onu bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik orqanlar\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Orada 2-3 ay \u0259zab-\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259r vermi\u015fl\u0259r. Atam\u0131n “\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” v\u0259 “Ulduz” (“Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si”) \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rinin azadl\u0131q u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259si \u0259sas yer tutur. El\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 ona amans\u0131z i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r vermi\u015fl\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259qibl\u0259rd\u0259n, \u0259zab-\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n qorxmayan, usanmayan atam he\u00e7 bir dostunun ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259mi\u015fdir. Tutarl\u0131 faktlar tapmasalar da, atam\u0131 daim incitmi\u015fl\u0259r. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 onun az ya\u015famas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b el\u0259 bu t\u0259qibl\u0259r olmu\u015fdur.[13]<\/p>\n

2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n 17 iyul 1923 tarixind\u0259, Bak\u0131da h\u0259bsxanada yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feirini tap\u0131l\u0131b. \u201cA\u00e7an-solan \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r\u201d adl\u0131 h\u0259min \u015feirin sonunda \u0259r\u0259b qrafikas\u0131 il\u0259 “Bak\u0131, F.K. 19. 17 iyul 1923” yaz\u0131l\u0131b. \u00c7ox ehtimal ki, \u201cF.K. 19\u201d F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 Komissiya (rus dilind\u0259 \u201c\u00c7erezv\u0131\u00e7aynaya Komissiya\u201d – red.) ad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f h\u0259rfl\u0259rin\u0259, h\u0259min idar\u0259nin 19 sayl\u0131 kameras\u0131na i\u015far\u0259dir. \u201cA\u00e7an-solan \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r\u201d sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0259bsxana poeziyas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ilk n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. \u0130stintaq materiallar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan tap\u0131lan bu \u015feir C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131q h\u0259yata, he\u00e7 n\u0259y\u0259 inam\u0131 qalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir. \u015eeiri C.Cabbarl\u0131 irsinin t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, filologiya elml\u0259ri doktoru Asif R\u00fcst\u0259mli tap\u0131b.[14]<\/p>\n

“Od g\u0259lini” tragediyas\u0131n\u0131 yazmaq fikri ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131da 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 oyanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. “Od g\u0259lini” \u0259sas etibar\u0131 il\u0259 IX \u0259srd\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f tipik tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 bu hadis\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015f\u0131nda duran xalq s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259si Bab\u0259kin \u0259r\u0259b i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259sr edilmi\u015fdir. \u018fs\u0259rin ilk variant\u0131 1925-ci ilin ortalar\u0131nda haz\u0131r oldu\u011fu halda, Cabbarl\u0131 onun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 tam \u00fc\u00e7 il d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f, t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f v\u0259 ancaq bundan sonra teatra vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

1928-ci ild\u0259 dramaturq “Od g\u0259lini” pyesi il\u0259 tarixi m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 problematik, zaman\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 aktual bir m\u00f6vzuya m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015fdi. \u018fs\u0259r ilk variant\u0131nda 38 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259n ibar\u0259t pyes kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, tama\u015faya haz\u0131rl\u0131q prosesind\u0259 is\u0259 18 \u015f\u0259kl\u0259 endirilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Sovet t\u0259nqidinin “ateist ruhlu”, din\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox t\u0259sirli \u0259s\u0259r kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirdiyi faci\u0259d\u0259 konkret olaraq islam v\u0259 onun ziyanl\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259sviri yoxdur, lakin \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycanda i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, soy\u011fun\u00e7ulu\u011funu, xalq\u0131n ad\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259, dinin\u0259, heysiyyat\u0131na t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259ks etdir\u0259n s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259r bir-birini \u0259v\u0259z edir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fmin R\u0259sulzad\u0259 “\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Od g\u0259lini”ni C\u0259f\u0259r “\u00c7eka” h\u0259bsind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qdan sonra yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, vaxtil\u0259 ist\u0259r m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259td\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259t xaricind\u0259 s\u0259s salm\u0131\u015f bir hadis\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 “m\u00fcsavat\u00e7\u0131lar” qrupu il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 h\u0259bs edilmi\u015fdi. Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259st Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lman-\u0259r\u0259b istilas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259si t\u0259svir edilir. Yeni sahibl\u0259r m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259tin b\u00fct\u00fcn z\u0259nginlikl\u0259rini \u00e7ap\u0131b apar\u0131rlar. Neft d\u00f6vl\u0259tin mal\u0131 elan edilir. \u018fr\u0259bistana da\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131 islam dinini g\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur edirl\u0259r.
\nM\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259nin r\u0259mziliyi g\u00f6z qaba\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn “\u0259r\u0259b” v\u0259 “islam” s\u00f6zl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 “rus” v\u0259 “kommunizm” s\u00f6zl\u0259rini qoymaq m\u0259nan\u0131 aktualla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259tdir”.[15]<\/p>\n

“Od g\u0259lini” \u0259s\u0259ri 1928-ci ild\u0259 tama\u015faya qoyuldu. \u018fs\u0259rin qurulu\u015f\u00e7u rejissoru A.A.Tuqanov idi.<\/p>\n

