{"id":7693,"date":"2014-02-12T05:39:57","date_gmt":"2014-02-12T05:39:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=7693"},"modified":"2014-02-12T05:39:57","modified_gmt":"2014-02-12T05:39:57","slug":"rovs%c9%99n-m%c9%99mm%c9%99dov-usaq-n%c9%99srind%c9%99-q%c9%99hr%c9%99man-problemi-m%c9%99qal%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=7693","title":{"rendered":"R\u00f6v\u015f\u0259n M\u018fMM\u018fDOV.”U\u015faq n\u0259srind\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259man problemi” (M\u0259qal\u0259)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"262573_160980487313494_4010249_n\"<\/a><\/p>\n

R.M.M\u0259mm\u0259dov
\nSumqay\u0131t D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti Az\u0259rbaycan dili v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259drisi metodikas\u0131 kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi <\/p>\n

U\u015eAQ N\u018fSR\u0130ND\u018f Q\u018fHR\u018fMAN PROBLEM\u0130 (1970-80-C\u0130 \u0130LL\u018fR)
\nA\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131, q\u0259hr\u0259man, xarakter<\/p>\n

\u0130.V.Stalinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u201cSovetl\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259ti\u201dnd\u0259 ged\u0259n ideoloji prosesl\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyatda g\u00fccl\u00fc rezonans do\u011furdu, ideal axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 azad v\u0259 tamamil\u0259 ba\u015fqa m\u0259craya y\u00f6n\u0259ldi. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n bu prosesl\u0259r sosializm n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u00f6z daxilind\u0259 kommunizm c\u0259miyy\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 utopik fikirl\u0259r z\u0259minind\u0259 c\u0259r\u0259yan edirdis\u0259 d\u0259, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n yazarlar xalq h\u0259yat\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir, onun \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259ri g\u0259l\u0259n, h\u0259l\u0259 safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itirm\u0259mi\u015f d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00fcz tutur, bunu \u201csosializm humanizmi\u201d prinsipl\u0259ri il\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. H\u0259yat h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rinin bu tip ideya v\u0259 idealla x\u0259b\u0259rdar edilm\u0259si \u00e7ox zaman \u201ckompromis\u201d n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r verir, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus n\u0259sr poetikalar\u0131 do\u011fururdu. (1, s\u0259h. 23)
\nH\u0259l\u0259 sovet yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n II \u00dcmumittifaq qurultay\u0131nda (1954-c\u00fc il 15-26 dekabr) c\u0259miyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat\u0131nda, ideya v\u0259 psixoloji ger\u00e7\u0259kliyind\u0259 \u201cayazla\u015fma d\u00f6vr\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn ba\u015f verm\u0259sind\u0259n b\u0259hs olunurdu. Lakin \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitin diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 dayanan probleml\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t q\u0259hr\u0259man, sovet insan\u0131n\u0131n obraz\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259z\u0259m\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259ks etdirm\u0259k v\u0259 s. m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6n\u0259mli yer tuturdu.
