{"id":30085,"date":"2019-04-08T01:00:52","date_gmt":"2019-04-07T21:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30085"},"modified":"2019-04-08T13:44:52","modified_gmt":"2019-04-08T09:44:52","slug":"dahi-az%c9%99rbaycan-sairi-v%c9%99-mut%c9%99f%c9%99kkiri-nizami-g%c9%99nc%c9%99vi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30085","title":{"rendered":"Dahi Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkiri Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi (fars. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0648\u06cc; tam ad\u0131: \u018fbu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d C\u0259mal\u0259ddin \u0130lyas ibn Yusif; d. t\u0259xm. 1141, G\u0259nc\u0259, Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r (haz\u0131rk\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisi) \u2013 t\u0259xm. 1209, G\u0259nc\u0259) \u2014 D\u00fcnya \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tli Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkiri; Orta \u0259sr \u015f\u0259rqinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fairl\u0259rind\u0259n biri; farsdilli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi d\u0259 o, farsdilli poeziyan\u0131n klassiki, farsdilli epik \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck romantik \u015fairi, farsdilli epik poeziyaya dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q dili v\u0259 realistik stili g\u0259tirmi\u015f s\u0259n\u0259tkar hesab olunu.<\/p>\n

\u015eifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 v\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarixi salnam\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi m\u00f6vzular\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n Nizami, islamdan \u0259vv\u0259lki v\u0259 islam d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u0130ran\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdir.[1] Nizaminin q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q-romantik poeziyas\u0131 sonrak\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259r boyunca, fars dilinin istifad\u0259 olundu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ona ox\u015fatma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u0259nc s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na t\u0259sir etmi\u015f, n\u0259inki Persiyada, h\u0259m d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan, Erm\u0259nistan, \u018ffqan\u0131stan, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, Hindistan, \u0130ran, Pakistan, Tacikistan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 \u00d6zb\u0259kistan kimi m\u00fcasir \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Nizaminin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Hafiz \u015eirazi, M\u00f6vlana C\u0259lal\u0259ddin Rumi v\u0259 S\u0259di \u015eirazi kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na t\u0259sir etmi\u015fdir. Onun, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ictimai, m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 elmi m\u00f6vzular\u0131 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131ran be\u015f m\u0259sn\u0259visi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259\u015fhurlu\u011fa malik olmu\u015fdur ki, bunu da, \u015fairin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u00e7oxlu sayda v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259r\u0259 aid \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7atmas\u0131 s\u00fcbut edir. Nizaminin “Xosrov v\u0259 \u015eirin”, “Leyli v\u0259 M\u0259cnun” v\u0259 “\u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rnam\u0259” kimi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131, indi d\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn islam \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00fcnyada tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eairin 850 illik yubileyi \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 1991-ci il UNESCO t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n “Nizami ili” elan edilmi\u015fdir.[2]<\/p>\n

Tarixi-m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fchit<\/p>\n

Nizami Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Q\u0131z\u0131l Arslan\u0131n q\u0259bulunda. 1481-ci il\u0259 aid \u0259lyazmadan miniat\u00fcr, Uolters S\u0259n\u0259t Muzeyi
\n1135\/1136-c\u0131 ild\u0259n 1225-ci il\u0259 kimi Az\u0259rbaycan (\u0259sas\u0259n indiki C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisini \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi) v\u0259 Arran \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u0259lcuq sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130raqi-\u018fc\u0259md\u0259ki B\u00f6y\u00fck atab\u0259yl\u0259ri kimi Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r (b\u0259z\u0259n Eld\u0259g\u0259zl\u0259r v\u0259 ya Eld\u0259gizl\u0259r d\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r) s\u00fclal\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131, \u0130raqi-\u018fc\u0259md\u0259ki s\u0259lcuq sultan\u0131n\u0131n azad edilmi\u015f qulam\u0131 (d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc-qul) olmu\u015f q\u0131p\u00e7aq m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li \u015e\u0259ms\u0259ddin Eld\u0259niz t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qoyulmu\u015fdur. S\u0259lcuq imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan atab\u0259yl\u0259ri (y\u0259ni, s\u0259lcuq taxt\u0131 varisl\u0259rinin regenti) olmu\u015f Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r, 1181-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qil yerli hakim kimi \u0259razini idar\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, 1225-ci ild\u0259 daha \u0259vv\u0259l g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259r d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0259razil\u0259rinin C\u0259lal\u0259ddin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tutulmas\u0131 il\u0259 son qoyulmu\u015fdur.[3] Ehtimal ki, \u015e\u0259ms\u0259ddin Eld\u0259niz Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti 1153-c\u00fc ild\u0259, Sultan M\u0259sud ibn M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din sonuncu favoriti Qass b\u0259y Arslan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.[4]<\/p>\n

