{"id":48794,"date":"2024-08-22T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=48794"},"modified":"2024-08-22T15:25:47","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T11:25:47","slug":"z%c9%99hra-h%c9%99simova-vill-kimlikanin-multikultural-v%c9%99t%c9%99ndasliq-%c9%99s%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=48794","title":{"rendered":"Z\u0259hra H\u018f\u015e\u0130MOVA.”V\u0130LL KIMLIKANIN “MULT\u0130KULTURAL V\u018fT\u018fNDA\u015eLIQ” \u018fS\u018fR\u0130”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u018fd\u0259biyyat Portal\u0131n\u0131n Sumqay\u0131t B\u00fcrosunun R\u0259hb\u0259ri<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Getdikc\u0259 qloballa\u015fan d\u00fcnyada multikulturalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 siyasi v\u0259 sosial diskursun m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f, m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin v\u0259 qloballa\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyi bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 multikulturalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259sas prinsip kimi meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu sah\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu m\u00fcasir filosoflardan biri multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00f6vzusundak\u0131 i\u015fi liberal demokratiyalar daxilind\u0259 azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 inteqrasiyas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda d\u0259rin fikirl\u0259r t\u0259klif ed\u0259n Vill Kimlikad\u0131r. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli Kanada siyasi filosofu Vill Kimlika multikulturalizmin d\u0259rk edilm\u0259sin\u0259, multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si vasit\u0259sil\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r vermi\u015fdir. Kimlikan\u0131n \u201cMultikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin birlik v\u0259 sosial birlik hissini qoruyark\u0259n m\u0259d\u0259ni pl\u00fcralizmin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259blikl\u0259rind\u0259 nec\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 f\u0259rdl\u0259rin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na, statuslar\u0131na v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 dair d\u0259y\u0259rli fikirl\u0259r t\u0259qdim edir. M\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259liflikl\u0259ri homogenl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n assimilyasiya\u00e7\u0131 yana\u015fman\u0131n \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, Kimlika ictimai sah\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, dill\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 kimlikl\u0259r\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t ed\u0259n v\u0259 onlara uy\u011funla\u015fan multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q formas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir. Onun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni \u00fczvl\u00fcy\u00fcn f\u0259rdi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin v\u0259 rifah\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259nb\u0259yi olmas\u0131 fikri dayan\u0131r. Kimlika iddia edir ki, f\u0259rdl\u0259r dominant m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik v\u0259 ya m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni irsini qorumaq, ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k h\u00fcququna malik olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi liberal n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt f\u0259rdi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini laqeyd edir. O, qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si olmadan f\u0259rdl\u0259rin \u00f6z \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 mane ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini iddia etm\u0259kl\u0259 qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n klassik liberal t\u0259nqidin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, dilin qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 dini t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r h\u00fcquqi tan\u0131nma v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n m\u0259d\u0259ni kimliyin vacib komponentl\u0259ridir. Liberalizmin bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yenid\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q haqq\u0131nda daha geni\u015f bir anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Onun fikrinc\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259t multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda h\u0259lledici rol oynay\u0131r. Kimlika ictimai sferan\u0131n inteqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n, onlar\u0131n g\u00f6rm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tinin v\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, dil h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif tarixl\u0259ri v\u0259 perspektivl\u0259ri \u0259ks etdir\u0259n t\u0259hsil kurikulumlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni ifad\u0259l\u0259rin h\u00fcquqi m\u00fcdafi\u0259si \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 ola bil\u0259r.
