{"id":34689,"date":"2020-02-20T08:00:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T04:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=34689"},"modified":"2020-02-20T08:41:08","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T04:41:08","slug":"ustadim-d%c9%99rvis-yunus-%c9%99mr%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=34689","title":{"rendered":"Ustad\u0131m D\u0259rvi\u015f Yunus \u018fMR\u018f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yunus \u018fmr\u0259<\/strong> (d.1238<\/a> Sarayk\u00f6y, Milhal\u0131\u00e7\u00e7\u0131q, \u018fski\u015f\u0259h\u0259r – \u00f6.1321<\/a> Sarayk\u00f6y, Milhal\u0131\u00e7\u00e7\u0131q, \u018fski\u015f\u0259h\u0259r) \u2014 Anadoluda t\u00fcrkc\u0259 \u015feirin banil\u0259rind\u0259n biri[7]<\/a><\/sup>; sufi; \u0130slam filosofu; t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcf<\/a> v\u0259 xalq \u015fairi; T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkiri. 1991-ci ild\u0259 UNESCO<\/a> t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin 750 illik yubileyi qeyd olunmu\u015fdur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259yat\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tapd\u0131q \u018fmr\u0259 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox az \u015fey m\u0259lum olan Yunus \u018fmr\u0259, Rum sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> da\u011f\u0131lma\u011fa v\u0259 Anadolunun[10]<\/a><\/sup> m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259ylikl\u0259rin<\/a> yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 13-c\u00fc \u0259srin ortalar\u0131ndan[11]<\/a><\/sup> Osmanl\u0131 b\u0259yliyinin<\/a> yaranma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 14-c\u00fc \u0259srin ilk r\u00fcb\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r M\u0259rk\u0259zi Anadolu h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lmi\u015f v\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u015fair v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259ndir<\/a>. Yunus \u018fmr\u0259, Hac\u0131 B\u0259kta\u015f V\u0259li<\/a> D\u0259rgah\u0131nda[12]<\/a><\/sup> oldusa da[13]<\/a><\/sup>, onu “Bizim Yunus” ed\u0259n m\u0259n\u0259vi y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015fini Hac\u0131 B\u0259kta\u015f V\u0259linin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi Tapd\u0131q \u018fmr\u0259<\/a> D\u0259rgah\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 d\u0259rgahda xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.[14]<\/a><\/sup> Yunus \u018fmr\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t d\u0259rgahda odun\u00e7uluq f\u0259aliyytil\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015fdur.[4]<\/a><\/sup>[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dig\u0259r m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yunusun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259r, Anadolunun Monqol ax\u0131n v\u0259 ya\u011fmalar\u0131, daxili m\u00fcharib\u0259 v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259, siyasi n\u00fcfuz z\u0259ifliyi, habel\u0259 q\u0131tl\u0131q v\u0259 quraql\u0131qla p\u0259ri\u015fan oldu\u011fu ill\u0259rdir.[10]<\/a><\/sup> 13-c\u00fc \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131, yaln\u0131z siyasi \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin deyil, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259zh\u0259b v\u0259 inanclar\u0131n, batini v\u0259 m\u00f6t\u0259zili n\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin d\u0259 yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtd\u0131r.[10]<\/a><\/sup> Bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259, M\u00f6vlan\u0259 C\u0259lal\u0259ddin Rumi<\/a>[4]<\/a><\/sup>, Hac\u0131 B\u0259kta\u015f V\u0259li, Ahi \u018fvran V\u0259li<\/a> kimi elm v\u0259 irfan \u0259hli il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Yunus \u018fmr\u0259, Allah sevgisi[16]<\/a><\/sup>, m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l \u0259xlaqla ba\u011fl\u0131 fikirl\u0259ri, \u0130slam t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcf\u00fc v\u0259 s. m\u00f6vzular\u0131 m\u0259nims\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0259fat\u0131[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yunus \u018fmr\u0259, “Risal\u0259tun-Nushiyy\u0259” adl\u0131 m\u0259sn\u0259visinin sonunda bel\u0259 bir c\u00fcml\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r:“S\u00f6z\u0259 tarix yeddi y\u00fcz yeddi idi, Yunus can\u0131 bu yolda fidiidi.[17]<\/a><\/sup>“<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu c\u00fcml\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n iddia olunur ki, Yunus \u018fmr\u0259 H.<\/a> 707 (M.<\/a> 1307<\/a>\/8<\/a>) tarixl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259yatda olmu\u015fdur. Adnan \u018frzi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n B\u0259yazid D\u00f6vl\u0259t Kitabxanas\u0131nda tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 7912 n\u00f6mr\u0259li \u0259lyazmada bel\u0259 qeyd edilmi\u015fdir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“V\u0259fat\u0131 Yunus \u018fmr\u0259
