{"id":28990,"date":"2018-11-12T12:00:10","date_gmt":"2018-11-12T08:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28990"},"modified":"2018-11-12T14:51:52","modified_gmt":"2018-11-12T10:51:52","slug":"%c9%99hm%c9%99d-cavad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28990","title":{"rendered":"\u018fhm\u0259d CAVAD"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u018fhm\u0259d Cavad (tam ad\u0131: Cavad M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li o\u011flu Axundzad\u0259) \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 \u015fair, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i, AYB-nin \u00fczv\u00fc (1934), professor (1933).[1]<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat\u0131<\/p>\n

\u0130lk ill\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259hsili<\/p>\n

Cavad Axundzad\u0259 u\u015faql\u0131q ill\u0259rind\u0259
\n\u018fhm\u0259d Cavad M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li o\u011flu Axundzad\u0259 1892-ci il may ay\u0131n\u0131n 5-d\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n \u015e\u0259mkir rayonunun Seyf\u0259li k\u0259ndind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Bir \u00e7ox m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r \u015fairin do\u011fum yerini \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 R\u0259hman H\u0259s\u0259nov “\u018fhm\u0259d Cavad yan\u011f\u0131s\u0131” adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fairin Seyf\u0259li sovetliyin\u0259 daxil olan Mehrili k\u0259ndind\u0259 anadan oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Babalar\u0131 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycandand\u0131r.[2]<\/p>\n

Atas\u0131 Molla M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li o zaman\u0131n z\u0259ngin bilikli ziyal\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri idi. Zehinli, tez \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n u\u015faq kimi h\u0259r k\u0259sin r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tini qazanan \u018fhm\u0259d m\u0259kt\u0259b ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmam\u0131\u015f Quran oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra sur\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259zb\u0259rl\u0259mi\u015fdir. Atas\u0131 1898-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir. \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad ilk t\u0259hsilini k\u0259ndind\u0259ki mollaxanada alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ail\u0259nin qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq anas\u0131 Yax\u015f\u0131 xan\u0131m G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k xal\u00e7a karxanas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259di t\u0259hsilini davam etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015eah Abbas m\u0259scidi n\u0259zdind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n ruhani seminariyas\u0131na yerl\u0259\u015fdirir. Bu m\u00fcs\u0259lman seminariyas\u0131nda u\u015faqlara orta t\u0259hsil verilirdi. Filologiya elml\u0259ri namiz\u0259di N.Q\u0259hr\u0259manov 20 sentyabr 1985-ci il tarixli “\u015eair v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i”, “\u018fd\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t” \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd edir ki, \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad \u0130randa t\u0259hsil al\u0131b. Lakin dig\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bunu t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r yoxdur.[3]<\/p>\n

Sovet ittifaq\u0131 qurulduqdan sonra h\u0259yat\u0131, h\u0259bsl\u0259ri v\u0259 repressiyaya u\u011framas\u0131
\n\u015eair, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i, AYB-nin Cavad Az\u0259rbaycan himninin s\u00f6zl\u0259rinin<\/p>\n

m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. Sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259ti qurulduqdan sonra Quba Xalq Maarif \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fcdiri (1920-1922), G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan K\u0259nd T\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 \u0130nstitutunda Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 rus dill\u0259ri kafedras\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259llim, dosent, kafedra m\u00fcdiri (1930-1933), Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t N\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 redaktor (1934), “Az\u0259rbaycanfilm” studiyas\u0131nda s\u0259n\u0259dli filml\u0259r \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fcdiri (1935-1936) kimi f\u0259rqli yerl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. Lakin bu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 ona qar\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131lan m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 donoslar onun d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259bsin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t o M\u00fcsavat partiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc olmu\u015fdur v\u0259 h\u0259tta 1923-c\u00fc ild\u0259 onu d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 gizli f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 “M\u00fcsavat” partiyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n olan Mirz\u0259bala M\u0259mm\u0259dzad\u0259nin \u0445aric\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u0445\u00fcsusi rolunun olmas\u0131nda ittiham ed\u0259r\u0259k h\u0259bs etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Sonradan el\u0259 h\u0259min ild\u0259 deklorasiya alt\u0131nda azad edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

1925-ci ild\u0259 \u018f.Cavad q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 “G\u00f6y-g\u00f6l” \u015feirin\u0259 bir qrup h\u0259mkar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259ksinqilabi \u015feir dam\u011fas\u0131 vurulur v\u0259 bununla da \u015fair h\u0259bs\u0445anaya sal\u0131n\u0131r. Dam\u011faya s\u0259b\u0259b \u015fairin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu misralard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u018fhm\u0259d Cavad\u0131n son \u015f\u0259kli<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 \u015e\u00fckriyy\u0259 xan\u0131m
\n”\tS\u0259nin g\u00f6z\u0259lliyin g\u0259lm\u0259z ki saya,
\nQoynunda yer vard\u0131r y\u0131ld\u0131za, aya!<\/p>\n