H\u0259l\u0259 1922-1923-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyi “Araz \u00e7ay\u0131” m\u0259nzum faci\u0259sini Cabbarl\u0131 oynamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dram Teatr\u0131na t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir. \u00c7ox ehtimal ki, bu m\u0259nzum faci\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259hd\u0259ti m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259sr edilmi\u015fdi. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 a\u011f\u0131zlarda g\u0259z\u0259n “Araz \u00e7ay\u0131, qalx aradan, qoy birl\u0259\u015fsin Az\u0259rbaycan!” misras\u0131n\u0131n da h\u0259min faci\u0259d\u0259n olmas\u0131 g\u00fcman edilir. Lakin t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, bu \u0259s\u0259r tap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcf\u0259ss\u0259l m\u0259lumat da yoxdur. 1923-c\u00fc ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Cabbarl\u0131 “Q\u0131z qalas\u0131” adl\u0131 \u0259fsan\u0259vi poemas\u0131n\u0131 “Maarif v\u0259 M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t” jurnal\u0131nda d\u0259rc etdirmi\u015fdir. “Q\u0131z qalas\u0131” 1922-1923-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin \u015e\u0259rq fak\u00fclt\u0259sind\u0259 oxuyark\u0259n Cabbarl\u0131 \u0259d\u0259bi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini d\u0259 davam etdirirdi. O, bir s\u0131ra hekay\u0259 v\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259r yazmaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7ilikl\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur, ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131nda m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar edirdi. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n teatr s\u0259n\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259ri 1924-1925-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n son v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti”, “Bizd\u0259 teatro”, “Az\u0259rbaycan teatr m\u0259kt\u0259bi”, 1922-ci ild\u0259 “\u018fd\u0259bi m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r” m\u0259qal\u0259sini “Z\u0259hm\u0259t” q\u0259zetind\u0259 d\u0259rc etdirmi\u015fdir v\u0259 s. m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 daha s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi formada \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015f, yeni repertuar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u0259n\u0259tkar aktyorlar, aktrisa v\u0259 rejissorlar yeti\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

M\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fmin R\u0259sulzad\u0259nin qeydl\u0259rind\u0259n:<\/p>\n

“Cabbarl\u0131 yaln\u0131z yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 deyil, eyni zamanda rejissordur. M\u0259\u015fhur musiqi professoru Qilyer onun “\u015eahs\u0259n\u0259m” adl\u0131 m\u0259nzum pyesini nota \u00e7evir\u0259r\u0259k opera yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. “Q\u0131z qalas\u0131” m\u0259nzum\u0259si kimi, \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n bir qismi rusca il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r, Qafqaz dill\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Dramlar\u0131ndan ba\u015fqa Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n \u015feirl\u0259ri v\u0259 hekay\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 vard\u0131. Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n dramaturqlu\u011fu Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259dir”.<\/p>\n

1925-ci ild\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t teatr\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015eekspirin “Hamlet” faci\u0259sini t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015f, 1927-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 “Dilb\u0259r” hekay\u0259sini \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015f, eyni zamanda F.Qladkovun “Sement” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259n bir par\u00e7a t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. 1928-ci ild\u0259 Lev Tolstoyun “U\u015faql\u0131q” povestini v\u0259 Maksim Qorkinin “\u00dcz\u00fcg\u00fcl\u0259r” hekay\u0259sini t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6vr\u00fc
\nM\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b ictimai-siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259ngin olan 1920-1930-cu ill\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259m siyasi, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi tarixind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bol\u015fevik hakimiyy\u0259ti, sovet rejimi, kolxoz quruculu\u011fu, ellikl\u0259 kollektivl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 kimi m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunan bu d\u00f6vr\u00fcn h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n tarixi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r, \u0259d\u0259biyyat n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri \u00e7oxdur.<\/p>\n

C.Cabbarl\u0131 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b, ziddiyy\u0259tli bir tarixi d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259bi s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 onun h\u0259m qaranl\u0131q, h\u0259m d\u0259 i\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rini biz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 1920-1930-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n populyar dramaturqu idi. D\u00f6vr\u00fcn tarixi-ictimai m\u0259zmununu t\u0259svir v\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259k q\u00fcdr\u0259ti m\u0259hz ona n\u0259sib olmu\u015fdur. C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131s\u0131z bu dramaturgiyan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00f6v, f\u0259al, m\u00fcst\u0259qil v\u0259 q\u00fcdr\u0259tli hesab etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildir.<\/p>\n

1928-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flay\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanda sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulduqdan sonra bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t dram yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na fasil\u0259 ver\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 1927-ci ild\u0259 “Sevil” \u0259s\u0259rini yaz\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259r qad\u0131n azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00f6vzusuna h\u0259sr olunmu\u015fdur. 1928-ci ild\u0259 “Sevil”in tama\u015faya qoyulmas\u0131 il\u0259 sanki \u015e\u0259rq qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir yol a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Qad\u0131n azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cabbarl\u0131 dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas m\u00f6vzular\u0131ndand\u0131r. C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259 kimi Cabbarl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 qad\u0131n d\u0259rdi “k\u00f6hn\u0259 bir d\u0259rd” idi. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n hekay\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259db\u0259xt taleyin\u0259 h\u0259sr edilmi\u015fdir. Lakin yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 donmu\u015f bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 yox, inki\u015fafda t\u0259svir etmi\u015fdir. Onlar get-ged\u0259 \u015f\u00fcurlan\u0131r, insanl\u0131q l\u0259yaq\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259rk edirl\u0259r. Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n qad\u0131n sur\u0259tl\u0259ri passiv etirazdan ba\u015flayaraq f\u0259al etiraza, ictimai m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259lirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Qad\u0131n azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131nda m\u0259tbuat\u0131n v\u0259 b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm v\u0259zif\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc v\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n “Sevil” pyesi bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb etdi. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcn\u0259nki, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc, h\u0259tta g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259yat\u0131 Sevilin simas\u0131nda \u0259ks etdirilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