\nXalq \u015fairi S\u0259m\u0259d Vur\u011fun qurultayda \u0259d\u0259biyyat haqq\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259ri m\u0259ruz\u0259 il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etdi. O, m\u00fcsb\u0259t q\u0259hr\u0259man problemi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 dayan\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, \u201cm\u00fcsb\u0259t q\u0259hr\u0259man b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcsb\u0259tliyi il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r s\u0259hv d\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 bu s\u0259hvl\u0259r\u0259 bigan\u0259 qala bilm\u0259z\u201d.(2)
\nQ\u0259hr\u0259mana bu prizmadan yana\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda yeni insan\u0131n t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm\u00fc, sosializm realizminin d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si dem\u0259k idi. Lakin bu problemi bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6zm\u0259k qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcdl\u0259ri, t\u0259nqid qorxusu b\u0259dii s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 yeni insan obraz\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin h\u0259llind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259dd yarad\u0131rd\u0131. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u0130lyas \u018ff\u0259ndiyev yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201c\u0130ndiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u0259zi t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b edirdil\u0259r ki, q\u0259hr\u0259man g\u0259r\u0259k \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 tamam \u201cyuyulub t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f\u201d halda \u00e7\u0131xs\u0131n, y\u0259ni onun s\u0259hvl\u0259ri \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q d\u00fcz\u0259lsin. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, onun n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131n\u0131 da t\u0259bii olaraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259lidir\u201d.(3)
\nBu problem Az\u0259rbaycan Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n XVII plenumunda (1953-c\u00fc il 26-28 dekabr) daha \u0259trafl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131. Bel\u0259 ki, plenumun \u0259sas m\u00f6vzusu \u201ckonfliktsizlik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si\u201d, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti, ona d\u0259y\u0259n z\u0259r\u0259r v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r oldu. Bu da tamamil\u0259 \u0259sasl\u0131 v\u0259 z\u0259ruri idi. \u00c7\u00fcnki 40-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin sonu 50-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda sovet ger\u00e7\u0259kliyini \u00fczd\u0259n, saxta yollarla t\u0259svir ed\u0259n \u00e7ox sayda \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas, dramaturq C.M\u0259cnunb\u0259yov yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cT\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, bizd\u0259 el\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, pyesl\u0259rd\u0259 zavod direktorlar\u0131 eyni idi, raykom katibl\u0259ri eyni idi, kolxoz s\u0259drl\u0259ri eyni idi, h\u0259tta sevgil\u0259ri d\u0259 eyni olurdu\u201d.(4)
\nC\u0259miyy\u0259tin yenil\u0259\u015fm\u0259si prosesi Sov. \u0130KP MK-n\u0131n XX qurultay\u0131ndan (1956-c\u0131 il 14-25 fevral) sonra daha intensiv xarakter ald\u0131. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Sov. \u0130KP MK-n\u0131n \u201c\u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u0259 p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f v\u0259 onun n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini aradan qald\u0131rmaq haqq\u0131nda\u201d q\u0259rar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 (1956 30 iyun) v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi m\u0259tbuat s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259rc olunan silsil\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130.V Stalinin \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin\u0259 p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015fin z\u0259r\u0259rli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri pisl\u0259nib t\u0259nqid edildi. Bu \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin yeni bir problemi kimi meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb etdi. \u00d6lk\u0259nin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 bu q\u0259rar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.
\nD\u00fcnya arenas\u0131nda v\u0259 Sovetl\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 ged\u0259n bu prosesl\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin tamamil\u0259 yeni istiqam\u0259td\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na z\u0259min yaratd\u0131. Bu s\u0259pkid\u0259 yeni-yeni \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131 v\u0259 milli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131za yeni, g\u0259nc yazarlar n\u0259sli daxil oldu. Bu yazarlar yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259sas diqq\u0259ti partiya v\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat h\u0259yat\u0131na deyil, birba\u015fa insana, onun daxili al\u0259min\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltdil\u0259r. Art\u0131q \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 insan\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259n \u00e7ox, onun daxili al\u0259min\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilirdi v\u0259 burada insan sad\u0259 \u0259m\u0259k qabaqc\u0131l\u0131 deyil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin birba\u015fa subyekti olan ziyal\u0131 idi. S\u00f6hb\u0259t \u2013 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u0259, f\u0259rd\u0259, m\u0259nv\u0259i-psixoloji \u201cdaxil\u0259\u201d, \u201ci\u00e7\u0259\u201d artan b\u0259dii maraqdan gedir, m\u0259n\u0259vi potensial\u0131 bir ba\u015fa \u201cictimai sistem v\u0259 struktur\u201d kimi yox, daha \u0259vv\u0259l vicdani, etik s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259t, \u0259xlaq mehrab\u0131 kimi a\u00e7an b\u0259dii t\u0259hlil v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatdan gedir\u201d.(5, s\u0259h. 24)
\nYeni d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda insan kollektiv d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n, kollektiv f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n t\u0259k tipli mexanizmin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 deyil, \u0259ksin\u0259 ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq insan faktoru art\u0131q \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 \u201chomo sovetikus\u201ddan f\u0259rqli yeni \u00abd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n insan\u00bb modeli hekay\u0259 v\u0259 romanlarda \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131na mane olan \u201ckonfliktsizlik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si\u201d u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na da neqativ t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. Hadis\u0259 v\u0259 predmetin zahiri t\u0259sviri, b\u0259dii konfliktin b\u0259sitliyi, obrazlar\u0131n qeyri-kamilliyi bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 yaranan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin ba\u015fl\u0131ca n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131 kimi n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arp\u0131rd\u0131.