Kimlika azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131na dil, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 muxtariyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olma\u011fa imkan ver\u0259n \u201cpolietnik h\u00fcquqlar\u201d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iddia qald\u0131r\u0131r. Bu h\u00fcquqlar liberal demokratik \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259 azl\u0131q icmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni f\u0259rqliliyini v\u0259 kollektiv \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sini qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib hesab olunur. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259ki \u0259sas arqumentl\u0259rin m\u00fch\u00fcm aspekti inteqrasiya v\u0259 assimilyasiya aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rqdir. Assimilyasiya azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n dominant m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 uy\u011fun olmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b etdiyi halda, inteqrasiya birg\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 h\u00f6rm\u0259ti t\u0259\u015fviq edir. Kimlikan\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, sa\u011flam multikultural demokratiya azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni kimlikl\u0259rini qoruyub saxlad\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 eyni zamanda mill\u0259tin v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u0259yat\u0131nda tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015ftirak etdikl\u0259ri bir tarazl\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bu bax\u0131\u015f sosial harmoniyaya k\u00f6m\u0259k edir v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi milli s\u0259rv\u0259t kimi qeyd edir. Kimlikan\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131 vur\u011fulayan liberal prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. O, iddia edir ki, multikulturalizm\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 ictimai \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f kimi deyil, demokratik h\u0259yat\u0131 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir f\u00fcrs\u0259t kimi baxmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Kimlika azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n iki kateqoriyas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir: milli azl\u0131qlar (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, yerli xalqlar) v\u0259 etnik qruplar (immiqrantlar v\u0259 onlar\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri). Onun t\u0259hlili m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni qruplar\u0131n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 onlara t\u0259qdim edilm\u0259li olan m\u00fcvafiq h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 nec\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 inc\u0259likli anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir.
Kimlika f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 multikultural c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259rdl\u0259rin ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik v\u0259 ya marginalla\u015fma il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni kimlikl\u0259rini qoruyub ifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259si ideyas\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. M\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259 v\u0259 ya m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yi kimi deyil, c\u0259miyy\u0259ti z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rli s\u0259rv\u0259t kimi tan\u0131nmal\u0131 oldu\u011fu fikrind\u0259 olan Kimlika, eyni zamanda azl\u0131qlar\u0131n eyni zamanda \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni irsini qoruyark\u0259n mill\u0259tin sosial, siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi h\u0259yat\u0131nda tam i\u015ftirak etm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n bir \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 yaratma\u011f\u0131n vacibliyini vur\u011fulay\u0131r. Onun fikrinc\u0259, liberal demokratik d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r h\u0259qiqi \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rliy\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rqli m\u0259d\u0259ni kimlikl\u0259rini tan\u0131mal\u0131 v\u0259 onlara uy\u011fun g\u0259lm\u0259lidir.\u201dMultikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q\u201d n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 azl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. O, f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlar v\u0259 qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq qoyur v\u0259 bildirir ki, azl\u0131qlar\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri daha b\u00f6y\u00fck c\u0259miyy\u0259t daxilind\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rini, institutlar\u0131n\u0131 saxlamaq h\u00fcququna malik olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin b\u0259rab\u0259r i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 tam v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacibdir. Kimlikan\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259sas aspektl\u0259rind\u0259n biri dil h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na vur\u011fu v\u0259 azl\u0131qlar\u0131n dill\u0259rinin multikultural c\u0259miyy\u0259tin ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259si kimi tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. O, t\u0259klif edir ki, azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131na dil h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n verilm\u0259si t\u0259kc\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 sosial inteqrasiya v\u0259 birliyi t\u0259\u015fviq edir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, Kimlika yerli xalqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259 konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, onlar\u0131n \u00f6z i\u015fl\u0259rini idar\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 daha geni\u015f siyasi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini qorumaq h\u00fcququna malik olmalar\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulay\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rin \u0259sas t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri onun multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q kontekstind\u0259 f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlar v\u0259 qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq qoymas\u0131d\u0131r. Liberal demokratiyalar \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulasa da, Kimlika azl\u0131qlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin c\u0259miyy\u0259t daxilind\u0259 tam i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qrup \u0259sasl\u0131 h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n z\u0259ruri oldu\u011funu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir.