1930-cu ill\u0259rin \u0259d\u0259bi-ictimai m\u00fchitin\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n, b\u00f6y\u00fck tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 oxucu k\u00fctl\u0259si aras\u0131nda rezonansa s\u0259b\u0259b olan “Sevil” pyesind\u0259 dramaturq yeni c\u0259miyy\u0259t, yeni insan, yeni ail\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259dii ill\u00fcstrativ t\u0259svirin\u0259 s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcti bir qad\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7diyi h\u0259yat yolu, m\u0259n\u0259vi t\u0259kam\u00fcl prosesi t\u0259svir olunur. Pyesd\u0259 \u0259dib m\u00fcasir h\u0259yat material\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda k\u00f6hn\u0259lik v\u0259 yeniliyin m\u00fcbariz\u0259sini \u0259ks etdirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

1930-cu ild\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 T\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259t Teatr\u0131nda b\u0259dii hiss\u0259 m\u00fcdiri v\u0259 rejissor v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

“Sevil”d\u0259n sonra dramaturqu iki m\u00f6vzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc; onlardan biri xalqlar dostlu\u011fu, ikincisi is\u0259 yeni k\u0259nd m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si idi.<\/p>\n

C.Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n 1930-cu ill\u0259r dram yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Almaz” pyesi il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rin ilk tama\u015fas\u0131 1931-ci il aprelin 13-d\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdi. Tama\u015fa b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcv\u0259f\u0259qiyy\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sosializm quruculu\u011fu d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn, 1929-1930-cu ill\u0259rin \u0259sas ictimai m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n kollektivl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si idi. Almaz\u0131n simas\u0131nda yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 sosializm c\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xarakterik olan bir g\u0259ncin sur\u0259tini yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1931-ci ild\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 “1905-ci ild\u0259” pyesini tamamlay\u0131b teatra verdi. \u018fs\u0259r xalqlar dostlu\u011fundan b\u0259hs edir. T\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dram Teatr\u0131 1931-ci il m\u00f6vs\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bu pyesl\u0259 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rin qurulu\u015f\u00e7u rejissoru Ly\u00fctse i\u015fi yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qoyub getdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qurulu\u015f \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

1932-ci ild\u0259 C.Cabbarl\u0131 “D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f” \u0259s\u0259rini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Sona xan\u0131ma yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubda \u0259dib \u0259s\u0259r haqq\u0131nda bunlar\u0131 deyir:<\/p>\n

“Bir balaca pyes yazma\u011fa ba\u015flayaca\u011fam. Burada qurtara bilm\u0259s\u0259m, gerisini g\u0259lib ba\u011fda qurtaraca\u011fam…”<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131
\nCabbarl\u0131n\u0131n 1932-ci ilin yay\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu m\u0259ktubda g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi balaca pyes \u2013 “D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f” pyesi idi. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 bu pyesi n\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b\u0259 “balaca” adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131? Bu suala \u0259dibin bir az \u0259vv\u0259l A.A.Tuqanova yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktub cavab verm\u0259kd\u0259dir. H\u0259min m\u0259ktubda Cabbarl\u0131 bildirir ki, D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dram Teatr\u0131n\u0131n yubileyi m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti il\u0259 ki\u00e7ik satirik bir pyes yazacaqd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 m\u0259lum olur ki, Cabbarl\u0131 teatr\u0131n yubileyind\u0259 tama\u015faya qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131n\u0131 yolda\u015fcas\u0131na t\u0259nqid ed\u0259n bir pyes \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. Bu pyes bir v\u0259 ya iki p\u0259rd\u0259li bir komediya, “s\u0259hn\u0259mizin g\u00fczg\u00fcs\u00fc” kimi t\u0259nqidi bir \u0259s\u0259r olacaqd\u0131. Lakin i\u015f zaman\u0131 \u0259s\u0259r getdikc\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, m\u00f6vzuca geni\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 ax\u0131rda sosializm s\u0259n\u0259ti m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n ciddi bir pyes\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. \u018fs\u0259ri yazmaqda yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t al\u0259mind\u0259ki n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131xarmaq, z\u0259r\u0259rli v\u0259 yaramaz fikir v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n teatr m\u00fchitini t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259k idi. N\u00f6qsan is\u0259 az deyildi. Onlar\u0131 c\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259 t\u0259nqid etm\u0259k laz\u0131m idi.<\/p>\n

Moskvada oxuyub Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259lmi\u015f g\u0259nc G\u00fclsabah teatr kollektivini yeni repertuar, yeni \u00fcsul, m\u00f6hk\u0259m intizam u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131randa bu n\u00f6qsanlarla \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 g\u0259lir. G\u00fclsabah g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131 ham\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r. Kollektivin k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 onlar\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. O deyir: “Bir d\u0259, yolda\u015flar, bizd\u0259 bir konservatizm vard\u0131r: Yenilikd\u0259n qorxmaq, k\u00f6hn\u0259liy\u0259 p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f”. G\u00fclsabah\u0131 h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n art\u0131q bu \u0259sas n\u00f6qsan, m\u00fchafiz\u0259karl\u0131q narahat edir; o, konservatizml\u0259, k\u00f6hn\u0259likl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 giri\u015fir. Pyes “Oqtay Elo\u011flu” \u0259s\u0259rinin davam\u0131 kimi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

“D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f” il\u0259 bir zamanda, 1932-ci ild\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 “Ya\u015far” pyesi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. \u018fs\u0259r 1932-ci ilin dekabr\u0131nda tama\u015faya qoyulmu\u015fdu. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 yeni Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n obraz\u0131 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ya\u015far yeni tipli g\u0259nc bir alimdir. O, \u00f6z ixtiras\u0131 il\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259n torpa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 abad etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir. Pyesd\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 k\u00f6hn\u0259 elmi normalara, k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f \u00fcsullara p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f ed\u0259n elmin \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r, inki\u015fafa mane olan k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f qaydalar\u0131 c\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259 q\u0131r\u0131b atan yeni, t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcskar elm adamlar\u0131n\u0131 alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131r. “Ya\u015far” Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n son tamamlanm\u0131\u015f \u0259s\u0259ri idi.<\/p>\n