H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Arran v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanla qon\u015fuluqda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u015eirvan \u0259razisind\u0259 K\u0259sranil\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 edil\u0259n \u015eirvan\u015fahlar d\u00f6vl\u0259ti m\u00f6vcud idi. K\u0259sranil\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259si \u0259r\u0259b m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yin\u0259 malik olsa da, farsla\u015fm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu s\u00fclal\u0259d\u0259n olan \u015fahlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini q\u0259dim Sasani \u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n varisl\u0259ri elan etmi\u015fdil\u0259r.[5]<\/p>\n

Nizaminin do\u011fum tarixin\u0259 kimi t\u00fcrk-s\u0259lcuqlar\u0131n \u0130ran v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259sind\u0259n y\u00fcz il ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Fransa tarix\u00e7isi Rene Qrussenin fikrinc\u0259, \u00f6zl\u0259ri t\u00fcrkman m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li olan S\u0259lcuqlular, \u0130ran taxt\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdikd\u0259n sonra, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti aparmam\u0131\u015f, \u0259ksin\u0259, “k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 fars oldular v\u0259 q\u0259dim b\u00f6y\u00fck Sasani \u015fahlar\u0131 kimi \u0130ran \u0259halisini k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin h\u00fccumlar\u0131ndan, iran m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini is\u0259 t\u00fcrkman t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sind\u0259n xilas etdil\u0259r.” [6].<\/p>\n

Nizaminin “X\u0259ms\u0259”y\u0259 daxil olan poemalar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 XII \u0259srin sonuncu r\u00fcb\u00fcnd\u0259, S\u0259lcuqlar\u0131n ali hakimiyy\u0259ti par\u00e7alanma d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fay\u0131r, siyasi v\u0259 sosial naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar is\u0259 art\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin, fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f hakimiyy\u0259tin m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 yerli hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 par\u00e7alanma d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 inki\u015faf edir, fars dili is\u0259 \u0259sas \u0259d\u0259biyyat dili olaraq qal\u0131rd\u0131. Bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t, o zaman fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti forpostu[7] x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti da\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f, Nizaminin d\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 irandilli \u0259halinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi[8] Qafqaz \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olan G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 aid idi. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 irandilli \u0259halinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259sin\u0259, Nizaminin m\u00fcasiri olmu\u015f v\u0259 onun kimi G\u0259nc\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaratm\u0131\u015f tarix\u00e7i Kirakos Qandzaketsi (t\u0259xm. 1200-1271) d\u0259 \u015fahidlik edir.[9] Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, orta \u0259sr erm\u0259nidilli \u0259d\u0259biyyatda b\u00fct\u00fcn irandilli xalqlar “parsik” – farslar adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ki, bu da Qandzaketsinin \u0259s\u0259rinin ingilisc\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[10] Nizaminin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259nin fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259ndiyi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rdin biri olmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n faktlardan biri d\u0259, XIII \u0259sr\u0259 aid N\u00fczh\u0259t \u0259l-M\u0259clis antologiyas\u0131nda, XI-XII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaratm\u0131\u015f 24 farsdilli \u015fairin \u0259s\u0259rinin toplanmas\u0131d\u0131r.[11] XI-XII \u0259srl\u0259r G\u0259nc\u0259sinin irandilli \u0259halisi aras\u0131nda x\u00fcsusil\u0259 k\u00fcrdl\u0259ri qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, onlar\u0131n da burada m\u0259skunla\u015fmas\u0131na vaxtil\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri idar\u0259 etmi\u015f k\u00fcrd m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li \u015e\u0259ddadil\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259si t\u0259kan vermi\u015fdir. Nizaminin atas\u0131n\u0131n Qumdan G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259si v\u0259 valideyl\u0259rinin bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da b\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar \u015f\u0259h\u0259d\u0259 k\u00fcrdl\u0259rin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u0259 malik olmas\u0131 v\u0259 Nizaminin anas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcrd m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li olmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah edirl\u0259r.[12] [13]<\/p>\n

