{"id":30155,"date":"2019-04-09T11:00:25","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T07:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30155"},"modified":"2019-04-09T15:10:16","modified_gmt":"2019-04-09T11:10:16","slug":"mirz%c9%99-f%c9%99t%c9%99li-axundov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30155","title":{"rendered":"Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov (tam ad\u0131: Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 o\u011flu Axundov; az\u0259rb-\u0259r\u0259b: \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647) v\u0259 ya Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov (Axundzad\u0259) (12 iyul 1812, Nuxa, \u015e\u0259ki xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 9 mart 1878, Tiflis, Rusiya \u0130mperiyas\u0131) \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, maarif\u00e7isi, \u015fairi, materialist filosofu v\u0259 ictimai xadimi; Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidinin banisi, “m\u00fcs\u0259lman Molyeri” titulunun sahibi.[2] Axundov h\u0259m\u00e7inin romantik v\u0259 m\u00fcasir iran mill\u0259t\u00e7iliyinin s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259rind\u0259n biri idi.[3] Qafqaz Arxeologiya Komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri (1864-1878)[4]<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat\u0131
\nMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov 1812-ci ild\u0259 Nuxa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Atas\u0131 Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 anas\u0131 Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m 1814-c\u00fc ild\u0259 T\u0259briz yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 Xamn\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r. O, 13 ya\u015f\u0131nad\u0259k ail\u0259si il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1825-ci ild\u0259 anas\u0131 il\u0259 \u015e\u0259kiy\u0259 qay\u0131tm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. F\u0259t\u0259linin ruhani olmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259y\u0259n anas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259misi Axund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r 1832-ci ild\u0259 onu G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 apar\u0131r. G\u0259nc F\u0259t\u0259li burada m\u0259ntiq v\u0259 fiqh elml\u0259rini, habel\u0259 dahi Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fair v\u0259 filosofu Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259fi Vazehd\u0259n x\u0259ttatl\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259tini \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Lakin Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259finin g\u0259nc F\u0259t\u0259liy\u0259 t\u0259siri bununla bitmir. Bu g\u00f6ru\u015f Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, onun bir m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131na ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcasir elml\u0259ri il\u0259 maraqlanan F\u0259t\u0259li 1833-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015e\u0259kid\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f rus m\u0259kt\u0259bin\u0259 daxil olur v\u0259 bir il burada t\u0259hsil al\u0131r. 1834-c\u00fc ild\u0259 o, Tiflis\u0259 getmi\u015f, Qafqaz cani\u015fininin ba\u015f d\u0259ft\u0259rxanas\u0131nda m\u00fclki i\u015fl\u0259r sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq dill\u0259ri m\u00fct\u0259rcimi t\u0259yin olunmu\u015f v\u0259 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r bu v\u0259zif\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1873-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ona polkovnik h\u0259rbi r\u00fctb\u0259si verilmi\u015fdir. [5]<\/p>\n