1933-1934-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259hn\u0259y\u0259 yeni bir \u0259s\u0259r verm\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, bu ill\u0259r d\u0259 onun h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u0259n g\u0259rgin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t ill\u0259ri idi. Bu zaman o h\u0259m dram teatr\u0131nda, h\u0259m opera teatr\u0131nda, h\u0259m d\u0259 kinoda i\u015fl\u0259yirdi.<\/p>\n

1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015eura yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birinci qurultay\u0131 ke\u00e7irilib. Qurultay\u0131n 16 iyun tarixli iclas\u0131nda C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k H\u00fcseyn Cavidin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259nqid edib.[16][17]<\/p>\n

Kino f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 teatra b\u00f6y\u00fck qiym\u0259t verir v\u0259 onun ba\u015fl\u0131ca rolunu xalqa xidm\u0259td\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Teatr haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 qeydl\u0259rind\u0259n birind\u0259 oxuyuruq:<\/p>\n

“Teatro-y\u00fcks\u0259k b\u0259dii bir d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259dirs\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 d\u0259 \u00fcmum\u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l inki\u015faf ed\u0259c\u0259kdir. M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t \u2013 elm v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Teatro is\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tin ba\u015fqa qisml\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdiriyor”.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 teatrla ba\u011flamas\u0131na baxmayaraq dramaturq inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin vacib sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan kinoya da \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verir, Az\u0259rbaycan milli kinosunun yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni \u0259sirg\u0259mirdi.<\/p>\n

Hac\u0131 Qara (film, 1929) filmind\u0259n kadr. Ssenari m\u00fc\u0259llifi C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131d\u0131r.
\nUzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dram Teatr\u0131nda \u0259d\u0259bi-hiss\u0259 m\u00fcdiri i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n professional dramaturq o vaxt yenic\u0259 inki\u015faf ed\u0259n kino s\u0259n\u0259ti il\u0259 \u00e7ox maraqlan\u0131rd\u0131. 1928-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 kino fabrikind\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun v\u0259fat\u0131n\u0131n 50 illiyi m\u00fcnasib\u0259til\u0259 “Hac\u0131 Qara” \u0259s\u0259rinin motivl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda “Sona” adl\u0131 kino-film \u00e7\u0259kilir. “Hac\u0131 Qara” b\u0259dii filmi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ilk milli kino ssenaristi kimi tan\u0131nan Cabbarl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 qara \u00e7adradan xilas edib siyasi, iqtisadi v\u0259 ictimai h\u0259yata \u00e7\u0131xartmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kinematoqraf\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck imkanlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k fikrind\u0259 idi. O, bu arzusunu “Sevil” filmi il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

“Sevil” filmi 1929-cu ild\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n ssenarisi \u00fczr\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015fdir (1999-cu ild\u0259 filmin 70 ya\u015f\u0131 tamam oldu). Bu film Az\u0259rbaycan kinematoqraf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqsuzlu\u011funa, qad\u0131n \u0259sar\u0259tin\u0259 ilk etiraz s\u0259si idi. Kinofilmd\u0259 Sevil rolunu oynamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcnasib bir az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131 axtarmaq i\u015find\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdi. C.Cabbarl\u0131 \u00f6z q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n\u0131n ekranda sur\u0259tini canland\u0131racaq aktrisan\u0131 tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bak\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb qap\u0131-qap\u0131 g\u0259z\u0259r\u0259k evl\u0259rd\u0259, idar\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 q\u0131z axtar\u0131rd\u0131. C\u0259f\u0259r ist\u0259yirdi ki, filmd\u0259 Sevili m\u00fctl\u0259q az\u0259ri q\u0131z\u0131 oynas\u0131n. O, bu arzusuna da \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259xsus bir inadkarl\u0131qla nail olmu\u015fdu. H\u0259tta ba\u015f\u0131na q\u0259rib\u0259 mac\u0259ralar da g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Bu axtar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcrat \u0259sas\u0131nda “G\u00fcl\u0259r” hekay\u0259sini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Sevil rolunu Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft v\u0259 Kimya \u0130nstitutunun t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si \u0130zz\u0259t Orucova oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[18]<\/p>\n

“Sevil” filmi b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t qazand\u0131. Kinodak\u0131 bu i\u015find\u0259n h\u0259dsiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 sevin\u0259n Cabbarl\u0131 “Almaz” v\u0259 “1905-ci ild\u0259” pyesl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 kinossenaril\u0259r yazd\u0131 v\u0259 “Sevil”d\u0259n sonra d\u0259rhal “Almaz” filminin \u00e7\u0259kili\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sona xan\u0131m\u0131n xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n:<\/p>\n

“Burada da q\u0259hr\u0259man rolunu, y\u0259ni Almaz\u0131 \u0130zz\u0259t xan\u0131m oynay\u0131rd\u0131. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, C\u0259f\u0259r bu qurulu\u015fu ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131ra bilm\u0259di. Amans\u0131z \u00f6l\u00fcm onu bu i\u015find\u0259n d\u0259 vaxts\u0131z ay\u0131rd\u0131. C\u0259f\u0259rin s\u0259n\u0259t dostlar\u0131 “Almaz” filmini C\u0259f\u0259rsiz \u00e7\u0259kib qurtard\u0131lar v\u0259 1935-ci ilin ax\u0131r\u0131nda, onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn birinci ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259, i\u015fi m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 qurtard\u0131qlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259zar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 raport verdil\u0259r”.<\/p>\n