Nizamid\u0259n y\u00fcz il sonra ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130ran tarix\u00e7isi H\u0259mdullah Q\u0259zvini “x\u0259zin\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 dolu” Arran \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri G\u0259nc\u0259ni \u0130ran\u0131n \u0259n z\u0259ngin v\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri kimi t\u0259svir edir.[14] O d\u00f6vrd\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan, Arran v\u0259 \u015eirvan Xorasandan sonra fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin ikinci \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck yeni m\u0259rk\u0259zi idi. M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r fars poeziyas\u0131n\u0131n Xorasan stili daxilind\u0259 q\u0259rb m\u0259kt\u0259bini ay\u0131r\u0131rlar ki, bu da Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259kt\u0259bi, b\u0259z\u0259n is\u0259 \u015eirvan, Arran v\u0259 ya Qafqaz m\u0259kt\u0259bi adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu m\u0259kt\u0259b m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b metaforik v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259zmunu, h\u0259m\u00e7inin xristian \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sind\u0259n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f obrazlar\u0131n istifad\u0259si il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir.[15] Nizami, Q\u0259rb m\u0259kt\u0259binin \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri hesab edilir.[16][17]<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat\u0131
\nNizaminin h\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox az m\u0259lumat var; \u015fairin h\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda yegan\u0259 m\u0259lumat m\u0259nb\u0259yi onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ridir ki, bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r ayd\u0131n informasiya verilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.[18] Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Nizaminin ad\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti \u0259traf\u0131nda \u00e7oxlu \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 onun bioqrafiyas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259mi\u015fdir.[19]<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131 v\u0259 l\u0259q\u0259bi
\n\u015eairin \u0259sl ad\u0131 \u0130lyas, atas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Yusif, babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Z\u0259ki olmu\u015fdur: o\u011flu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din do\u011fulmas\u0131ndan sonra onun da ad\u0131 \u015fairin tam ad\u0131na ke\u00e7mi\u015f v\u0259 onun tam ad\u0131 \u018fbu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u0130lyas ibn Yusif ibn Z\u0259ki M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259d olmu\u015fdur.[8] \u018fd\u0259bi l\u0259q\u0259b kimi \u015fair “Nizami” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7mi\u015fdir[20] ki, bunu da b\u0259zi t\u0259zkir\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r, \u015fairin ail\u0259sinin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq tikm\u0259\u00e7ilikl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah edirl\u0259r; Nizami \u0259d\u0259biyyatla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ail\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tind\u0259n imtina etmi\u015f, toxuyucu s\u0259bri il\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[21] \u015eairin Nizam \u0259d-Din \u018fbu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u0130lyas ibn Yusif ibn Z\u0259ki ibn M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259d olmu\u015fdur.[22] Yan R\u0131pka \u015fairin r\u0259smi ad\u0131n\u0131n Hakim Camal \u0259d-Din \u018fbu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u0130lyas ibn Yusif ibn Z\u0259ki ibn M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259d Nizami oldu\u011funu qeyd edir.[23]<\/p>\n