1851-ci ild\u0259 Rus Co\u011frafiya C\u0259miyy\u0259ti Qafqaz \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fczv se\u00e7il\u0259n Axundov sonralar Qafqaz Arxeoqrafiya Komissiyas\u0131nda t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 c\u0259lb olunur. O, “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t vermi\u015f, onun s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 “V\u0259kili Mill\u0259ti-Nam\u0259lum” imzas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259rc etdirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun q\u0131z\u0131 Nis\u0259 xan\u0131m Xanbaba xan\u0131n h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov 1878-ci ild\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 v\u0259fat etmi\u015f v\u0259 k\u00f6hn\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman q\u0259birstanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (indiki Tbilisi botanika ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n G\u00f6rk\u0259mli Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar panteonu) d\u0259fn olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259n\u0131n realist s\u0259n\u0259tkar, dramatur\u00adgiya\u00adm\u0131\u00adz\u0131n banisi, \u015fair v\u0259 nasir kimi \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259sna xifm\u0259tl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259dibin 40 illik yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ictimai-siyasi, maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti z\u0259ngin v\u0259 \u00e7oxc\u0259h\u0259tlidir.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259ki \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 anadan olan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin atas\u0131 x\u0131rda ticar\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131, anas\u0131 is\u0259 \u015f\u0259kili Nan\u0259 xan\u0131md\u0131r. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Xamn\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259n olan Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 ticar\u0259tind\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlik yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131 v\u0259 iki ya\u015fl\u0131 F\u0259t\u0259lini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb Xamn\u0259y\u0259 qay\u0131tm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada \u0259rinin birinci arvad\u0131 il\u0259 daim m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259d\u0259 olan Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m d\u00f6rd il sonra \u0259rind\u0259n ayr\u0131l\u0131b F\u0259t\u0259li il\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Qaracada\u011f mahal\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0259misi Axund \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin yan\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015f, onun himay\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fdib \u00f6z t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-ha\u0131nda yaz\u0131r:\u201d M\u0259n bu tarixd\u0259n etibar\u0259n atamdan ayr\u0131l\u0131b bir daha onu g\u00f6rm\u0259dim. .. Bir ild\u0259n sonra \u00ad\u00adaxund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r m\u0259nim t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259m\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131…Bu axund \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r fazil bir \u015f\u0259xs olub. B\u00fct\u00fcn islam elml\u0259rind\u0259n, ist\u0259r fars, ist\u0259rs\u0259 \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 olsun, kamil m\u0259lumat\u0131 var idi. M\u0259ni \u00f6vladl\u0131\u011fa q\u0259bul etdi. M\u0259n xalq aras\u0131nda Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin o\u011flu kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldum.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u0259kk\u0259 ziyar\u0259rin\u0259 ged\u0259n Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r onu m\u0259ntiq v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f, Molla H\u00fcseyn adl\u0131 axunda tap\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259fi Vazehd\u0259n d\u0259 d\u0259rs alan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li m\u00fc\u0259lliminin t\u0259siri il\u0259 ruhani olmaq fikrind\u0259n da\u015f\u0131n\u0131b d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funa girm\u0259yi q\u0259rara al\u0131r. S\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n qay\u0131dan \u0259misi onun niyy\u0259tini bildikd\u0259 Tiflis\u0259 g\u0259tirib Qafqaz\u0131n ba\u015f hakimi Baron Rozenin d\u0259ft\u0259rxanas\u0131nda t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i \u015fagirdi v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259yin etdirmi\u015fdir. Burada o, rus dilini d\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f, i\u015find\u0259 bacar\u0131q v\u0259 s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259rk t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonanad\u0259k \u2013 44 il h\u0259min v\u0259zif\u0259d\u0259 u\u011furla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Rusiyan\u0131n orden v\u0259 medallar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130ran d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin ordenl\u0259rin\u0259 layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundzad\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il Tiflis q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 d\u0259rs demi\u015f, sonra \u00f6z xahi\u015fi il\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n azad olunaraq yerini m\u00fc\u0259llimi M.\u015e. Vazeh\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. O, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t Tiflis ruhani seminariyas\u0131nda da Az\u0259rbaycan dili m\u00fc\u0259llimi i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. D\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011fu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0130rana ged\u0259n Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u0259zi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259r zaman\u0131 xalq\u0131n g\u00fcz\u0259ran\u0131 il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015f, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn material toplam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n inzibati v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan Tiflis m\u00fchiti M.F.Axundzad\u0259nin \u0259d\u0259bi taleyind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131b. Burada A.Bak\u0131xanov, \u0130.Qutqa\u015f\u0131nl\u0131, M.\u015e.Vazeh, Q. Zakir, A,\u00c7av\u00e7avadze, A. Berje, A.A.Bestujev-Marlinski, A.Sereteli kimi g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259dibl\u0259r, ictimai-siyasi xadiml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q onun d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131na, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. O, bu m\u00fchitd\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m m\u00fctali\u0259 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015f, klassik \u015e\u0259rq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131, rus v\u0259 Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rind\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Rus dram teatr\u0131nda Avropa v\u0259 rus dramaturqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin tama\u015falar\u0131 M.F.Axundzad\u0259d\u0259 dramaturgiyaya v\u0259 teatra b\u00f6y\u00fck maraq oyatm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Dram s\u0259n\u0259tinin inc\u0259likl\u0259rini d\u0259rind\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n \u0259dib 1850-1855-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 alt\u0131 komediya yazmaqla \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131zda dramaturgiyan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. H\u0259min komediyalar m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u00f6z t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sind\u0259 rus dilind\u0259 \u201cKafkaz\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunub.<\/p>\n