Sona xan\u0131m Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n m\u0259lum olur ki, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son ill\u0259rini kinostudiyadak\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 s\u0259rf etmi\u015f, h\u0259yat\u0131 q\u0259d\u0259r sevdiyi teatrdan \u00f6z\u00fc ist\u0259m\u0259d\u0259n uzaqla\u015fma\u011fa m\u0259cbur olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259rin b\u0259dxahlar\u0131 iddia edirdil\u0259r ki, g\u00fcya yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dram Teatr\u0131n\u0131 monopoliyaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb v\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ki, C\u0259f\u0259r teatrdad\u0131r v\u0259 yaz\u0131r, onlar oraya pyes verm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar Sovet Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilat komit\u0259sin\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubdan bir par\u00e7aya diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259k:<\/p>\n

“…\u018fg\u0259r bu do\u011fru is\u0259, m\u0259n d\u0259rhal teatr\u0131 t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131ram, t\u0259ki onlar yazs\u0131nlar. M\u0259n ba\u015fqa m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259: 14 ild\u0259n b\u0259ri kims\u0259nin he\u00e7 bir \u015fey yazmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259nim bu il iki libretto yazmal\u0131 oldu\u011fum operaya; he\u00e7 vaxt i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259diyim v\u0259 buna baxmayaraq repertuar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259nim “1905-ci ild\u0259”, “Almaz”, “Ya\u015far”, “Sevil” pyesl\u0259rim t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n rus i\u015f\u00e7i teatr\u0131na; 14 ild\u0259n b\u0259ri kims\u0259nin he\u00e7 n\u0259 etm\u0259diyi, m\u0259n is\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc orada borclu sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m Az\u0259rkinoya; habel\u0259 pyesl\u0259rimin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti oynan\u0131lan \u00f6zb\u0259k, t\u00fcrkm\u0259n, tacik, tatar teatrlar\u0131nda, f\u0259hl\u0259 klublar\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259m, n\u0259hay\u0259t, tamamil\u0259 yazmaya bil\u0259r\u0259m, t\u0259ki o yolda\u015flar yazs\u0131nlar”.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259, C\u0259f\u0259r tamamil\u0259 teatrdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b Bak\u0131 kino fabrikind\u0259 daimi i\u015f\u0259 ke\u00e7di.<\/p>\n

Kino Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131 getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox c\u0259lb edirdi. Az\u0259rbaycanda s\u0259n\u0259tin bu sah\u0259sind\u0259 laz\u0131mi kadrlar\u0131n olmamas\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Cabbarl\u0131 kino i\u015fl\u0259rini canland\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 \u0259lind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni \u0259sirg\u0259mir, orada h\u0259m ssenarist, h\u0259m d\u0259 rejissor kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Cabbarl\u0131 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lardan operator, r\u0259ssam, rejissor v\u0259 kino-aktrisa yeti\u015fdirm\u0259k bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, kinoda i\u015fl\u0259diyi zaman is\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 ciddi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdi. Teatrda oldu\u011fu kimi kino i\u015fin\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7ox ciddilikl\u0259 yana\u015fan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 milli kadrlar\u0131n yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verirdi. “Hara gedir Az\u0259rkino” adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 oxuyuruq:<\/p>\n

“Az\u0259rkinonun r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 sual ver\u0259nd\u0259: n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Sizd\u0259 fabrikin n\u0259zdind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259d\u0259 d\u00f6rd m\u00fcr\u0259ttibd\u0259n (\u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 onlar\u0131n ikisi yenic\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb) biri d\u0259 t\u00fcrk deyil v\u0259 t\u00fcrk yaz\u0131lar\u0131 bu dili bilm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n el\u0259 t\u0259hrif olunur ki, “g\u00f6z\u0259l q\u0131zlar”-“g\u00f6z\u0259l qozlar” kimi yaz\u0131l\u0131r, onlar cavab verirl\u0259r ki, t\u00fcrk m\u00fcr\u0259ttibl\u0259ri yoxdur, burada is\u0259 t\u00fcrk m\u00fcr\u0259ttibi \u00f6z\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259zir v\u0259 n\u0259rd oynay\u0131r. Soru\u015fanda ki, n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Sizd\u0259 t\u00fcrk qad\u0131n\u0131 rolunda t\u00fcrk qad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilmir, dedil\u0259r t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131 yoxdur.<\/p>\n