\nBel\u0259likl\u0259, 60-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, milli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z t\u0259kc\u0259 sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n son, t\u00fck\u0259dilm\u0259si m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259sini verm\u0259di, eyni zamanda milli qaynaqlar hesab\u0131na daxili inki\u015faf qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131na qay\u0131td\u0131, onu t\u0259dric\u0259n b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tc\u0259 yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoymas\u0131 t\u0259biidir ki, u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na pozitif t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.
\nBu bax\u0131mdan 70-80-ci ill\u0259r u\u015faq n\u0259srinin inki\u015faf\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0259ciyy\u0259vidir. Art\u0131q yaranan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 insana, onun daxili al\u0259min\u0259 diqq\u0259t d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdi, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259, milli-m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r qabar\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259zah\u00fcr etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u0259k b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, ki\u00e7ik ya\u015fl\u0131 oxucular \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc, d\u0259rin probleml\u0259r \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 siray\u0259t etdi. Yeni n\u0259slin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri Z.X\u0259lil, \u018f.S\u0259m\u0259dli, N.S\u00fcleymanov, E.Mahmudov, \u018f.Babayeva, B.H\u0259s\u0259nov, R.Yusifo\u011flu, T.Qaraba\u011fl\u0131, \u0130.H\u00fcmm\u0259tov, X.Hasilova v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0259srl\u0259r boyu formala\u015fan milli-m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini ideoloji m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259hlil ed\u0259r\u0259k tam anla\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 bi\u00e7imd\u0259 ki\u00e7ik ya\u015fl\u0131 oxuculara \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Yaz\u0131lan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 u\u015faq obrazlar\u0131 s\u00fcni dialoq qurmur, \u015fi\u015firtm\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rmir, universitet t\u0259hsili alm\u0131\u015f t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 kimi dan\u0131\u015fm\u0131r, hadis\u0259 v\u0259 faktlar\u0131 real h\u0259yatda oldu\u011fu kimi ya\u015fay\u0131r, q\u0259bul edir v\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetirirdil\u0259r. Bu da ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 milli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u0259hdud \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259n, \u201c\u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u0259 p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f\u201d buxovundan, \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 is\u0259 \u201ckonfliktsizlik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si\u201dnd\u0259n azad olmas\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259lirdi.
\nQeyd etdiyimiz yenilikl\u0259r he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f, lirik-psixoloji, f\u0259ls\u0259fi \u00e7alarlarla z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sinin bilavasit\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n idi. Avropa v\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda planetar miqyasda ba\u015f ver\u0259n sosial-siyasi d\u0259yi\u015fikl\u0259r\u0259 qeyri-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi prizmadan yana\u015fmalar f\u0259rqli personajlar\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, yeni u\u015faq obrazlar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn daha da d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si, u\u015faq n\u0259srinin art\u0131q yeni formatda inki\u015faf\u0131na z\u0259min yaratd\u0131. Bu \u0259d\u0259biyyata \u201cburjua\u201d dam\u011fas\u0131 vuran \u201csovetl\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259ti\u201d ist\u0259m\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, d\u00fcnyada yaranan m\u00fcasir \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r imperiyan\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini yararaq b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisin\u0259, habel\u0259 \u201cmilli ucqarlar\u201da da yay\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcmumi \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259si kimi, u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 da forma v\u0259 m\u0259zmun x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015fikliy\u0259 u\u011frad\u0131. Bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259, m\u00fcasir u\u015faq n\u0259srin\u0259 E.A\u011fayev, X.Hasilova, \u018f.Babayeva, H.Zeynalova, E.Mahmudov, \u018f.\u018fhm\u0259dova, B.H\u0259s\u0259nov, N.S\u00fcleymanov, T.Qaraba\u011fl\u0131, R.Yusifo\u011flu, \u0130.H\u00fcmm\u0259tov, Z.X\u0259lil kimi yeni g\u0259nc \u0259d\u0259bi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r g\u0259ldi.