Dramaturq kimi \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259n M.F.Axundovun \u201cM\u00fcsy\u00f6 Jordan v\u0259 d\u0259rvi\u015f M\u0259st\u0259li \u015fah\u201d komediyas\u0131 1851-ci ild\u0259 Peterburqda ev teatr\u0131nda , \u201cX\u0131rs quldurbasan\u201d v\u0259 \u201cV\u0259zir-xani L\u0259nk\u0259ran\u201d komediyalar\u0131 is\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259ki rus teatr\u0131nda tama\u015faya qoyulmu\u015f, tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131 r\u0259\u011fb\u0259ti qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundov axund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin q\u0131z\u0131 Nan\u0259 xan\u0131mla evl\u0259nmi\u015f, bu izdivacdan olan \u00f6vladlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6rp\u0259 ya\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ail\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259rin k\u0259d\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. \u00d6vladlar\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z o\u011flu R\u0259\u015fid b\u0259y v\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131 Nis\u0259 xan\u0131m uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t ya\u015faya bilmi\u015fdir. Axund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra onun ail\u0259sini himay\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011fundan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maa\u015fdan ba\u015fqa g\u0259lir m\u0259nb\u0259yi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maddi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundzad\u0259 Qafqaz cani\u015fininin yan\u0131ndak\u0131 n\u00fcfuzundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00e7ar hakiml\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f Q.Zakirin v\u0259 \u00f6vladlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259bsd\u0259n, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnd\u0259n azad olunmas\u0131na nail olmu\u015fdur. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Qaraba\u011f\u0131n son hakimi Mehdiqulu xan\u0131n arvad\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131 Nat\u0259van\u0131n irsl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hakimi Cavad xan Ziyadxan o\u011flunun \u00e7ar qo\u015funlar\u0131 l\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 h\u0259lak olmas\u0131ndan sonra, onun mal-m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn bir hiss\u0259sinin varisl\u0259rin\u0259 qaytar\u0131lmas\u0131na nail olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundzad\u0259nin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck arzular\u0131ndan biri \u0259r\u0259b \u0259lifbas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k idi. Bu arzusunu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259dib yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki: \u201c\u018ffsus, min \u0259fsus ki, n\u0259 \u0130randa, n\u0259 Osmanl\u0131da islam xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 xalq\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi xatirin\u0259 islam \u0259lifbas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259dil\u0259r ki, bu vasit\u0259 il\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259halisi qad\u0131nl\u0131-ki\u015fili bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 ba\u015fdan-ba\u015fa savadl\u0131 olsunlar v\u0259 bu vasit\u0259 il\u0259 Avropan\u0131n haz\u0131rk\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn elml\u0259ri bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ilin \u0259rzind\u0259 islam xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilsin v\u0259 elml\u0259rin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 islam xalqlar\u0131 xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik yoluna \u00e7\u0131xs\u0131nlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 xalq\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisin\u0259 h\u0259sr ed\u0259n M.F. Axundzad\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r x\u0259st\u0259likd\u0259n sonra 1878-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259fat etmi\u015f, \u00f6z v\u0259siyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimi M.\u015e. Vazehin q\u0259bri yan\u0131nda d\u0259fn olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