Lakin el\u0259 buradaca, fabrikd\u0259 t\u00fcrk qad\u0131n\u0131 Orucova (Az\u0259rkinonun t\u00fcrk olmayan 125 i\u015f\u00e7isinin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 h\u0259min 8-9 t\u00fcrkd\u0259n biri, g\u00f6z\u0259l aktrisa) makina\u00e7\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259yir. Ki\u015fi rollar\u0131nda aktyorlar n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Moskvadan, Leninqraddan, Xarkovdan d\u0259v\u0259t olunur sual\u0131na is\u0259 he\u00e7 k\u0259s ayd\u0131n cavab ver\u0259 bilmir v\u0259 direktor rejissorun, rejissor operatorun, operator rejissorun \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 y\u0131x\u0131r v\u0259 s.i.a. Az\u0259rkinonun \u00f6z simas\u0131 yoxdur. O, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015f\u0259xsi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q simas\u0131n\u0131 tapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Az\u0259rkinonun yegan\u0259 xilas yolu-ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaraq xidm\u0259t etdikl\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n z\u0259hm\u0259tke\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 inams\u0131zl\u0131qdan imtina etm\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 bu \u0259sas k\u00fctl\u0259nin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q irad\u0259sini v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259tini \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bazis se\u00e7m\u0259sind\u0259dir. Bizim kinofabrikan\u0131n qap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maq v\u0259 oraya bu canl\u0131 yarad\u0131c\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259ni buraxmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z o, Az\u0259rbaycan kinosunun \u0259sl simas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 qadirdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn qalanlar is\u0259 yapmad\u0131r, s\u00fcnidir, surroqatd\u0131r, inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 deyil v\u0259 dem\u0259li, bir q\u0259piy\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259z v\u0259 m\u0259hv\u0259 m\u0259hkumdur. Ba\u015fqa kino t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 bel\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir v\u0259 bizimki d\u0259 bel\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259lidir. Bizim kinomuzun r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri bunu n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r tez d\u0259rk ets\u0259, o q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131 olar. V\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r yen\u0259 inadkarl\u0131q etm\u0259k fikrin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fs\u0259l\u0259r, \u00e7ox guman ki, bu d\u0259f\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pis qurtaracaq. Biz is\u0259 indi x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q edirik, bizim kino yanl\u0131\u015f yol il\u0259 m\u0259hv\u0259 do\u011fru gedir”.<\/p>\n

Kinoda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131qdan sonra Cabbarl\u0131 istirah\u0259ti tamamil\u0259 yaddan \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Sona xan\u0131m Cabbarl\u0131ya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 29 avqust 1933-c\u00fc il tarixli m\u0259ktubunda C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 \u00f6z g\u0259rgin i\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini bel\u0259 t\u0259svir edirdi:<\/p>\n

“…Sonra, Sonas\u0131, \u00f6z i\u015fim bel\u0259dir: Moskvada q\u0259t olunub ki, kinoda “1905-ci il”in pastanovkas\u0131n\u0131 ancaq m\u0259n verm\u0259liy\u0259m. \u00d6zg\u0259 adam\u0131n verm\u0259sin\u0259 raz\u0131 olmay\u0131blar. Moskvada h\u0259ll olunub ki, hans\u0131 kinolar ged\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 hans\u0131n\u0131 hans\u0131 rejissor qoymal\u0131d\u0131r. “1905-ci ild\u0259” filminin rejissorundan s\u00f6hb\u0259t ged\u0259nd\u0259 demi\u015fl\u0259r ki, Braginski-mraginski tan\u0131m\u0131r\u0131q, C\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fc qoymal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 bu il olmal\u0131d\u0131r. V\u0259 teatrdan kinoya ke\u00e7m\u0259lidir. M\u0259n dedim: teatrdan getm\u0259r\u0259m. Sonra dedil\u0259r ki, teatrda da, kinoda da i\u015fl\u0259. \u0130ndi g\u0259r\u0259k rejissor ssenarisin\u0259 ba\u015flayaq. Ay\u0131n 1-d\u0259n kinoda qulluqdayam. Sonra, “S\u0259fa”n\u0131n ancaq birc\u0259 4-c\u00fc p\u0259rd\u0259si qal\u0131b. 1-ci, 2-ci, 3-c\u00fc p\u0259rd\u0259l\u0259rini qurtarm\u0131\u015fam. Tamam-kamal. Bu yandan da Qliyer g\u0259lib Narkomprosda deyir: g\u0259r\u0259k bir h\u0259ft\u0259y\u0259 “\u015eahs\u0259n\u0259m”i qurtarasan, operada oynayaq. Deyir\u0259m vaxt\u0131m yoxdur. Deyirl\u0259r, \u00f6zg\u0259 adam eyl\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Bu yandan da \u015eillerin “Qa\u00e7aqlar”\u0131, o yandan da “\u018ffqan\u0131stan” …X\u00fclas\u0259, i\u015fl\u0259rim \u00e7ox dola\u015f\u0131qd\u0131r, haraya gedib \u00e7\u0131xsa, s\u0259n\u0259 yazaram… Sonra, T\u00fcrk teatr\u0131nda “1905-ci ild\u0259”ni qurulu\u015fda verm\u0259liy\u0259m. Rus teatr\u0131nda da “1905-ci ild\u0259” gedir. Mayorov deyir, g\u0259r\u0259k ikili i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259k, t\u0259k qoya bilm\u0259r\u0259m. Operada da “S\u0259fa”n\u0131n pastanovkas\u0131n\u0131 g\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259n ver\u0259m. Bizim teatrda da “Otello”nu t\u0259z\u0259l\u0259m\u0259k boynuma qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onlardan bir c\u00fcr il\u0259 boyun qa\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015fam. Ham\u0131s\u0131 da deyir bir vaxtda. X\u00fclas\u0259, al\u0259m \u00e7axna\u015f\u0131b bir-birin\u0259, he\u00e7 bilmir\u0259m n\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. H\u0259, “Od g\u0259lini”ni d\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259k Mayorov il\u0259 m\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259m. Budur, t\u0259xmin\u0259n m\u0259nim i\u015fl\u0259rim. \u0130ndi g\u0259l\u0259k s\u0259nin i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259…”.<\/p>\n

Bir daha qeyd ed\u0259k ki, C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda milli kino s\u0259n\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olan \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259ndir. Az\u0259rbaycan milli kinosunun yaranmas\u0131nda, bu sah\u0259d\u0259 milli kadrlar\u0131n yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259sind\u0259, kino i\u015finin yeni, milli \u0259saslar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmas\u0131nda Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri \u0259v\u0259zsizdir.<\/p>\n