Do\u011fum tarixi v\u0259 yeri<\/p>\n

Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vinin G\u0259nc\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 1946-c\u0131 ild\u0259 (heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015f:Fuad \u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259hmanov) v\u0259 2012-ci ild\u0259 (heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015f:\u015e\u0259rif \u015e\u0259rifov) ucald\u0131lm\u0131\u015f heyk\u0259ll\u0259ri.
\nNizaminin d\u0259qiq do\u011fum tarixi bilinmir.[24] M\u0259lum olan odur ki, \u015fair, 1140-1146-c\u0131 (hicri 535\u2014540) ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. Nizaminin bioqraflar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcasir t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar, onun d\u0259qiq do\u011fum tarixini alt\u0131 il aras\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r (535-40\/1141-6).[25] Formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u0259n\u0259n\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n v\u0259 UNESCO-nun da q\u0259bul etdiyi tarix\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n \u015fairin do\u011fum tarixi kimi 1141-ci il q\u0259bul olunur.[2] Bu tarix\u0259 \u015fair \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259, “Xosrov v\u0259 \u015eirin” poemas\u0131n\u0131n “Kitab \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fczr” b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015far\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k deyir:<\/p>\n

”\tF\u0259l\u0259k yarad\u0131rk\u0259n deyib m\u0259n\u0259 “\u015fir”,
\nLakin bu v\u00fccudum bir yun heyk\u0259ldir,
\nDeyil\u0259m d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259 vuru\u015fan \u015fird\u0259n,
\nYet\u0259r ki, \u00f6z\u00fcml\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u0259m m\u0259n.
\n(R.Rzan\u0131n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si)\t”
\nBu beytl\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259lum olur ki, \u015fair \u015eir b\u00fcrc\u00fc alt\u0131nda do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259c\u0259 Nizami bildirir ki, poema \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 ba\u015flayark\u0259n onun q\u0131rx ya\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015fdur, poeman\u0131 yazma\u011fa is\u0259 \u015fair, hicri t\u0259qviml\u0259 575-ci ild\u0259 balam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu hesaba \u0259sas\u0259n bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r ki, Nizami hicri 535-ci ild\u0259 (miladi 1141-ci il) do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min il ulduzlar 17-22 avqust tarixl\u0259rind\u0259 \u015eir b\u00fcrc\u00fc alt\u0131nda d\u00fczl\u00fcm\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr ki, buna \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 Nizaminin 17-22 avqust 1141-ci ild\u0259 do\u011fulmas\u0131 g\u00fcman edilir[26].<\/p>\n

\u015eairin do\u011fum yeri d\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t m\u00fcbahis\u0259 m\u00f6vzusu olmu\u015fdur. L\u00fctf\u0259li b\u0259y Az\u0259r (XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r) “At\u0259\u015fg\u0259d\u0259” adl\u0131 t\u0259zkir\u0259sind\u0259 Nizaminin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n v\u0259 “\u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rnam\u0259” poemas\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 iddia edil\u0259n (poeman\u0131n Abdulla \u015eaiq v\u0259 Mikay\u0131l Rzaquluzad\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilmi\u015f v\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015f variant\u0131nda h\u0259min beyt yoxdur) beyt\u0259 istinad\u0259n Nizaminin m\u0259rk\u0259zi \u0130randak\u0131 Qum \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 do\u011fulmas\u0131n\u0131 iddia edir:\/<\/p>\n