\u018ftrafl\u0131
\nMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259n\u0131n realist s\u0259n\u0259tkar, dramatur\u00adgiya\u00adm\u0131\u00adz\u0131n banisi, \u015fair v\u0259 nasir kimi \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259sna xifm\u0259tl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259dibin 40 illik yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ictimai-siyasi, maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti z\u0259ngin v\u0259 \u00e7oxc\u0259h\u0259tlidir.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259ki \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 anadan olan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin atas\u0131 x\u0131rda ticar\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131, anas\u0131 is\u0259 \u015f\u0259kili Nan\u0259 xan\u0131md\u0131r. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Xamn\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259n olan Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 ticar\u0259tind\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlik yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131 v\u0259 iki ya\u015fl\u0131 F\u0259t\u0259lini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb Xamn\u0259y\u0259 qay\u0131tm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada \u0259rinin birinci arvad\u0131 il\u0259 daim m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259d\u0259 olan Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m d\u00f6rd il sonra \u0259rind\u0259n ayr\u0131l\u0131b F\u0259t\u0259li il\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Qaracada\u011f mahal\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0259misi Axund \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin yan\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015f, onun himay\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fdib \u00f6z t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-ha\u0131nda yaz\u0131r:\u201d M\u0259n bu tarixd\u0259n etibar\u0259n atamdan ayr\u0131l\u0131b bir daha onu g\u00f6rm\u0259dim. .. Bir ild\u0259n sonra \u00ad\u00adaxund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r m\u0259nim t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259m\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131…Bu axund \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r fazil bir \u015f\u0259xs olub. B\u00fct\u00fcn islam elml\u0259rind\u0259n, ist\u0259r fars, ist\u0259rs\u0259 \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 olsun, kamil m\u0259lumat\u0131 var idi. M\u0259ni \u00f6vladl\u0131\u011fa q\u0259bul etdi. M\u0259n xalq aras\u0131nda Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin o\u011flu kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldum.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u0259kk\u0259 ziyar\u0259rin\u0259 ged\u0259n Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r onu m\u0259ntiq v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f, Molla H\u00fcseyn adl\u0131 axunda tap\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259fi Vazehd\u0259n d\u0259 d\u0259rs alan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li m\u00fc\u0259lliminin t\u0259siri il\u0259 ruhani olmaq fikrind\u0259n da\u015f\u0131n\u0131b d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funa girm\u0259yi q\u0259rara al\u0131r. S\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n qay\u0131dan \u0259misi onun niyy\u0259tini bildikd\u0259 Tiflis\u0259 g\u0259tirib Qafqaz\u0131n ba\u015f hakimi Baron Rozenin d\u0259ft\u0259rxanas\u0131nda t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i \u015fagirdi v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259yin etdirmi\u015fdir. Burada o, rus dilini d\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f, i\u015find\u0259 bacar\u0131q v\u0259 s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259rk t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonanad\u0259k \u2013 44 il h\u0259min v\u0259zif\u0259d\u0259 u\u011furla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Rusiyan\u0131n orden v\u0259 medallar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130ran d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin ordenl\u0259rin\u0259 layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundzad\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il Tiflis q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 d\u0259rs demi\u015f, sonra \u00f6z xahi\u015fi il\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n azad olunaraq yerini m\u00fc\u0259llimi M.\u015e. Vazeh\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. O, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t Tiflis ruhani seminariyas\u0131nda da Az\u0259rbaycan dili m\u00fc\u0259llimi i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. D\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011fu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0130rana ged\u0259n Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u0259zi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259r zaman\u0131 xalq\u0131n g\u00fcz\u0259ran\u0131 il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015f, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn material toplam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n inzibati v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan Tiflis m\u00fchiti M.F.Axundzad\u0259nin \u0259d\u0259bi taleyind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131b. Burada A.Bak\u0131xanov, \u0130.Qutqa\u015f\u0131nl\u0131, M.\u015e.Vazeh, Q. Zakir, A,\u00c7av\u00e7avadze, A. Berje, A.A.Bestujev-Marlinski, A.Sereteli kimi g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259dibl\u0259r, ictimai-siyasi xadiml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q onun d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131na, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. O, bu m\u00fchitd\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m m\u00fctali\u0259 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015f, klassik \u015e\u0259rq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131, rus v\u0259 Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rind\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Rus dram teatr\u0131nda Avropa v\u0259 rus dramaturqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin tama\u015falar\u0131 M.F.Axundzad\u0259d\u0259 dramaturgiyaya v\u0259 teatra b\u00f6y\u00fck maraq oyatm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Dram s\u0259n\u0259tinin inc\u0259likl\u0259rini d\u0259rind\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n \u0259dib 1850-1855-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 alt\u0131 komediya yazmaqla \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131zda dramaturgiyan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. H\u0259min komediyalar m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u00f6z t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sind\u0259 rus dilind\u0259 \u201cKafkaz\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunub.<\/p>\n