\u018fs\u0259r f\u0259rdi muxtariyy\u0259tin liberal prinsipin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. O, f\u0259rdl\u0259rin h\u0259yatlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259nal\u0131 se\u00e7iml\u0259r etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni irsin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015fa ehtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia edir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin qorunmas\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 f\u0259rdl\u0259rin muxtar v\u0259 m\u0259nal\u0131 h\u0259yat s\u00fcrm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan yaratmaqd\u0131r. Bu, onun azl\u0131q h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 iki kateqoriyaya t\u0259snif etm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r: daxili (qrupa xas h\u00fcquqlar) v\u0259 xarici (\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259etm\u0259 h\u00fcquqlar\u0131). Daxili h\u00fcquqlar qruplara \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rini s\u0259rb\u0259st \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir, xarici h\u00fcquqlar is\u0259 onlara m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 siyasi muxtariyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olma\u011fa imkan verir. Kimlika multikulturalizmin asanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda d\u00f6vl\u0259tin rolunu vur\u011fulay\u0131r. O, iddia edir ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 qoruyan deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi f\u0259al \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259n siyas\u0259t h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259lidir. Buraya dil h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, siyasi institutlarda t\u0259msil\u00e7ilik v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rin d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si daxildir. Bununla d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin sosial qurulu\u015fa verdiyi t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259ri etiraf edir v\u0259 sosial birliyi g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, Kimlika multikulturalizmin sosial birliyi pozdu\u011fu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Onun fikrinc\u0259, h\u0259qiqi multikultural c\u0259miyy\u0259t m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin harmonik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 birlikd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu daha z\u0259ngin m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t v\u0259 icma hissini inki\u015faf etdir\u0259 bil\u0259r. Kimlikan\u0131n sosial \u0259dal\u0259ti m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n f\u0259rdi azadl\u0131qlara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259n daha geni\u015f liberal \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259si il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u018fs\u0259rin ictimai strukturlar v\u0259 siyas\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rin t\u0259siri var. Bu, immiqrasiya siyas\u0259tl\u0259rinin, t\u0259hsil kurikulumlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 sosial inteqrasiya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rinin yenid\u0259n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259kan verir. Onun n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri azl\u0131qlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t edildiyi v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259ndiyi inkl\u00fcziv m\u00fchit yaratma\u011fa t\u0259\u015fviq edir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259hsil sisteml\u0259ri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t tarixl\u0259rini v\u0259 perspektivl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qruplar aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 h\u00f6rm\u0259t v\u0259 anla\u015fman\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n kurrikulumdan faydalana bil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, Kimlikan\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f dialoqunun v\u0259 demokratik i\u015ftirak\u0131n vacibliyini vur\u011fulay\u0131r. O hesab edir ki, azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etm\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si onlara n\u0259inki g\u00fcc verir, h\u0259m d\u0259 siyasi diskursu z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirir.
\u018fs\u0259rd\u0259ki \u0259sas anlay\u0131\u015flardan biri, bir \u00e7ox m\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 milli, etnik v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni qruplardan ibar\u0259t oldu\u011funu q\u0259bul ed\u0259n \u201c\u00e7oxmill\u0259tli v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q\u201d ideyas\u0131d\u0131r. Kimlika iddia edir ki, bu qruplar daha b\u00f6y\u00fck siyasi icma daxilind\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259k h\u00fcququna, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 muxtariyy\u0259t h\u00fcququna malikdir. Bu yana\u015fma m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 sosial birlik v\u0259 siyasi sabitlik ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kimlikan\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259ki \u0259sas m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri multikultural c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlar v\u0259 qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tarazl\u0131q \u0259traf\u0131nda f\u0131rlan\u0131r. Kimlika liberal demokratiyalar\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015f\u0131 kimi f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n vacibliyini q\u0259bul ets\u0259 d\u0259, o, m\u0259d\u0259ni kimlikl\u0259ri qorumaq v\u0259 t\u0259crid olunmu\u015f icmalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sosial \u0259dal\u0259ti t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kollektiv dil h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 ya yerli xalqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259etm\u0259 kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ruri ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir. H\u00fcquqlara bu n\u00fcansl\u0131 yana\u015fma m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259rdi muxtariyy\u0259t v\u0259 qrup maraqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259ni tan\u0131y\u0131r. Kimlika f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015f\u0131 qruplar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n diferensialla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u00fcquqlar konsepsiyas\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 iki n\u00f6v azl\u0131qlar\u0131 f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilir: milli azl\u0131qlar v\u0259 immiqrant qruplar\u0131. Yerli xalqlar v\u0259 ya f\u0259rqli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik tarixi icmalar (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Kanadada Kvebeka) kimi milli azl\u0131qlar \u00f6z unikal m\u0259d\u0259ni kimlikl\u0259rini qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259etm\u0259 h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirl\u0259r. Bu h\u00fcquqlara \u0259razi muxtariyy\u0259ti v\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etm\u0259k s\u0259lahiyy\u0259ti daxil ola bil\u0259r. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, immiqrant qruplar\u0131, bir qayda olaraq, m\u0259d\u0259ni irsl\u0259rinin aspektl\u0259rini qoruyaraq daha geni\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 inteqrasiya etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu qruplar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Kimlika polietnik h\u00fcquqlar\u0131,o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n dil h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, dini yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259\u015fkilatlara d\u0259st\u0259yi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir. Bu t\u0259dbirl\u0259r immiqrantlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni kimlikl\u0259rini t\u0259rk etm\u0259d\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 tam i\u015ftirak etm\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259min etm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Kimlika m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015find\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259, multikultural c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 sosial \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin vacibliyini d\u0259 vur\u011fulay\u0131r v\u0259 iddia edir ki, azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131, b\u0259rab\u0259r imkanlardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259d\u0259ni tan\u0131nma, maddi resurslar v\u0259 siyasi g\u00fccl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimlikan\u0131n yana\u015fmas\u0131 yaln\u0131z h\u00fcquqi statusa \u0259saslanan \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na meydan oxuyur v\u0259 bunun \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n inkl\u00fcziv v\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q formalar\u0131na ehtiyac\u0131 da m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir.
Kimlikan\u0131n multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si m\u0259d\u0259ni \u00fczvl\u00fck v\u0259 milli kimliyin dinamikas\u0131n\u0131 da ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Onun fikrinc\u0259, f\u0259rdl\u0259r \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini se\u00e7m\u0259k v\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar statusuna x\u0259l\u0259l g\u0259tirm\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 m\u0259d\u0259ni icmalarda i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k h\u00fcququna malik olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni fonlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q vizyonunu t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259kl\u0259, o f\u0259rdl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini qoruyark\u0259n \u00f6z \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini s\u0259rb\u0259st ifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bildiyi daha inkl\u00fcziv v\u0259 vahid c\u0259miyy\u0259ti inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kimlikan\u0131n yana\u015fmas\u0131 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliy\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259tin liberal demokratik prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulayaraq liberalizmi m\u0259d\u0259ni pl\u00fcralizml\u0259 uzla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. O, m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlara x\u0259l\u0259l g\u0259tirm\u0259diyini, \u0259ksin\u0259 f\u0259rdi muxtariyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131mi kontekst t\u0259min etm\u0259kl\u0259 onlar\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir. Bununla bel\u0259, Kimlika m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u00fcquqlara da m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r qoyur v\u0259 t\u0259kid edir ki, onlar f\u0259rdl\u0259rin \u0259sas h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 ya d\u00f6vl\u0259tin demokratik \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sini pozmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
N\u0259z\u0259ri c\u0259lbediciliyin\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u0259s\u0259r xeyli m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259nqidl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. B\u0259zi t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r iddia edirl\u0259r ki, qruplar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n differensialla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u00fcquqlar ayr\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259, f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 praktikas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259han\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k bir m\u0259d\u0259ni relativizm formas\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259ni qruplar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na vur\u011fu etm\u0259k ist\u0259r-ist\u0259m\u0259z m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin \u0259sas\u00e7\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259 v\u0259 f\u0259rdi muxtariyy\u0259t\u0259 x\u0259l\u0259l g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259r. Dig\u0259rl\u0259ri onun milli azl\u0131qlar v\u0259 immiqrant qruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rqinin h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q b\u0259sit oldu\u011funu v\u0259 m\u00fcasir multikultural c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259blikl\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edir, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin potensial mahiyy\u0259tc\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 f\u0259rdi h\u00fcquqlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 narahatl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 edibl\u0259r. ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n praktikada, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 \u00e7ox m\u00fcxt\u0259lif v\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 alt\u0131na al\u0131rlar. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, multikultural siyas\u0259tl\u0259rin praktiki h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si tez-tez m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni qruplar aras\u0131nda siyasi m\u00fcqavim\u0259t v\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259r d\u0259 daxil olmaqla mane\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Kimlika bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131 q\u0259bul edir v\u0259 davaml\u0131 dialoq v\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlara ehtiyac oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulayaraq multikultural siyas\u0259tl\u0259rin d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n sosial dinamikaya uy\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir.