M\u00fcdd\u0259ti-\u00d6m\u00fcr 82
\u0130l 720[17]<\/a><\/sup>[18]<\/a><\/sup>“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0259n\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin H. 720-ci ild\u0259 (M. 1320-1) v\u0259fat etdiyi v\u0259 bu tarixd\u0259n 82 il \u0259vv\u0259l H. 648-ci ild\u0259 (M. 1240\/41) do\u011fulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia olunur.[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259zar\u0131[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u018fsas m\u0259qal\u0259: Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin m\u0259zar\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Qax\u0131n Oncall\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259ki Hac\u0131 Tapd\u0131q v\u0259 \u015eeyx Yunus ziyar\u0259tgah\u0131nda<\/a> Yunus \u018fmr\u0259y\u0259 aid oldu\u011fu iddia edil\u0259n m\u0259zar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin m\u0259zar\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edil\u0259n[3]<\/a><\/sup> bir \u00e7ox t\u00fcrb\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259zar vard\u0131r: T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259: \u018fski\u015f\u0259h\u0259r ilinin Mihal\u0131\u00e7\u00e7\u0131q il\u00e7\u0259sinin Sar\u0131k\u00f6y k\u0259ndi (indiki Yunus \u018fmr\u0259 b\u0259ld\u0259si); Qaraman ilind\u0259ki Yunus \u018fmr\u0259 m\u0259scidinin<\/a> h\u0259y\u0259ti; Bursa; A\u011fsaray ilinin Ortak\u00f6y il\u00e7\u0259sinin R\u0259\u015fadiy\u0259 k\u0259ndi; \u00dcny\u0259; Manisan\u0131n Kula ilinin \u018fmr\u0259 k\u0259ndi; \u018frzurum ilinin Dut\u00e7u (Dut\u00e7u[19]<\/a><\/sup>, Tuzcu[20]<\/a><\/sup> v\u0259 ya D\u00fczc\u00fc[21]<\/a><\/sup>) k\u0259ndi; Sparta ilinin G\u00f6n\u0259n v\u0259 ya Ke\u00e7iborlu il\u00e7\u0259si; Afyonkarahisar ilinin Sand\u0131ql\u0131 il\u00e7\u0259si[22]<\/a><\/sup>; Sivas yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir yolun \u00fcst\u00fc, Toqat\u0131n Niksar il\u00e7\u0259si v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda Qax rayonunun<\/a> Oncall\u0131<\/a> k\u0259ndind\u0259ki O\u011fuz q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131.[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0259yyah \u00d6vliya \u00c7\u0259l\u0259binin<\/a> S\u0259yah\u0259tnam\u0259<\/a> \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Qaraman<\/a> il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq “Kiri\u015f\u00e7i Ata M\u0259scidi h\u0259y\u0259tind\u0259 Yunus \u018fmr\u0259 H\u0259zr\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u0259zar\u0131 vard\u0131r.”[24]<\/a><\/sup> dey\u0259 yaz\u0131r. \u018fski\u015f\u0259h\u0259rin Sar\u0131k\u00f6y (indiki Yunus \u018fmr\u0259) k\u0259ndind\u0259 Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin t\u00fcrb\u0259si oldu\u011fu iddia edil\u0259n sah\u0259d\u0259ki t\u00fcrb\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0130stiqlaliyy\u0259t M\u00fcyarib\u0259si zaman\u0131 yunanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n u\u00e7urlsa da, 1948-ci ild\u0259<\/a> \u0259razid\u0259 yenid\u0259n t\u00fcrb\u0259 tikilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t edilmi\u015fdir.[4]<\/a><\/sup> 1949-cu ild\u0259<\/a> t\u00fcrb\u0259 tikilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 apar\u0131lan qaz\u0131nt\u0131larda, 15 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 aid skeletl\u0259r tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.[24]<\/a><\/sup> Qaz\u0131nt\u0131 apar\u0131lan sah\u0259d\u0259 skeletl\u0259rin s\u0259th\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u0131n bir n\u00f6qt\u0259d\u0259 olmas\u0131, \u0259razinin q\u0259dim bir q\u0259bir yeri oldu\u011fu bar\u0259d\u0259 ciddi \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259l\u0259r do\u011furmu\u015fdur. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n b\u0259rpa i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n sonra 6 may 1949-cu ild\u0259 t\u00fcrb\u0259nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259hs edil\u0259n 23 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si ad\u0131ndan 20 d\u0259n\u0259sinin haz\u0131rda Qaraman rayonu s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n k\u0259nd, q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259, abid\u0259 adlar\u0131 il\u0259 eyni olmas\u0131n\u0131 Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin hal-haz\u0131rda Qaraman olaraq adland\u0131r\u0131lan ilin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri daxilind\u0259ki b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b v\u0259 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ola bil\u0259c\u0259yi iddias\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r.[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yunus Emre: A\u015fk\u0131n sesi<\/a> filminin afi\u015fas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fl\u0259diyi m\u00f6vzularla Anadoluda inki\u015faf ed\u0259n T\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n say\u0131lan Yunus \u018fmr\u0259, yaln\u0131z xalq v\u0259 t\u0259kk\u0259 poeziyas\u0131na deyil, divan \u015feirin\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sir etmi\u015fdir.