Dramaturq kimi \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259n M.F.Axundovun \u201cM\u00fcsy\u00f6 Jordan v\u0259 d\u0259rvi\u015f M\u0259st\u0259li \u015fah\u201d komediyas\u0131 1851-ci ild\u0259 Peterburqda ev teatr\u0131nda , \u201cX\u0131rs quldurbasan\u201d v\u0259 \u201cV\u0259zir-xani L\u0259nk\u0259ran\u201d komediyalar\u0131 is\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259ki rus teatr\u0131nda tama\u015faya qoyulmu\u015f, tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131 r\u0259\u011fb\u0259ti qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundov axund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin q\u0131z\u0131 Nan\u0259 xan\u0131mla evl\u0259nmi\u015f, bu izdivacdan olan \u00f6vladlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6rp\u0259 ya\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ail\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259rin k\u0259d\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. \u00d6vladlar\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z o\u011flu R\u0259\u015fid b\u0259y v\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131 Nis\u0259 xan\u0131m uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t ya\u015faya bilmi\u015fdir. Axund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra onun ail\u0259sini himay\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011fundan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maa\u015fdan ba\u015fqa g\u0259lir m\u0259nb\u0259yi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maddi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundzad\u0259 Qafqaz cani\u015fininin yan\u0131ndak\u0131 n\u00fcfuzundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00e7ar hakiml\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f Q.Zakirin v\u0259 \u00f6vladlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259bsd\u0259n, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnd\u0259n azad olunmas\u0131na nail olmu\u015fdur. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Qaraba\u011f\u0131n son hakimi Mehdiqulu xan\u0131n arvad\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131 Nat\u0259van\u0131n irsl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hakimi Cavad xan Ziyadxan o\u011flunun \u00e7ar qo\u015funlar\u0131 l\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 h\u0259lak olmas\u0131ndan sonra, onun mal-m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn bir hiss\u0259sinin varisl\u0259rin\u0259 qaytar\u0131lmas\u0131na nail olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundzad\u0259nin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck arzular\u0131ndan biri \u0259r\u0259b \u0259lifbas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k idi. Bu arzusunu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259dib yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki: \u201c\u018ffsus, min \u0259fsus ki, n\u0259 \u0130randa, n\u0259 Osmanl\u0131da islam xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 xalq\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi xatirin\u0259 islam \u0259lifbas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259dil\u0259r ki, bu vasit\u0259 il\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259halisi qad\u0131nl\u0131-ki\u015fili bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 ba\u015fdan-ba\u015fa savadl\u0131 olsunlar v\u0259 bu vasit\u0259 il\u0259 Avropan\u0131n haz\u0131rk\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn elml\u0259ri bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ilin \u0259rzind\u0259 islam xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilsin v\u0259 elml\u0259rin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 islam xalqlar\u0131 xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik yoluna \u00e7\u0131xs\u0131nlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 xalq\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisin\u0259 h\u0259sr ed\u0259n M.F. Axundzad\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r x\u0259st\u0259likd\u0259n sonra 1878-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259fat etmi\u015f, \u00f6z v\u0259siyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimi M.\u015e. Vazehin q\u0259bri yan\u0131nda d\u0259fn olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

B\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nAxundov b\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015feirl\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r (“S\u0259buhi” t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259). O, Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda azad d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259sidir. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ictimai, sosial v\u0259 siyasi sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 radikal islahatlar\u0131n l\u00fczumlulu\u011fu fikrini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdi.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda teatr s\u0259n\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131nda rolu<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun 150 illiyi m\u00fcnasib\u0259til\u0259 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015f SSR\u0130 po\u00e7t markas\u0131 (1958).
\nM.F.Axundzad\u0259 1850-1855-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur alt\u0131 komediyas\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaqla n\u0259inki Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 Balkanlardan Hindistana q\u0259d\u0259rki t\u00fcrk-m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda dramaturgiyan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. B\u00f6y\u00fck ustad bu komediyalar il\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq al\u0259mind\u0259 dram yazma\u011f\u0131n n\u00fcmun\u0259sini g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bunu h\u0259r k\u0259s q\u0259bul edir ki, t\u00fcrk-m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda dramaturgiya Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir.[6]<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan teatr\u0131 Axundzad\u0259nin \u00f6lm\u0259z komediyalar\u0131 z\u0259minind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1873-c\u00fc ild\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259nb\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirovla birlikd\u0259 Bak\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rinin birind\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur \u00abHac\u0131 Qara\u00bb \u0259s\u0259rinin tama\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00fcmum\u0259n t\u00fcrk-m\u00fcs\u0259lman al\u0259mind\u0259 teatr h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun komediyalar\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n timsal\u0131nda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259hn\u0259 obrazlar\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131b. XIX \u0259srd\u0259 teatr s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259hn\u0259d\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fcb dan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k h\u00fcn\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. Zaman\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 bu b\u00f6y\u00fck i\u015fi d\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259nin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini s\u0259hn\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaqla Az\u0259rbaycan maarif\u00e7il\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259yi bacarm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundovun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 teatr\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n\u0131n diqq\u0259tini \u00e7ox tez c\u0259lb etdi. 1852-ci ilin avqustunda Alman jurnal\u0131 Magazin f\u00fcr die Literatur des Auslandes (Xarici \u0259d\u0259biyyat jurnal\u0131) yaz\u0131rd\u0131: “Fikirl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k olard\u0131 ki, Transqafqaz\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halisi \u0130slam ruhuna uy\u011fun olaraq bel\u0259 yenilikl\u0259r\u0259 (teatra) h\u0259l\u0259 uzun zaman yad qalacaqlar, lakin onlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan q\u0259fl\u0259t\u0259n dramatik dahi meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131, Tatar Molyeri, hans\u0131n\u0131n ki, ad\u0131 onun \u00f6lk\u0259sinin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259n k\u0259narda da diqq\u0259t\u0259 layiqdir. O Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovdur”. [7]<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundzad\u0259 1837-ci ild\u0259 – 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda ik\u0259n \u00abPu\u015fkinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq poemas\u0131\u00bbn\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 d\u0259rhal da rus dilind\u0259 \u00abMoskovskiy nablyudatel\u00bb jurnal\u0131nda \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdir. O, Aleksandr Pu\u015fkinin faci\u0259li \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00e7ar\u0131n \u0259li oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn susma\u011fa m\u0259cbur olmu\u015f rus \u015fairl\u0259rini x\u0259cal\u0259td\u0259n qurtarm\u0131\u015f, Rusiya \u0259dibl\u0259rinin v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259zif\u0259sini yerin\u0259 yetirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