G\u0259nc\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Nizami m\u0259qb\u0259r\u0259si
\n”\tM\u0259n mirvari kimi G\u0259nc\u0259 d\u0259nizind\u0259 q\u0259rq olsam da,
\nda\u011flarda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Qum \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n\u0259m.
\n(\u018fhm\u0259d \u0130sayevin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si[27])\t”
\nNizaminin orta \u0259sr bioqraflar\u0131n\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 (Aufi S\u0259did\u0259ddin (XIII \u0259sr), D\u00f6vl\u0259t\u015fah S\u0259m\u0259rq\u0259ndi (XV \u0259sr) v\u0259 s.) \u015fairin do\u011fuldu\u011fu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r kimi, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 v\u0259fat etdiyi G\u0259nc\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. Akademik Y.E. Bertels qeyd edir ki, Nizaminin ona m\u0259lum olan \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 q\u0259dim \u0259lyazmalar\u0131nda bel\u0259 Qum haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumata rast g\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015fdir.[28] Haz\u0131rda, akademik m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f ortaq fikr\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Nizaminin atas\u0131n\u0131n Qumdan olmas\u0131na[22], lakin Nizaminin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 do\u011fulmas\u0131na, onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 Qumda do\u011fulmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 iddian\u0131n is\u0259 m\u0259tn s\u0259hvi olmas\u0131na[8] inan\u0131l\u0131r. Nizaminin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, 1077-1307-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n[29] (v\u0259 onun yerli t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259ri olan Az\u0259rbaycan Atab\u0259yl\u0259rinin) hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131nda olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Nizami \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015f[30] v\u0259 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun do\u011fma \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olan G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 irandilli \u0259hali \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyin\u0259[8] g\u00f6r\u0259 fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti hakim olmu\u015fdur.[8] H\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda az m\u0259lumat olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, \u015fairin \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kimi C\u0259nubi Qafqazda ya\u015famas\u0131 g\u00fcman edilir.[8] Nizaminin h\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda c\u00fczi m\u0259lumatlar onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir.[31]<\/p>\n

Valideynl\u0259ri v\u0259 qohumlar\u0131
\nNizaminin Qumdan (M\u0259rk\u0259zi \u0130ran) G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f atas\u0131 Yusif ibn Z\u0259ki ehtimal ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u015f\u00e7isi olmu\u015fdur.[32] Nizaminin iran m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li[33] anas\u0131 R\u0259is\u0259, \u015fairin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 k\u00fcrd[34][35] olmu\u015fdur. Ehtimal ki, k\u00fcrd s\u00fclal\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 olan h\u0259min xan\u0131m[36], b\u0259zi ehtimallara g\u00f6r\u0259, Atab\u0259yl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 hakim olmu\u015f \u015e\u0259ddadil\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259sind\u0259n olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Nizami valideynl\u0259rini erk\u0259n itirmi\u015fdir.[37] Atas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u0130ylas\u0131 anas\u0131 t\u0259rbiy\u0259l\u0259ndirmi\u015f, anas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra is\u0259 u\u015faq day\u0131s\u0131 Xoca \u00d6m\u0259rin himay\u0259sind\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[38]<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vl\u0259t\u015fah S\u0259m\u0259rq\u0259ndi (1438\u20141491) \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn “T\u0259zkir\u0259t \u0259t-\u015f\u00fc\u0259ra” adl\u0131 traktat\u0131nda (1487-ci ild\u0259 tamamlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r) Nizaminin, Qivami M\u00fct\u0259rrizi adl\u0131 \u015fair qarda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 qeyd etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

T\u0259hsili
\nYa\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Nizaminin parlaq t\u0259hsili olmu\u015fdur.[39] Nizaminin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 bel\u0259 hesab edilirdi ki, \u015fair m\u00fcxt\u0259lif f\u0259nnl\u0259r \u00fczrl\u0259 bilikli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin, buna baxmayaraq, Nizami \u00f6z savad\u0131 il\u0259 \u015fairl\u0259r aras\u0131nda se\u00e7il\u0259 bilmi\u015fdi: Nizaminin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri onun \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifahi v\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l b\u0259l\u0259d olmas\u0131na, riyaziyyat, astronomiya, astrologiya[40], \u0259lkimya, tibb, botanika, teologiya, Quran t\u0259fsiri, \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t, xristianl\u0131q, iudaizm[41], \u0130ran mifl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259ri[42], tarix, etika, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, ezoterika, musiqi v\u0259 t\u0259sviri s\u0259n\u0259ti[19][43] yax\u015f\u0131 bilm\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259lal\u0259t edir.<\/p>\n