Oldun s\u0259n onlara mehriban daya,<\/p>\n

F\u0259l\u0259k b\u00fcsat\u0131n\u0131 qural\u0131, G\u00f6y g\u00f6l![4]<\/p>\n

”
\n\u015eairi bu b\u0259ndd\u0259 ulduzdan aydan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131b m\u00fcsavat\u00e7\u0131lara ismar\u0131c g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259 ittiham edib \u015feirin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sini Moskvaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rirl\u0259r. \u015eeird\u0259 he\u00e7 bir siyasi s\u0259hvin tap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 Bak\u0131 m\u0259lumatland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 yerli idar\u0259etm\u0259d\u0259 olanlar \u015fairi h\u0259bsd\u0259n azad etm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qal\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

1928-ci ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcsavat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n n\u0259\u015fr etdikl\u0259ri “\u0130stiqlal m\u0259cmu\u0259si”nd\u0259 onun \u015feirl\u0259ri d\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad\u0131n h\u0259bsi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259b axtaran b\u0259zi h\u0259mkarlar\u0131 bundan yararlanaraq yorulmaq bilm\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259tbuatda “\u0130stiqlal m\u0259cmu\u0259si”nd\u0259 \u00e7ap olunan \u015feirl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 onu ittiham etdil\u0259r. Cavad is\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 “Kommunist” q\u0259zetinin 1929-cu il 31 oktyabr tarixli say\u0131nda “\u015eidd\u0259tli protesto edir\u0259m” m\u0259qal\u0259si il\u0259 yaz\u0131lanlara bel\u0259 cavab verdi:<\/p>\n

”\tAprel inqilab\u0131ndan sonra \u0259laq\u0259dar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir t\u0259\u015fkilat t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n n\u0259\u015fr edil\u0259n bu kitabdan x\u0259b\u0259rim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, hans\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131m\u0131n da oraya d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rim yoxdur.\t”
\nAmma bu etiraz k\u00fckr\u0259y\u0259n kin-k\u00fcdur\u0259t dal\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir damlayd\u0131. Q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259 veril\u0259n imzal\u0131-imzas\u0131z m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, \u015feirl\u0259rd\u0259 Cavad t\u0259hqir olunurdu. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif zamanlarda ona qar\u015f\u0131 “Sonad\u0259k if\u015fa etm\u0259li” (Abdulla Faruq), “S\u0131ralar\u0131m\u0131zda d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 yer yoxdur” (A\u011fah\u00fcseyn R\u0259sulzad\u0259), “S\u0131ralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 t\u0259mizl\u0259y\u0259lim!” (C\u0259f\u0259r X\u0259ndan), “T\u0259mizliy\u0259 ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r!” (M\u0259mm\u0259d S\u0259id Ordubadi), “Amans\u0131z olmal\u0131!” (Mir C\u0259lal), “S\u0259hvl\u0259rimiz haqq\u0131nda” (S\u0259m\u0259d Vur\u011fun), “Say\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259\u015fdiyi yerd\u0259” (Seyfulla \u015eamilov) adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r[5].<\/p>\n