2012-ci ild\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131 ad\u0131na “Az\u0259rbaycanfilm” kinostudiyas\u0131nda Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun haqq\u0131nda bioqrafik b\u0259dii film \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015fdir. “S\u00fcbh\u00fcn s\u0259firi” adlanan filmin m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin 200 illik yubileyi m\u00fcnasib\u0259til\u0259 ekranlara \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. [8]<\/p>\n

Din haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259fi bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/p>\n

Axundovun Tbilisi botanika ba\u011f\u0131nda q\u0259bir\u00fcst\u00fc abid\u0259si [9]
\nAxundovun n\u0259z\u0259ri-estetik fikirl\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fchitin, tan\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259td\u0259 oldu\u011fu m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n, oxudu\u011fu klassik v\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259siri olmu\u015fdur. Homer, Firdovsi, Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi, S\u0259di \u015eirazi, Uilyam \u015eekspir, Cami, Pu\u015fkin v\u0259 s. kimi klassikl\u0259rin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l bilm\u0259si onun s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkar haqq\u0131nda estetik z\u00f6vq\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundovun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, s\u0259n\u0259t haqq\u0131nda fikir v\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n onun ”K\u0259mal\u00fcdd\u00f6vl\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131” adl\u0131 f\u0259ls\u0259fi traktat\u0131nda, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u201cF\u00f6hristi-kitab\u201d(1859), \u201cN\u0259zm v\u0259 n\u0259sr haqq\u0131nda\u201d(1859), \u201cT\u0259nqid risal\u0259si\u201d(1860), \u201c\u0130ran\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k mill\u0259t q\u0259zet\u0259si haqq\u0131nda kritika\u201d (1866), \u201cMirz\u0259 A\u011fan\u0131n pyesl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda kritika\u201d(1871) v\u0259 s. bu kimi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 realizm, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 (tendensiya), b\u0259diilik v\u0259 onun meyarlar\u0131, m\u0259zmun v\u0259 forma v\u0259hd\u0259ti, ideya v\u0259 m\u00fcasirlik, t\u0259nqid v\u0259 onun \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti v\u0259 s. bu kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 fikir v\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fd\u0259biyyat tariximizd\u0259 dramaturgiyan\u0131n, realist b\u0259dii n\u0259srin, \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidin ilk n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rini yaradan Axundov h\u0259min janrlar\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri-estetik prinsipl\u0259rini d\u0259 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. B\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259bi v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259ri irsind\u0259 \u0259n ba\u015fl\u0131ca meyar s\u0259n\u0259tin, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n real h\u0259yat\u0131 n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u0259ks etdirm\u0259si, idraki v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259vi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti, xalq h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsil vasit\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fm\u0259k, xalqa m\u0259xsus elmi v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi irsi m\u00fchafiz\u0259 etm\u0259yi bacarmaq, t\u0259r\u0259qqiy\u0259 mane olan h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 amans\u0131z m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259lini daim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u0259n, qay\u011f\u0131land\u0131ran m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. El\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 o, \u0259lifban\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yi bu yolda at\u0131lan \u0259n vacib amill\u0259rd\u0259n biri say\u0131rd\u0131. [10]<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov Az\u0259rbaycan tarixind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq h\u0259m materializm h\u0259m d\u0259 dini t\u0259nqid bax\u0131m\u0131dan \u00f6z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 v\u0259 bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n\u0259mli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259tmi\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirmi\u015f dahi \u015f\u0259xsdir. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130slami Radikalizm, \u015e\u0259rqi despotizm (m\u00fctl\u0259q hakimiyy\u0259tlilik) v\u0259 azad d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rin s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n haqqlar\u0131n\u0131 tapdalayan a\u011f\u0131r \u015e\u0259rq feodalizmi t\u0259nqid edilir. [11] Axundov Dinin elml\u0259 birg\u0259 ola bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini, dinl\u0259 elmin qar\u015f\u0131durmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259svir edir v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin, Asiya xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259min d\u00f6vr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan cahilliyini, geriliyini onlar\u0131n dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri v\u0259 laz\u0131ms\u0131z ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fda\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r : [11]<\/p>\n