Baxmayaraq ki, Nizamini m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 tez-tez “h\u0259kim” (m\u00fcdrik)[44] adland\u0131r\u0131rlar, o, F\u0259rabi, \u0130bn Sina v\u0259 S\u00fchr\u0259v\u0259rdi kimi filosof v\u0259 ya \u0130bn \u0259l-\u018fr\u0259bi v\u0259 \u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259zzaq \u0259l-Ka\u015fani kimi sufizm n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259\u00e7isi olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Buna baxmayaraq, daha sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif elm sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, qnosis v\u0259 teologiyan\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f Q\u00fctb\u0259ddin \u015eirazi v\u0259 Baba \u018ffz\u0259l Ka\u015fani kimi, \u0130slam f\u0259ls\u0259fi fikrinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 b\u0259l\u0259d olan filosof v\u0259 qnostik hesab edirl\u0259r.[45]<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259xsi h\u0259yat\u0131<\/p>\n

Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi \u015fah\u0131n q\u0259bulunda, 1570-ci il\u0259 aid miniat\u00fcr, Az\u0259rbaycan Tarix Muzeyi
\nNizaminin h\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox az m\u0259lumat saxlan\u0131lsa da, d\u0259qiq bilinir ki, o, saray \u015fairi olmam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu halda d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc itir\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259n qorxmu\u015f v\u0259 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 azad yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q imkan\u0131 arzulam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[46] Buna baxmayaraq, Nizami \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n olan h\u00f6kmdarlara h\u0259sr etmi\u015fdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, “Leyli v\u0259 M\u0259cnun” poemas\u0131n\u0131 Nizami, \u015firvan\u015faha, “Yeddi g\u00f6z\u0259l” poemas\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 Eld\u0259nizl\u0259rin r\u0259qibi A\u011fsunquril\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259sind\u0259n \u018fla\u0259ddin K\u00f6rp\u0259 Arslana ithaf etmi\u015fidr.[47]<\/p>\n

Nizami, b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131 boyunca G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 evl\u0259nmi\u015fdir.[48] \u015eairin ilk v\u0259 \u0259n sevimli h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Afaq adl\u0131 q\u0131p\u00e7aq qul olmu\u015fdur. Ona bir \u00e7ox \u015ferl\u0259r h\u0259sr ed\u0259n Nizami, “l\u0259yaq\u0259tli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131” adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Afaq, Nizamiy\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nt hakimi Dara M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259diyy\u0259 edilmi\u015f, Nizami is\u0259 onu azad ed\u0259r\u0259k evl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. 1174-c\u00fc ild\u0259 onlar\u0131n o\u011flan \u00f6vlad\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lmi\u015f v\u0259 \u015fair o\u011flunu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1178-1179-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 “Xosrov v\u0259 \u015eirin” poemas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 Afaq v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir. Nizaminin sonrak\u0131 iki h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 da vaxt\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l v\u0259fat etmi\u015f, onlar\u0131n h\u0259r birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u015fairin yeni epik poemas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamas\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr ki, bu m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259 Nizami yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r:<\/p>\n

”\t\u0130lahi, n\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u0259n h\u0259r poemaya g\u00f6r\u0259 bir h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 qurban verm\u0259liy\u0259m[49][50]\t”
\nNizami, siyasi qeyri-stabillik v\u0259 intensiv intellektual aktivlik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bu da onun \u015ferl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 poemalar\u0131nda \u0259ks olunmu\u015fdur. \u015eairin himay\u0259darlar\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti, \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin d\u0259qiq yaz\u0131lma tarixi haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar yoxdur, bilin\u0259n tarixl\u0259r is\u0259 Nizamid\u0259n sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f t\u0259zkir\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin verdiyi m\u0259lumatlardan \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir.[51] H\u0259l\u0259 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Nizami b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6rm\u0259t v\u0259 izz\u0259t sahibi olmu\u015fdur. Atab\u0259yl\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 Nizamini saraya d\u0259v\u0259t etmi\u015f, lakin, \u015fairin israrla imtina etmi\u015fdir, buna baxmayaraq, Nizamini m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s hesab ed\u0259n h\u00f6kmdar ona be\u015f min dinar v\u0259 14 k\u0259nd ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[52]<\/p>\n