[16]<\/a><\/sup> Heca<\/a> v\u0259 \u0259ruz v\u0259znl\u0259rind\u0259<\/a> yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259ti \u0259sas tutmu\u015fdur.[17]<\/a><\/sup> T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcfl\u0259, \u0130slam il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar misralar\u0131nda insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc, \u0259\u015fyalarla, Allahla olan m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u00f6vzusunda yazm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm, do\u011fum, h\u0259yata ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q, \u0130lahi \u0259dal\u0259t, insan sevgisi kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fczakir\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259rinin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u00fcsx\u0259si m\u00f6vcuddur: Fateh, Nuru-Osmaniy\u0259, Y\u0259hya \u018ff\u0259ndi, Q\u0259r\u0259man, Bal\u0131q\u0259sir, Niyazi M\u0131sri v\u0259 Bursa n\u00fcsx\u0259l\u0259ri.[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Divan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin \u015feirl\u0259ri bir Divanda toplanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[10]<\/a><\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup> \u015eeirl\u0259r \u0259ruz v\u0259 heca v\u0259znl\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risal\u0259tun-Nushiyy\u0259<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u018fsas m\u0259qal\u0259: Risal\u0259tun-Nushiyy\u0259<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ad\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131 “N\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259r kitab\u0131”d\u0131r. Didaktik \u0259s\u0259rdir.[25]<\/a><\/sup> \u018fmr\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rin sonunda bel\u0259 bir c\u00fcml\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r:“S\u00f6z\u0259 tarix yeddi y\u00fcz yeddi idi,
Yunus can\u0131 bu yolda fidiidi.[17]<\/a><\/sup>“<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu c\u00fcml\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u0259s\u0259ri H. 707-ci ild\u0259 (M.<\/a> 1307<\/a>\/8<\/a>) yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia olunur.[7]<\/a><\/sup>[26]<\/a><\/sup>[27]<\/a><\/sup> \u018fs\u0259r, m\u0259sn\u0259vi t\u0259rzind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 573 beytd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Dini, t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcfi v\u0259 \u0259xlaqi m\u0259zmunludur.[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fmr\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259nas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Anadoluda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ozanlar\u0131n, a\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 d\u0259rvi\u015fin ad\u0131nda olan \u018fmr\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fc t\u00fcrkc\u0259d\u0259 “A\u015fiq” m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verir. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn \u0130mr\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li oldu\u011fu q\u0259bul edilir. T\u00fcrk-monqol dill\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259rman, a\u011f\u0131z, qad\u0131nl\u0131q, i\u015far\u0259 bildir\u0259n (Am\/\u018fm\/Em\/\u0130m) k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259n Amramaq\/\u018fmr\u0259m\u0259q\/\u0130mr\u0259m\u0259q fell\u0259ri “a\u015fiq olmaq” dem\u0259kdir. \u018fmr\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 a\u015fiq m\u0259nas\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.[29]<\/a><\/sup> Amra\u011f\/Amra\/\u018fmr\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Anadoluda “imr\u0259m\u0259k” v\u0259 “imr\u0259nm\u0259k” feill\u0259ri bir \u015feyi \u00e7ox sevm\u0259k, qibt\u0259 etm\u0259k, h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q ist\u0259m\u0259k m\u0259nalar\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.[30]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259td\u0259<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259r<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2009-cu ild\u0259 t\u0259dav\u00fcl\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f 200 T\u00fcrk lir\u0259sinin<\/a> arxa \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 Yunus \u018fmr\u0259nin porteti v\u0259 Vyanadak\u0131<\/a>Yunus \u018fmr\u0259 \u00c7e\u015fm\u0259sinin<\/a> \u015f\u0259kli \u0259ks olunmu\u015fdur.[31]<\/a><\/sup>[32]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r Palan\u0131n Yunus \u018fmr\u0259d\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n Od roman\u0131n\u0131n sonuncu n\u0259\u015frinin \u00fcz qab\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n