\n\u018flam\u0259tdard\u0131r ki, onlar\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u0259nc n\u0259slin d\u00fcnyada v\u0259 qism\u0259n d\u0259 olsa sovetl\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcruz\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayan yeni d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ruhuna uy\u011fun t\u0259rbiy\u0259 olunmas\u0131, u\u015faqlarda V\u0259t\u0259n\u0259, mill\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t, milli-m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 milli \u015f\u00fcura s\u0259daq\u0259t, h\u0259yatda \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi formala\u015fmaq kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r prioritet t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Janr bax\u0131m\u0131ndan hekay\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259n yazarlar yeri g\u0259ldikd\u0259 povest v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi na\u011f\u0131llarlara da m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir, yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir problem\u0259 m\u00fcasir prizmadan yana\u015fmaq, u\u015faqlarda milli \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259rki formala\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di g\u00fcd\u00fcr, \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mlisi elm v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin insan h\u0259yat\u0131nda n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm amil oldu\u011funu ki\u00e7ik oxuculara \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00dcmumi problem\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif prizmadan yana\u015fan yazarlar, \u00f6z s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259rinin q\u0259l\u0259min\u0259 sadiq qal\u0131r, yeri g\u0259ldikd\u0259 onlara m\u00fcxalif\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinmirdil\u0259r.
\n\u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, 70-80-ci ill\u0259rin u\u015faq n\u0259srinin \u0259n \u00fcmd\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si \u0259d\u0259bi q\u0259hr\u0259man, xarakter problemi idi. \u00c7\u00fcnki o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 u\u015faqlarda m\u00f6hk\u0259m xarakter t\u0259rbiy\u0259 etm\u0259k, onlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etm\u0259k u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na qoyulan ba\u015fl\u0131ca t\u0259l\u0259b idi. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z M.\u0130brahimov yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cU\u015fa\u011f\u0131n z\u00f6vq\u00fc, h\u0259yat hadis\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilk oxudu\u011fu kitablar\u0131n t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. U\u015faqlar \u0259d\u0259bi q\u0259hr\u0259manlara \u00e7ox h\u0259ssas yana\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rini onlara ox\u015fatma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda g\u00fccl\u00fc xarakterl\u0259r yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtiyac hiss olunur\u201d.(6)
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alan g\u0259nc u\u015faq yazarlar\u0131 yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 daha dol\u011fun xarakterl\u0259r yaratma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar v\u0259 bu xarakterl\u0259rin daxili al\u0259ml\u0259rinin lirik-psixoloji t\u0259svirind\u0259 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f metodlardan, yeni \u00fcsul v\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, orjinal ifad\u0259 \u00e7alarlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etdil\u0259r. Bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 g\u0259nc n\u0259sill\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcdrik a\u011fsaqqallar \u2013 Mirz\u0259 Muxtar (\u201cTaxta qa\u015f\u0131q\u201d \u2013 E.A\u011fayev), \u018flican day\u0131 (\u201cBal\u0131q\u00e7\u0131lar\u201d \u2013 Q.\u0130lkin), Heyd\u0259r ki\u015fi (\u201cAlapars\u201d \u2013 \u018f.Babyeva), Xanki\u015fi baba (\u201cPe\u015fman\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q\u201d \u2013 N.S\u00fcleymanov), b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259xlaqi normalar\u0131 il\u0259 az\u0259ri xan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u2013 S\u0259n\u0259m arvad (\u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 aparmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n B\u0259\u015fir\u201d \u2013 Z.X\u0259lil), S\u0259kin\u0259 xan\u0131m (\u201cQoca h\u0259kim\u201d \u2013 B.H\u0259s\u0259nov), Leyla xala (\u201cSaf sular\u201d \u2013 T.Qaraba\u011fl\u0131) v\u0259 s. kimi xarakterl\u0259r i\u015ftirak edirl\u0259r. U\u015faqlar\u0131 sev\u0259n, onlara d\u0259y\u0259rli m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t ver\u0259n, yeri g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 h\u0259yat m\u0259kt\u0259binin m\u00fc\u0259llimi funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n bu insanlar \u00f6zl\u0259rinin b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 ya\u015fam t\u0259rzl\u0259ri il\u0259 ki\u00e7ik oxucular \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6rn\u0259k olurlar.