1937-ci ilin mart ay\u0131nda \u015eota Rustavelinin \u201cP\u0259l\u0259ng d\u0259risi geymi\u015f p\u0259hl\u0259van\u201d \u0259s\u0259rinin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ilk m\u00fckafata layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq h\u0259min ilin 4 iyununda h\u0259bs edildi. 1937-ci ilin iyununda ba\u015flanan istintaq i\u015fi h\u0259min ilin 25 sentyabr\u0131nda qurtarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 1937-ci ilin 12 oktyabr\u0131nda ba\u015flan\u0131b, c\u0259mi 15 d\u0259qiq\u0259 davam ed\u0259n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin s\u0259dri Matulevi\u00e7, \u00fczvl\u0259ri Zaryanov v\u0259 Jiqur olub. SSR\u0130 Ali M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin H\u0259rbi Kollegiyas\u0131 Cavad\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Cinay\u0259t M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sinin 69, 70 v\u0259 73-c\u00fc madd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ittiham edib. \u0130r\u0259li Mn kl mnvbm\u00f6klfbbs\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n ittihamlardan birincisi o idi ki, \u015fair 1922-ci ild\u0259n \u0259ksinqilab\u00e7\u0131 M\u00fcsavat h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olub, 1936-c\u0131 ild\u0259n is\u0259 o, Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 m\u00f6vcud \u00fcsyankar-terror\u00e7u t\u0259\u015fkilata qo\u015fularaq, qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na Sovet hakimiyy\u0259tini y\u0131xmaq, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 SSR\u0130-d\u0259n ay\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dini qoyub. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259rbi h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas Kostyu\u015fko v\u0259 prokuror Rovski i\u015ftirak edibl\u0259r. M\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r, y\u0259ni v\u0259kill\u0259r, \u015fahidl\u0259r is\u0259 olmay\u0131b. S\u0259h\u0259risi g\u00fcn is\u0259 o g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ndi. Lakin b\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Mir C\u0259f\u0259r Ba\u011f\u0131rov 1956-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad\u0131n g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259diyini h\u0259bsxanada i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 d\u00f6zm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini deyib. Onun h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 \u015e\u00fckriyy\u0259 xan\u0131m is\u0259”V\u0259t\u0259n xaininin ail\u0259 \u00fczv\u00fc” oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 Qazax\u0131stana 8 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Sonradan \u015e\u00fckriyy\u0259 xan\u0131m \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad\u0131n Mir C\u0259f\u0259r Ba\u011f\u0131rovun birba\u015fa g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 h\u0259bs olundu\u011funu demi\u015fdir. 1955-ci ilin 19 avqustunda is\u0259 \u015fair\u0259 b\u0259ra\u0259t verilir.<\/p>\n

Kitablar\u0131
\nG\u0259lm\u0259 Bismillah: \u015eerl\u0259r \/\/ Az\u0259rbaycan.- 1994.- 6 der.-s.4.
\nHaqq ba\u011f\u0131ran s\u0259s \/ T\u0259rt. v\u0259 \u00f6n s\u00f6z A.\u018fliyevan\u0131nd\u0131r. \u2013 B.: Nicat, 1991.- 31 s.
\n\u00c7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131 Qara d\u0259niz: (\u015eer) \/\/ Yeni Az\u0259rba
\nHaqq\u0131nda olan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r
\nSalmanl\u0131 R. \u0130stiqlal \u015fairi \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad haqq\u0131nda \/\/ Az\u0259rbaycan.- 2003.- 28 may.- s.6.
\nRzal\u0131 R. Altunlar yurdudur bu kas\u0131b \u00f6lk\u0259. \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycan himninin m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rind\u0259n biri \/\/ Az\u0259rbaycan. \u2013 2002.- 28 may.- s.8.
\nRzayeva M. \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad\u0131n haqq\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 oldu \/\/ \u015e\u0259rq.- 2006.- 28 fevr.- s.6.
\nMustafayeva G. M\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rolu \/\/ \u018fdal\u0259t.- 2006.- 10 mart.- s.7.
\nQusarda ilk d\u00fcny\u0259vi m\u0259kt\u0259bi \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad t\u0259\u015fkil edib: (Qabaqc\u0131l maarif xadimi, m\u00fcharib\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k veteran\u0131 Sabir Piro\u011flanovun \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad haqq\u0131nda xatir\u0259l\u0259ri) \/\/ Az\u0259rbaycan. \u2013 2005.- 28 may.- s.16.
\n\u0413\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0428. \u042f \u043f\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0446 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b!: \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0434-100\/\/\u0411\u0430\u043a\u0443.-1993.-6 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430.-\u0421.2.
\n\u0421\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445-\u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d!: \u041a 100 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0430\/\/\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d.-1992.-\u21164.-\u0421.3-8.
\nAfina M\u0259mm\u0259dli \u018fflatun q\u0131z\u0131.”\u018fhm\u0259d Cavad v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259” kitab\u0131 \/ 2010. Elm v\u0259 T\u0259hsil. Bak\u0131. 160 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u018fhm\u0259d Cavad (tam ad\u0131: Cavad M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li o\u011flu Axundzad\u0259) \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 \u015fair, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i, AYB-nin \u00fczv\u00fc (1934), professor (1933).[1] H\u0259yat\u0131 \u0130lk ill\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259hsili Cavad Axundzad\u0259 u\u015faql\u0131q ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li o\u011flu Axundzad\u0259 1892-ci il may ay\u0131n\u0131n 5-d\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n \u015e\u0259mkir rayonunun Seyf\u0259li k\u0259ndind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Bir \u00e7ox m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r \u015fairin do\u011fum yerini \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-home","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28990"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29004,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28990\/revisions\/29004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}