”\t\u0130slam dini meydana \u00e7\u0131xan g\u00fcnd\u0259n haz\u0131rk\u0131 \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 elml\u0259rin dur\u011funlu\u011funun, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli despotizmin (t\u0259khakimiyy\u0259tlilik) \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, Asiya xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 laqeydlik v\u0259 etinas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini he\u00e7 k\u0259s ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259mi\u015fdi. Bu c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259kc\u0259 Firdovsi m\u00fcst\u0259snal\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil edir v\u0259 o \u00f6z d\u00fchas\u0131 il\u0259, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 k\u0259\u015ff ed\u0259 bilmi\u015fdi ki, \u015e\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n bu q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck b\u0259db\u0259xtliyinin s\u0259b\u0259bi \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n insan h\u0259yat\u0131na uy\u011funla\u015fmayan m\u0259nfur dinidir.[11][12]\t”
\nAxundovun materializmi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 metafizikan\u0131n v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u00fcst\u00fc q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 inkar edilir :<\/p>\n

”\tD\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 maddidir, t\u0259bi\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif predment v\u0259 prosesl\u0259ri vahid v\u0259 h\u0259r\u015feyi \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259b\u0259di v\u0259 sonsuz maddi substansiyan\u0131n t\u0259zah\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259bidir ; M\u00f6vcud olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir t\u0259bi\u0259t\u00fcst\u00fc, metafizik varl\u0131\u011fa ehtiyac\u0131 yoxdur.[11]\t”
\nOnun materialist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 substantiv f\u0259ls\u0259fi doktrinas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259r\u015feyin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi madd\u0259dir. D\u00fcnya maddidir v\u0259 kainat da madd\u0259d\u0259n yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

”\tH\u0259r \u015feyin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi madd\u0259dir. Madd\u0259 orjinald\u0131r v\u0259 onun yaranmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fqa s\u0259b\u0259b\u0259 ehtiyac oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fcr\u0259m. M\u0259n m\u0259kan v\u0259 zaman\u0131n obyektivliyini q\u0259bul edir\u0259m. Zaman v\u0259 m\u0259kan obyektivdir, madd\u0259 is\u0259 onun aksesuarlar\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259ki h\u0259r bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin Allah\u0131n irad\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildiyi doktrinas\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259dd edir\u0259m. T\u0259bi\u0259t \u00f6z qanunlar\u0131na uy\u011fun olaraq inki\u015faf edir. Bunda \u015fans \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir yer yoxdur, bu da, h\u0259r yerd\u0259 ciddi rifaha s\u0259b\u0259b olur.[12]\t”
\n”\tBilinc v\u0259 ruh madd\u0259nin m\u0259hsuludur, madd\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil olaraq ya\u015faya bilm\u0259z. Ruh, n\u0259 olursa olsun, b\u0259d\u0259nsiz, y\u0259ni b\u0259d\u0259n olmadan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z, nec\u0259 ki a\u011fl\u0131 da beyinsiz t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k olmaz. Ruhun v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn dini doktrinas\u0131na is\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131yam.[12]\t”
\n\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri
\nPoema:<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259rq poemas\u0131 (1837)
\nPyesl\u0259r:<\/p>\n

Hekay\u0259ti Molla \u0130brahim-X\u0259lil Kimyag\u0259r (1850)
\nHekay\u0259ti M\u00fcsy\u00f6 Jordan H\u0259kimi-N\u0259batat v\u0259 D\u0259rvi\u015f M\u0259st\u0259li \u015eah Cad\u00fckuni M\u0259\u015fhur (1850)
\nS\u0259rg\u00fcz\u0259\u015fti-v\u0259ziri-xani-L\u0259nk\u0259ran (1850)
\nHekay\u0259ti X\u0131rsi-Quldurbasan (1851)
\nS\u0259rg\u00fcz\u0259\u015fti M\u0259rdi-X\u0259sis (Hac\u0131 Qara) (1852)
\nM\u00fcrafi\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259rinin hekay\u0259ti (1855)
\nSatirik povest:<\/p>\n

Aldanm\u0131\u015f K\u0259vakib (Hekay\u0259ti-Yusif \u015fah) (1857)
\nM\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r:<\/p>\n

F\u0259hristi-kitab (1859)
\nN\u0259zm v\u0259 n\u0259sr haqq\u0131nda (1862)
\nT\u0259nqid risal\u0259si (1862)
\nK\u0259mal\u00fcdd\u00f6vl\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131 (1865)
\n\u018fs\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llifi kimi<\/p>\n