\n\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259ki bu xarakterl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsuslu\u011fu il\u0259 se\u00e7ilirl\u0259r. H\u0259r bir yazar\u0131n t\u0259x\u0259yy\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259hsulu olan bu xarakterl\u0259r bir-birind\u0259n ist\u0259r xasiyy\u0259tc\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fchit\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirl\u0259r. \u018f.S\u0259m\u0259dlinin, \u018f.Babayevan\u0131n, T.Qaraba\u011fl\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 s\u0131rf milli ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u00f6yk\u0259n\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rdirs\u0259, Z.X\u0259lil, E.Mahmudov, N.S\u00fcleymanovun q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ox \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f, b\u0259\u015f\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n insanlard\u0131r.
\nT\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259r olsun ki, 70-80-ci ill\u0259rin u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda yenilikl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, olduqca m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u00f6qsanlar da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arp\u0131rd\u0131. Bel\u0259 ki, d\u00fcnya u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda elmi-fantastik, elmi-texniki t\u0259r\u0259qqinin inki\u015faf\u0131na dair \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi bir zamanda, b\u0259zi yazarlar aktual olmayan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaz\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas A.\u018fliyev haql\u0131 olaraq yaz\u0131r: \u201cA\u015fkarl\u0131q v\u0259 demokratiya i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dem\u0259liyik ki, u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rki v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti yar\u0131tmazd\u0131r. Onun yarad\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bu g\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259k ixtisasla\u015fmay\u0131b. Bir g\u00fcn elmi fantastikadan, dramaturgiyadan, sabah tarixi ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259n \u201c\u0259s\u0259r\u201d yaz\u0131r. U\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda layiqli yerini tutan roman, poema, pyes v\u0259 s. olduqca azd\u0131r\u201d.(7, s\u0259h. 136)
\nU\u015faq n\u0259srinin bir n\u00f6qsan\u0131 da, \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 olduqca m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b h\u0259yat hadis\u0259l\u0259rinin geni\u015f t\u0259svirind\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. Ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitin birba\u015fa diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olan u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda bu tip m\u00f6vzular\u0131n se\u00e7ilm\u0259si t\u0259biidir ki, ki\u00e7ik ya\u015fl\u0131 oxucular \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck problem\u0259 \u00e7evrilir v\u0259 onlar\u0131 maraqdan sal\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli yazar\u0131m\u0131z \u018f.Babayeva haql\u0131 olaraq qeyd edirdi: \u201cU\u015fa\u011fa ki\u00e7ik ya\u015flar\u0131ndan m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b h\u0259yat hadis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, h\u0259tta m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259td\u0259n, sevgid\u0259n d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq olarmi? \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, ancaq bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc bilm\u0259k, u\u015faq t\u0259bi\u0259tinin v\u0259 b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq z\u0259ruridir. Burada y\u00fcks\u0259k romantika olmal\u0131d\u0131r, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, yeniyetm\u0259nin \u0259lind\u0259n tutub onu m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s hissl\u0259r al\u0259min\u0259 aparanda bu u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 daxil\u0259n z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259li, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 s\u00f6vq etm\u0259lidir\u201d.(8, s\u0259h. 205)
\nOlduqca haql\u0131 t\u0259nqid\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan bu tip probleml\u0259r u\u015faq n\u0259srinin inki\u015faf\u0131na mane olur, onun d\u00fcnya \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 il\u0259 ayaqla\u015fmaq prosesini l\u0259ngidirdi. Lakin bel\u0259 bir zamanda \u0259d\u0259biyyata g\u0259l\u0259n yeni n\u0259sil yazarlar janr bax\u0131m\u0131ndan hekay\u0259 v\u0259 povestl\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259r\u0259k, m\u00f6vzu v\u0259 m\u0259zmun etibaril\u0259 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaz\u0131r, s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi obrazlar yarad\u0131r, u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131 daha da z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirirdil\u0259r.