Dini inanc\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Nizami s\u00fcnni m\u00fcs\u0259lman olmu\u015fdur.[53] \u015eairin do\u011fum tarixi kimi, v\u0259fat tarixi d\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259lidir. Nizaminin v\u0259fat tarixini qeyd ed\u0259n orta \u0259sr bioqraflar\u0131 bir-biri il\u0259 37 il (575\u2014613\/1180-1217) f\u0259rqi olan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. Haz\u0131rda d\u0259qiq olan yegan\u0259 m\u0259lumat odur ki, Nizami XIII \u0259srd\u0259 v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir.[54] Nizaminin v\u0259fat tarixinin hicri 605-ci il\u0259 (miladi 1208\/1209) uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259n tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Bertels t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015f \u0259r\u0259b dilli kitab\u0259yl\u0259 \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[55] \u015eairin v\u0259fat tarixi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ikinci m\u0259lumat is\u0259, Nizaminin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra ehtimal ki, onun o\u011flu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 “\u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rnam\u0259” poemas\u0131n\u0131n “\u0130qbalnam\u0259” adl\u0131 ikinci hiss\u0259sind\u0259 antik filosoflar Platon, Sokrat v\u0259 Aristotelin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fer\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 edilmi\u015f beytl\u0259rdir. Bu beytl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fairin ya\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u0259qvimin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015f v\u0259 buna uy\u011fun olaraq da, onun v\u0259fat tarixi hicri 598-ci (1201\/1202) il kimi hesablanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[56]<\/p>\n

”\tAltm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndan alt\u0131 ay q\u0259d\u0259r
\nKe\u00e7mi\u015fk\u0259n, ist\u0259di el\u0259sin s\u0259f\u0259r.
\nKe\u00e7mi\u015f aliml\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn,
\nO da onlar kimi yatacaq bir g\u00fcn.
\nMikay\u0131l Rzaquluzad\u0259nin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si\t”
\nYarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nNizami d\u00f6vr\u00fc fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, q\u0259dim k\u00f6kl\u0259r\u0259, \u0259z\u0259m\u0259t v\u0259 d\u0259bd\u0259b\u0259y\u0259 malik olmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurdur. Davaml\u0131 olaraq, \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f ed\u0259n yadelli xalqlar\u0131n t\u0259sirin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, islamaq\u0259d\u0259rki fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, musiqi, memarl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda z\u0259ngin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcifad\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri formala\u015fd\u0131raraq, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc saxlamaq, qism\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259k v\u0259 yad elementl\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rmaq x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik idi. Nizaminin d\u0259 sonuncu poemas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259sr etdiyi Makedoniyal\u0131 \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r, fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u0259sirin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 tarixi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir.[57] Nizami, \u015e\u0259rq m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi m\u0259hsulu idi. O, islamaq\u0259d\u0259rki v\u0259 islamdansonrak\u0131 \u0130ran, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0130ran v\u0259 Q\u0259dim d\u00fcnya aras\u0131nda k\u00f6rp\u00fc yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[58] Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi, Persiyan\u0131n periferiyas\u0131 olan Qafqazda ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaratmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, \u00f6z yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi olan vahid dil v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f fikri \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sin\u0259 sadiq qalm\u0131\u015f, “Yeddi g\u00f6z\u0259l” poemas\u0131nda is\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 “d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fcr\u0259yi” adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r[59][60][61][62][63]:<\/p>\n