Hac\u0131 Qara (film, 1929) (tammetrajl\u0131 b\u0259dii film)
\nD\u0259rvi\u015f Parisi partlad\u0131r (film, 1976) (tammetrajl\u0131 b\u0259dii film)
\nAldanm\u0131\u015f ulduzlar (opera, 1977)
\nHac\u0131 Qara (film, 2002) (tammetrajl\u0131 b\u0259dii film)
\nM\u00fcrafi\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259rinin hekay\u0259ti (film, 2011) (film-tama\u015fa)
\n\u0130ksir (film, 2014) (“Hekay\u0259ti Molla \u0130brahim-X\u0259lil Kimyag\u0259r” \u0259s\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda)<\/p>\n

Haqq\u0131nda \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n filml\u0259r<\/p>\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131-maarif\u00e7i (film, 1938)) (q\u0131sametrajl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dli film)
\nS\u0259buhi (film, 1941) (tammetrajl\u0131 b\u0259dii film)[13]
\n150 il. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov (film, 1962)) (q\u0131sametrajl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dli film)
\nMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov (film, 1972)) (q\u0131sametrajl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dli film)
\nMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov (film, 1982)) (q\u0131sametrajl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dli film)
\nS\u00fcbh\u00fcn s\u0259firi (film, 2012) (tammetrajl\u0131 b\u0259dii film)
\n\u018fd\u0259biyyat
\n\u0130brahimov M. Niy\u0259siz, nec\u0259siz, bir yaz\u0131san s\u0259n kitab\u0131nda. Bak\u0131: Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, 1985, 195 s.
\nQas\u0131mov M. M.F.Axundov v\u0259 XIX \u0259srin inqilabi-demokratik estetikas\u0131. Bak\u0131: 1954, 150 s.
\nQas\u0131mzad\u0259 F. M.F.Axundovun h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bak\u0131: 1962, 150 s.
\nSad\u0131qov M. Axundov Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li. Bak\u0131: 1987, 200 s.
\nK\u0259ng\u0259rli A. M.F.Axundov v\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259nb\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi: \u00dcmm\u0259t\u00e7ilikd\u0259n mill\u0259t\u00e7iliy\u0259 ke\u00e7idin ba\u015flanmas\u0131. “Yeni Az\u0259rbaycan”, 2003, 11 may.
\nQafarov N. M.F.Axundzad\u0259 komediyalar\u0131n\u0131n dili v\u0259 milli g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri. “M\u0259d\u0259ni-Maarif”, 2002, \u21168-9, s.40-41.
\n\u0413\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0427. \u0424\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0424\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 (\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d). \u041c.: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, 1983, 463 \u0441\u0442\u0440.
\n\u0422\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0421. \u041c.\u0424.\u0410\u0445\u0443\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430. \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0443: 1991, 50 \u0441\u0442\u0440.
\n\u015eahbaz \u015eam\u0131o\u011flu (Musayev). Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259nin g\u00fcrc\u00fc m\u00fcasirl\u0259ri (monoqrafiya),B., M\u00fct\u0259rcim, 2012, 116 s.
\nwww.anl.az\/down\/meqale\/525\/2012\/iyun\/73.htm
\n\u0130stinadlar
\n Opera in Azerbaijan by Azer Rezayev , Winter 1997 (5.4) P. 70-71
\n Aqafangel Kr\u0131mski \u0422\u044e\u0440\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \/\/ \u042d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442. \u2014 \u041c., 1927. \u2014 \u0422. 41, \u0427.X. \u2014 \u0421. 365. (rus)
\n Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition (New York: Columbia University Press), 1995, page 27-28 Orijinal m\u0259tn (ing.) [null [gizl\u0259t]] In his glorification of the pre-Islamic greatness of Iran, before it was destroyed at the hands of the “hungry, naked and savage Arabs, “Akhundzada was one of the forerunners of modern Iranian nationalism, and of its militant manifestations at that.
\n [1]
\n Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet Ensiklopediyas\u0131. I cild
\n Xo\u015f g\u00f6rd\u00fck, Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li!
\n Islam in Modern Drama and Theatre
\n M.F.Axundova h\u0259sr olunan \u201cS\u00fcbh\u00fcn s\u0259firi\u201d filminin t\u0259qdimat\u0131 ke\u00e7irilib<\/p>\n

Tiflisd\u0259 Axundov, Vazeh v\u0259 Xoyskinin m\u0259zar\u0131<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n