\nSevindirici hald\u0131r ki, bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 yazarlar ki\u00e7ik ya\u015fl\u0131 oxuculara tam yeni, orjinal xarakterl\u0259r t\u0259qdim edirdil\u0259r. Bu yeni obrazlar \u00f6z h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 art\u0131q h\u0259r bir ki\u00e7ik oxucu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259dric\u0259n ideala \u00e7evrilirdi. \u0130st\u0259r \u0259d\u0259bi na\u011f\u0131l q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcasir q\u0259hr\u0259manlar \u00f6z oxucular\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tini qazand\u0131. Azman (\u201cC\u0131rtdanla Azman\u0131n yeni s\u0259rg\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259ri\u201d \u2013 Z.X\u0259lil), Q\u0259lbinur (\u201cQ\u0259lbinurun ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259r\u201d \u2013 Z.X\u0259lil), K\u0259r\u0259m (\u201cCo\u011frafiya d\u0259rsind\u0259 tax\u0131lan eyn\u0259k\u201d \u2013 Z.X\u0259lil), \u018fhm\u0259d, \u015eahan\u0259 (\u201cSehrli xal\u00e7a\u201d \u2013 \u018f.S\u0259m\u0259dli), S\u0259m\u0259nd\u0259r, \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r (\u201cArt\u0131q tamah\u201d \u2013 \u018f.S\u0259m\u0259dli), Nargil\u0259 (\u201cYayda \u00fc\u015f\u00fcy\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131n na\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u201d \u2013 \u018f.S\u0259m\u0259dli), Akif, Tahir (\u201cPe\u015fman\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q\u201d, \u201c\u018fn vacib m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259\u201d \u2013 N.S\u00fcleymanov) v\u0259 s. kimi personajlar ki\u00e7ik oxuculara \u00f6rn\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259r\u0259k onlar\u0131n h\u0259yatda \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi yeti\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yard\u0131m\u00e7\u0131 olurdular. Bundan ba\u015fqa yazarlar\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259d\u0259bi na\u011f\u0131llarda u\u015faqlar na\u011f\u0131l q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 il\u0259 art\u0131q yeni, tam m\u00fcasir formatda tan\u0131\u015f olma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Burada u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u00e7ox qorxdu\u011fu Divl\u0259r, k\u00fcp\u0259gir\u0259n qar\u0131lar, si\u00e7anlar, c\u0131rtdanlar, qeyri-adi sehrli g\u00fcc\u0259 malik olan metafizik q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r \u2013 sehrli xal\u00e7a, sehrli g\u00fczg\u00fc, sehrli \u00fcz\u00fck, Simurq qu\u015fu, a\u011f v\u0259 qara qo\u00e7la yana\u015f\u0131, kibrit \u00e7\u00f6pl\u0259ri, vertolyot, televizor v\u0259 m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcn dig\u0259r elmi nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri birg\u0259 i\u015ftirak edir. U\u015faqlar bu personajlar\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131n\u0131 pisd\u0259n, \u0259dal\u0259ti z\u00fclmd\u0259n, xeyri \u015f\u0259rd\u0259n se\u00e7\u0259 bilir, h\u0259yatda b\u00fct\u00fcn nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xeyirxah \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu d\u0259rk edirl\u0259r.