”\t\u0130ran, bir \u00fcr\u0259kdir, bu al\u0259m b\u0259d\u0259n,
\nOlmaz x\u0259cal\u0259tli, bel\u0259 s\u00f6z dey\u0259n.
\n\u00c7\u00fcnki, \u00fcr\u0259yidir bu yerin \u0130ran,
\n\u00dcr\u0259k yax\u015f\u0131 olar b\u0259d\u0259nd\u0259n, inan!
\nOrijinal m\u0259tn (fars.) [gizl\u0259]
\n\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u062c\u0644
\n\u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f
\n\u062f\u0644 \u0632 \u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634
\nM\u0259mm\u0259d Rahimin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si[64]\t”
\n\u018fd\u0259bi t\u0259sir
\nProfessor \u00c7elkovskinin fikrinc\u0259, Firdovsinin “\u015eahnam\u0259” \u0259s\u0259rini oxumaq Nizaminin sevimli m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259ti olmu\u015fdur.[65] Q\u0259tran T\u0259brizi, S\u0259nai, F\u0259xr\u0259ddin \u018fs\u0259d Gurgani, T\u0259b\u0259ri kimi m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin Nizami yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131a t\u0259sir etm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, Firdovsi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fair \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas ilham m\u0259nb\u0259yi v\u0259 “\u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rnam\u0259” poemas\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u0259sas m\u0259nb\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. Nizami, \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 “\u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rnam\u0259”nin giri\u015find\u0259 tez-tez “\u015eahnam\u0259”y\u0259 istinad edir. Bel\u0259 hesab etm\u0259k olar ki, Firdovsinin \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 heyran olan Nizami, qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda h\u0259min \u0259s\u0259r\u0259 layiq olan epik poemalar yaratmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di qoymu\u015f v\u0259 h\u0259min poemalardan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn – “Xosrov v\u0259 \u015eirin”, “Yeddi g\u00f6z\u0259l” v\u0259 “\u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rnam\u0259”[66] – yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259nb\u0259 kimi “\u015eahnam\u0259”d\u0259n istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Nizami Firdovsini “h\u0259kim” – “m\u00fcdrik”, “daana” – “bilgin” v\u0259 orator s\u0259n\u0259tinin “s\u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259z\u0259 g\u0259lin kimi b\u0259z\u0259y\u0259n” b\u00f6y\u00fck ustad\u0131 adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, o\u011fluna “\u015eahnam\u0259”ni oxuma\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcdrik insan\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259rli fikirl\u0259rini yadda saxlama\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edirdi.[67] Yevgeni Bertelsin fikrin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259, “Nizami \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini Firdovsinin \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn hesab edir”, “palaz”\u0131 “ip\u0259y\u0259”, “g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f”\u00fc “q\u0131z\u0131l”a \u00e7evirdiyini bildirir.[68]<\/p>\n

XI \u0259sr fars \u015fairi F\u0259xr\u0259ddin \u018fs\u0259d Gurganinin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nizami yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Poemalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox s\u00fcjetl\u0259ri Firdovsi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan alan Nizami, poeziya yaz\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259ti, obrazl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 kompozisiya qurma texnikas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n Gurganid\u0259n alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu, “Xosrov v\u0259 \u015eirin” poemas\u0131nda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259, Gurganinin “Veys v\u0259 Ramin” poemas\u0131ndan \u0259sas s\u0259hn\u0259nin t\u0259krar\u0131 olan “A\u015fiql\u0259rin m\u00fcbahis\u0259si” s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bundan ba\u015fqa, Nizami poeman\u0131, Gurganinin d\u0259 poemas\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259z\u0259c b\u0259hrind\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Gurgani yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Nizami yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na t\u0259sirini h\u0259m d\u0259 ikincinin astrologiya elmin\u0259 olan mara\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 izah etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[69]<\/p>\n

\u0130lk monumental \u0259s\u0259ri olan “Sirl\u0259r x\u0259zin\u0259si”ni Nizami, S\u0259nainin “H\u0259diq\u0259t-\u00fcl-h\u0259qaiq” poemas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259siri il\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[70][71].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi (fars. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0648\u06cc; tam ad\u0131: \u018fbu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d C\u0259mal\u0259ddin \u0130lyas ibn Yusif; d. t\u0259xm. 1141, G\u0259nc\u0259, Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r (haz\u0131rk\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisi) \u2013 t\u0259xm. 1209, G\u0259nc\u0259) \u2014 D\u00fcnya \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tli Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkiri; Orta \u0259sr \u015f\u0259rqinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fairl\u0259rind\u0259n biri; farsdilli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi d\u0259 o, farsdilli poeziyan\u0131n klassiki, farsdilli epik \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30085"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30096,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30085\/revisions\/30096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}