Bu t\u0259nqidl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u0259s\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur v\u0259 indi d\u0259 multikulturalizm, azl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00f6vzusunda m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259ri formala\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa davam edir. Onun m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin v\u0259 liberal demokratiyan\u0131n uy\u011funlu\u011funa dair t\u0259kidl\u0259ri 21-ci \u0259srd\u0259 multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00f6hk\u0259m \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 t\u0259klif edir. Kimlikan\u0131n ideyalar\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t, inkl\u00fczivlik v\u0259 t\u0259msil m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin daim m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu m\u00fcasir multikultural c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 aktuald\u0131r. Onun qrup h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 vur\u011fu etm\u0259si \u0259dal\u0259tli r\u0259ftar v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni kimlikl\u0259rin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259binin artmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. M\u0259d\u0259ni f\u0259rqliliyi itirm\u0259d\u0259n inteqrasiyan\u0131 prioritetl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kl\u0259, c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r f\u0259rdi azadl\u0131qlar v\u0259 kollektiv kimlikl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n inkl\u00fcziv \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259rin qurulmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, Kimlikan\u0131n yana\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni qruplar aras\u0131nda anla\u015fma v\u0259 q\u0259bulun g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsilin vacibliyini vur\u011fulay\u0131r. C\u0259miyy\u0259tin pl\u00fcralist t\u0259bi\u0259tini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n t\u0259hsil sisteml\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 h\u00f6rm\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynaya bil\u0259r.
\u201cMultikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259d\u0259ni c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenid\u0259n t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259lbedici \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 t\u0259klif ed\u0259r\u0259k liberal demokratiyalar daxilind\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259lbedici bir bax\u0131\u015f vur\u011fulay\u0131r. Qruplar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n diferensialla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259 f\u0259rdi muxtariyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259d\u0259ni \u00fczvl\u00fcy\u00fcn vacibliyini vur\u011fulayaraq, Kimlika m\u0259d\u0259ni pl\u00fcralizmin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini liberal demokratiya prinsipl\u0259ri il\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan azl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na n\u00fcansl\u0131 bir yana\u015fma t\u0259klif edir. Onun i\u015fi daha inkl\u00fcziv v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259ri, aliml\u0259ri v\u0259 f\u0259allar\u0131 ruhland\u0131rma\u011fa v\u0259 onlara meydan oxuma\u011fa davam edir. C\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r multikulturalizmin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bliyi il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparma\u011fa davam etdikc\u0259, onun fikirl\u0259ri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif icmalarda ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rini v\u0259 imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259y\u0259rli b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7ilik edir. Dialoq, empatiya v\u0259 inkl\u00fczivliy\u0259 sadiqlik vasit\u0259sil\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn aidiyy\u0259t hissini a\u015f\u0131layaraq \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li kimlikl\u0259rini qeyd ed\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r yaratmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u018fd\u0259biyyat Portal\u0131n\u0131n Sumqay\u0131t B\u00fcrosunun R\u0259hb\u0259ri Getdikc\u0259 qloballa\u015fan d\u00fcnyada multikulturalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 siyasi v\u0259 sosial diskursun m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f, m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin v\u0259 qloballa\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyi bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 multikulturalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259sas prinsip kimi meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu sah\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu m\u00fcasir filosoflardan biri multikultural v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00f6vzusundak\u0131 i\u015fi liberal demokratiyalar daxilind\u0259 azl\u0131q qruplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 inteqrasiyas\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48798,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48794\/revisions\/48798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=48794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=48794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}