O, 1928-ci ild\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun “Hac\u0131 Qara” pyesi \u0259sas\u0131nda ssenari yazaraq Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ilk milli kino ssenaristi olmu\u015f, kinematoqrafiya tariximizin q\u0131z\u0131l fonduna “Sevil”, “Almaz” kimi filml\u0259r b\u0259x\u015f etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

V\u0259fat\u0131
\nSona xan\u0131m\u0131n xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n: \u201c\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259r s\u0259hh\u0259tinin pozuldu\u011funa baxmayaraq, \u00e7ox g\u0259rgin i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. \u00d6mr\u00fcnd\u0259 birc\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259 kurorta, ya sanatoriyaya getm\u0259mi\u015fdi. H\u0259tta, ba\u011fa, yayla\u011fa da g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 vaxt tapm\u0131rd\u0131; g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 d\u0259 ancaq i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, yazmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259lirdi\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u0259 alud\u0259likl\u0259 sar\u0131lmas\u0131, get-ged\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00fcr\u0259k x\u0259st\u0259liyin\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verm\u0259m\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131 \u00e7ox z\u0259ifl\u0259di v\u0259 1934-c\u00fc ilin sonunda, dekabr\u0131n 31-d\u0259, s\u0259h\u0259r saat 4-d\u0259 v\u0259fat etdi.[19]<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259fn g\u00fcn\u00fc
\nBel\u0259 ki, 31 dekabr gec\u0259 saat 4-d\u0259 C. Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Sona xan\u0131m q\u0259fl\u0259t\u0259n yuxudan ay\u0131l\u0131r, i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yand\u0131randa C\u0259f\u0259rin g\u00fcl\u00fcms\u0259r \u00e7\u00f6hr\u0259sini v\u0259 yanaqlar\u0131nda donub qalm\u0131\u015f iki damla g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr.[20]<\/p>\n

Cabbarl\u0131 s\u0259h\u0259r saat 10-da Az\u0259rbaycan Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri M\u0259mm\u0259dkaz\u0131m \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259rli il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Komit\u0259nin birinci katibi Mirc\u0259f\u0259r Ba\u011f\u0131rov v\u0259 Xalq Komissarlar\u0131 \u015furas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri H\u00fcseyn R\u0259himovla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u0259li idi. Mirc\u0259f\u0259r Ba\u011f\u0131rovun tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 “Pravda” q\u0259zeti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, sonralar “Firuz\u0259” ad\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurla\u015fan “Bak\u0131” novellas\u0131n\u0131 respublika r\u0259hb\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oxumal\u0131 idi.[20]<\/p>\n

C. Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259s\u0259di “Sema\u015fko” ad\u0131na x\u0259st\u0259xanaya apar\u0131l\u0131r. Beyni yar\u0131lmadan Moskvaya beyin \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat institutuna g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, onun \u00fcr\u0259k iflicind\u0259n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdiyi deyilir. Lakin \u0259dibin q\u0259fil \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00f6z-s\u00f6hb\u0259t uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t s\u0259ngim\u0259k bilmir. H\u0259tta \u018fbd\u00fclvahab Yurdsev\u0259r Ankarada \u00e7ap etdirdiyi “Az\u0259rbaycan dram \u0259dibl\u0259rind\u0259n C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131” m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkar\u0131n t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 d\u00f6zm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k intihar etdiyini qeyd edir.[20]<\/p>\n

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 il\u0259 xalq\u0131n son vida m\u0259rasimi 1935-ci il yanvar\u0131n 2-d\u0259 \u0130smailiyy\u0259 binas\u0131nda ke\u00e7irilir. B\u00f6y\u00fck bir izdiham s\u0259n\u0259tkar\u0131 son m\u0259nzil\u0259, F\u0259xri Xiyabana yola sal\u0131r.[20]<\/p>\n

C. Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fclar\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259kiml\u0259r anas\u0131 Sona xan\u0131ma deyibl\u0259r ki, C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fckd\u0259n sonra onun beyni \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131b. Moskvaya, oradan da Leninqrada apar\u0131blar. Orada hans\u0131sa muzeyd\u0259 Maksim Qorkinin, Leninin beyinl\u0259ril\u0259 birg\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131b. \u00c7\u0259kisi d\u0259 2,5 kq-a q\u0259d\u0259r imi\u015f. Leninin d\u0259, Qorkinin d\u0259 beynind\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck imi\u015f. Sona xan\u0131m\u0131n iddias\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u015feyl\u0259r o vaxt D\u00f6vl\u0259t T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik Komit\u0259sinin diqq\u0259tind\u0259 olan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 he\u00e7 kim\u0259 demirmi\u015f.[21]<\/p>\n

M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fmin R\u0259sulzad\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd edirdi:<\/p>\n

“O, g\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131nda, q\u00fcvv\u0259t v\u0259 enerji il\u0259 dolu ik\u0259n, 1934-c\u00fc ilin sonunda v\u0259fat etdi. Onu d\u00f6vl\u0259t hesab\u0131na d\u0259fn etdil\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycan komissarlar\u0131 onun tabutu ba\u015f\u0131nda n\u00f6vb\u0259y\u0259 durdular v\u0259 bununla onun kommunist deyilk\u0259n, kommunistliyi m\u0259nims\u0259diyini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k ist\u0259dil\u0259r. Kommunist olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 onun Moskvada toplanan \u0259dibl\u0259r qurultay\u0131nda s\u00f6yl\u0259diyi m\u0259\u015fhur nitqdir. Bu nitqind\u0259 o, “h\u0259qiqi s\u0259n\u0259tkar v\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u015fan\u0131na yara\u015fmayan sosial sifari\u015f” \u00fcsulunun, y\u0259ni \u015fairl\u0259ri h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00f6vzularda yazma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edilm\u0259nin \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r”.[19]<\/p>\n

Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n co\u015fqun bir h\u0259v\u0259s v\u0259 enerji il\u0259 yaz\u0131b yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259fat etm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 v\u0259 teatr\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck bir itki idi.<\/p>\n

S\u0259m\u0259d Vur\u011funun yazd\u0131qlar\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n

“C.Cabbarl\u0131 XIX v\u0259 XX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixinin \u0259n nadir simalar\u0131ndan biridir. Cabbarl\u0131 \u00f6z yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fcs\u0259ti, s\u0259n\u0259t x\u0259zin\u0259sinin z\u0259nginliyi etibaril\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovdan v\u0259 C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259d\u0259n (Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin) sonra XX \u0259sr \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli simas\u0131d\u0131r. Cabbarl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan klassik dramaturgiyas\u0131 v\u0259 klassik \u015feiri z\u0259min\u0259sind\u0259 yeti\u015fmi\u015f, milli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini inki\u015faf etdirmi\u015f, yeni bir dramaturgiya \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259kt\u0259bini yaratm\u0131\u015f bir \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tdir”.<\/p>\n

\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri
\n\u018fsas m\u0259qal\u0259: C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n biblioqrafiyas\u0131
\n“V\u0259fal\u0131 S\u0259riyy\u0259, yaxud g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f” (1915)
\n“Sol\u011fun \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r” (1915)
\n“N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah” (1916)
\n“Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259si” (1917)
\n“\u018fdirn\u0259 f\u0259thi” (1917)
\n“Bak\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259si” (1918)
\n“Ayd\u0131n” (1919)
\n“Oqtay Elo\u011flu” (1921)
\n“Od g\u0259lini” (1928)
\n“G\u00fclzar” (1924)
\n“Dilar\u0259” (1924)
\n“Dilb\u0259r” (1927)
\n“Sevil” (1928)
\n“Almaz” (1931)
\n“Ya\u015far” (1932)
\n“D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f” (1932)
\nN\u0259\u015fri
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri: I cild \u2013 \u015eeirl\u0259ri, “Q\u0131z qalas\u0131” poemas\u0131, hekay\u0259l\u0259ri;
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri: II cild \u2013 Pyesl\u0259ri;
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri: III cild \u2013 Pyesl\u0259ri;
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri: IV cild \u2013 Ki\u00e7ik h\u0259cmli v\u0259 natamam pyesl\u0259ri, librettolar\u0131, m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri.
\nXatir\u0259si
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 m\u00fckafat\u0131
\n\u018fsas m\u0259qal\u0259: C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 m\u00fckafat\u0131
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n xatir\u0259sini \u0259ziz tutan ail\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t adam\u0131n\u0131n 100 illik yubileyi \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat, elm, musiqi v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri t\u0259ltif etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn “C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 m\u00fckafat\u0131”n\u0131 t\u0259sis edibl\u0259r. C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 m\u00fckafat\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1999-cu ild\u0259, ikinci d\u0259f\u0259 is\u0259 2010-cu ild\u0259[22] t\u0259qdim edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131da C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n heyk\u0259li. Heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015f Mir\u0259li Mirqas\u0131mov
\nBak\u0131 metropolitenind\u0259 ad\u0131 verilmi\u015f stansiya
\nBir \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ad\u0131 verilmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 ad\u0131na Az\u0259rbaycanfilm kinostudiyas\u0131
\n\u015e\u0259xsi h\u0259yat\u0131
\nAyd\u0131n Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n atas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nG\u00fclar\u0259 Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n atas\u0131d\u0131r.[23]
\nFilmoqrafiya
\nAbbas Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259rifzad\u0259 (film)
\nA\u011fasad\u0131q G\u0259rayb\u0259yli (film, 1974)
\nAlmaz (film, 1936)-ssenari m\u00fc\u0259llifi, \u0259s\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llifi
\nAzadl\u0131\u011fa ged\u0259n yollar (film, 1990)
\nBak\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131. Buzovna (film, 2007)
\nBal\u0131q\u00e7\u0131lar (film, 1927)
\nCavid \u00f6mr\u00fc (film, 2007)
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 (film, 1944)
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 (film, 1969)
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131. S\u0259hn\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri (film, 1973)
\nC\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259fni (film, 1935)
\nHac\u0131 Qara (film, 1929)
\nQay\u0131d\u0131\u015f (film, 1992)
\nQ\u0259mb\u0259r H\u00fcseynli (film, 2007)
\nOnlar bel\u0259 sevirdil\u0259r (verili\u015f, 2007)
\nSevil (film, 1929)
\nSevil (film, 1970)
\nSolmaz bir bahar kimi (film, 1979)
\nYarasa (film, 1995)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 (tam ad\u0131: C\u0259f\u0259r Qafar o\u011flu Cabbarl\u0131) (20 mart 1899, X\u0131z\u0131, Rusiya \u0130mperiyas\u0131 \u2013 31 dekabr 1934, Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan SSR, SSR\u0130) \u2014 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 dramaturq, \u015fair v\u0259 nasir, teatr\u015f\u00fcnas, kino\u015f\u00fcnas, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i, kinossenarist, jurnalist, aktyor, rejissor, \u0259m\u0259kdar inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t xadimi (25 aprel 1933[1]). H\u0259yat\u0131 Erk\u0259n ill\u0259ri C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 1899-cu il mart\u0131n 20-d\u0259 Bak\u0131 quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n 110 km-d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28988"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28988\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29001,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28988\/revisions\/29001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}