\nXX \u0259srin ruhunu v\u0259 simas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n elmi-texniki k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259r u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda da fantastika janr\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na ciddi t\u0259kan verdi. M\u0259hz bu du d\u00f6vrd\u0259n (1970-80-ci ill\u0259r) ba\u015flayaraq elmin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131, texnikan\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yini t\u0259svir ed\u0259n maraql\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, qeyd ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, 70-80-ci ill\u0259r u\u015faq n\u0259sri ist\u0259r janr, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259, m\u00f6vzu v\u0259 m\u0259zmun x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan olduqca r\u0259ngar\u0259ngdir.<\/p>\n

\u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/p>\n

1.\u018fli\u015fano\u011flu \u0422. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yeni n\u0259sri. \u2013 Bak\u0131, 1999
\n2.Vur\u011fun S.. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri, III c. \u2013 Bak\u0131: Elm, 1972
\n3. \u018ff\u0259ndiyev \u0130. \u201dBizim sevincimiz\u201d, \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u201d jurnal\u0131 \u21162, 1955
\n4. M\u0259cnunb\u0259yov C. \u00abDramaturgiya v\u0259 teatr\u00bb. \u2013 \u00ab\u018fd\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u00bb q\u0259zeti, 1953 14 noyabr
\n5. Qarayev Y. Meyar \u2013 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tdir. \u2013 Bak\u0131: \u201cYaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131\u201d, 1988
\n6. \u00abAz\u0259rbaycan\u00bb jurnal\u0131 \u21163, 1970
\n7. \u018fliyev A. \u018fd\u0259biyyat v\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259t. \u2013 Bak\u0131: \u201cMaarif\u201d, 1990
\n8.Babayeva \u018f. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131qda g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 yer yoxdur. – \u00abAz\u0259rbaycan\u00bbjurnal\u0131 \u21165, 1976. \u2013 s\u0259h. 205<\/p>\n

\u0420\u0415\u0417\u042e\u041c\u0415
\n\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042b \u0413\u0415\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0425 \u041e\u0411\u0420\u0410\u0417\u041e\u0412 \u0412 \u0414\u0415\u0422\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0417\u0415<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0432\u0437\u044b \u0432 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435 1970-80-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n

SUMMARY
\nCHARACTER PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN\u2019S PROSE<\/p>\n

In this article the influence character problems of Azerbaijan children\u2019s prose in 1970-80, analysis growth stages of this prose in \u2013 story, tale, literary story.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R.M.M\u0259mm\u0259dov Sumqay\u0131t D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti Az\u0259rbaycan dili v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259drisi metodikas\u0131 kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi U\u015eAQ N\u018fSR\u0130ND\u018f Q\u018fHR\u018fMAN PROBLEM\u0130 (1970-80-C\u0130 \u0130LL\u018fR) A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131, q\u0259hr\u0259man, xarakter \u0130.V.Stalinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u201cSovetl\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259ti\u201dnd\u0259 ged\u0259n ideoloji prosesl\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyatda g\u00fccl\u00fc rezonans do\u011furdu, ideal axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 azad v\u0259 tamamil\u0259 ba\u015fqa m\u0259craya y\u00f6n\u0259ldi. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n bu prosesl\u0259r sosializm n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u00f6z daxilind\u0259 kommunizm c\u0259miyy\u0259ti il\u0259 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7693"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7693\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7696,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7693\/revisions\/7696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}