{"id":24131,"date":"2017-02-02T09:00:10","date_gmt":"2017-02-02T05:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=24131"},"modified":"2017-02-02T09:47:49","modified_gmt":"2017-02-02T05:47:49","slug":"nobel-sulh-mukfatinin-q%c9%99rib%c9%99-hekay%c9%99si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=24131","title":{"rendered":"Nobel s\u00fclh m\u00fckfat\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rib\u0259 hekay\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 bildiyimiz kimi, kimya, fizika, tibb-fiziologiya, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, s\u00fclh v\u0259 iqtisadiyyat sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259qdim edil\u0259n \u0259n ali m\u00fckafat say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 bildiyimiz kimi, kimya, fizika, tibb-fiziologiya, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, s\u00fclh v\u0259 iqtisadiyyat sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259qdim edil\u0259n \u0259n ali m\u00fckafat say\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fckafat\u0131n t\u0259sis\u00e7isi kimya\u00e7\u0131, tacir, milyarder Alfred Nobel olmu\u015fdur.M\u00fckafat\u0131n yarad\u0131lma s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 Alfred Nobelin \u00f6z\u00fc haqq\u0131nda q\u0259zetd\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc bir ba\u015fl\u0131q olmu\u015fdur. Qarda\u015f\u0131 L\u00fcdviq Nobelin \u00f6l\u00fcm x\u0259b\u0259rini fransal\u0131 jurnalist s\u0259hv anlayaraq Alfred Nobelin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb.Bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6z m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 bu x\u0259b\u0259ri \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm taciri d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdi\u201d kimi t\u0259qdim edib. Jurnalistin Nobeli \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm taciri\u201d adland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 dinamitin k\u0259\u015ffi idi. A. Nobel m\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, bu partlay\u0131c\u0131 madd\u0259ni k\u0259\u015ff etmi\u015f v\u0259 bunun sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan da xeyli g\u0259lir \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n dolay\u0131 o d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 Nobel\u0259 \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm taciri\u201d l\u0259q\u0259bi qoyulmu\u015fdu. Bu pis \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259td\u0259n qurtulub arxas\u0131nda yax\u015f\u0131 bir miras qoymaq ad\u0131na A. Nobel v\u0259siyy\u0259tnam\u0259 yazaraq s\u0259rv\u0259tinin b\u00f6y\u00fck qisminin \u00f6z ad\u0131na bir m\u00fckafat\u0131n t\u0259rtib edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ay\u0131rlmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259siyy\u0259t edir. V\u0259siyy\u0259tnam\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fckafatlar\u0131n hans\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259, hans\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 verilm\u0259li oldu\u011funu, m\u00fckafat\u0131 hans\u0131 qurumlar\u0131n ver\u0259c\u0259yini, m\u00fckafat\u0131n maliyy\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yinin nec\u0259 t\u0259min olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 s. ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edir. V\u0259siyy\u0259tnam\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, m\u00fckafat\u0131 elm sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7 Kral Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131, s\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 Norve\u00e7 Nobel Komit\u0259si t\u0259yin etm\u0259lidir. M\u00fckafat\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259ri is\u0259 bir medal, diplom v\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1.5 milyon AB\u015e dollar\u0131 m\u0259bl\u0259\u011find\u0259 pul v\u0259saitini \u0259hat\u0259 edir.M\u00fckafat\u0131n maliyy\u0259 olaraq daimi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259min edilm\u0259 mexanizmi is\u0259 Nobel fondunun ortaq oldu\u011fu v\u0259 hiss\u0259dar oldu\u011fu \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin g\u0259lirl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n illik faizl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fckafat\u0131n t\u0259sis edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 standart m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 t\u0259qdim etdim. \u0130ndi is\u0259 g\u0259lin bu m\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 maraql\u0131 b\u0259zi m\u0259qamlara g\u00f6z g\u0259zdir\u0259k. Alfred Nobelin g\u0259lir m\u0259nb\u0259yi n\u0259 idi v\u0259 Nobel fondu nec\u0259 qurulmu\u015fdu? <\/p>\n

A. Nobelin atas\u0131 1842-ci ild\u0259 Finlandiyadan Rusiyaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. \u0130mkanl\u0131 olan ail\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t kas\u0131blasa da, Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 ordunun mina ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131layaraq yenid\u0259n z\u0259ngin olur. A. Nobelin atas\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259hsil almas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onu xaric\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rir. A. Nobel x\u00fcsusi m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yeti\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k bir ne\u00e7\u0259 xarici dili m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259nir, \u0259d\u0259biyyata meyil edir. Lakin daha sonra kimya il\u0259 maraqlanma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Kimya t\u0259hsili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259ni g\u0259zdikd\u0259n sonra Parisd\u0259ki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kimyag\u0259r T.J.Pelouzenin labaratoriyas\u0131nda nitroqliserinin ixtira\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Askanio Sobrero (Ascanio Sobrero) il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar apar\u0131r. Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259si bitdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 silah sifari\u015fi d\u0259 sona \u00e7at\u0131r v\u0259 Nobel ail\u0259si yenid\u0259n m\u00fcflis olur. Ail\u0259 Stokholma qay\u0131d\u0131r, Robert v\u0259 L\u00fcdviq Nobel Qarda\u015flar\u0131 is\u0259 Peterburqda qal\u0131rlar.Nitroqliserin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalarda ba\u015f ver\u0259n partlay\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131 bac\u0131s\u0131 Emili (Emily) v\u0259 4 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirir. Lakin A. Nobel ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131na davam edib, nitroqliserini idar\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259n hala salaraq dinamit partlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yarada bilir. Bu partlay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n patentini al\u0131r. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti ill\u0259rd\u0259 yeni bir partlay\u0131c\u0131 barut k\u0259\u015ff edir. A. Nobel bu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 355 patent al\u0131r. 20 f\u0259rqli \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 100-\u0259 yax\u0131n \u015firk\u0259t qurur. Bu \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131 silah v\u0259 partlay\u0131c\u0131 istehsal edirdi. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259nin silah v\u0259 partlay\u0131c\u0131 ehtiyac\u0131 A. Nobelin \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131. Rusiyada qalan Robert v\u0259 L\u00fcdviq qarda\u015flar\u0131 is\u0259 A. Nobelin dinamitl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edib neft yataqlar\u0131 tapma\u011fa nail olmu\u015fdular. Nobel qarda\u015flar\u0131 Rusiyada, Az\u0259rbaycanda v\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir \u00e7ox \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 neft \u00e7\u0131xarmaqla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idil\u0259r, A. Nobel is\u0259 patentini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 partlay\u0131c\u0131lar v\u0259 qurdu\u011fu silah v\u0259 partlay\u0131c\u0131 istehsal ed\u0259n \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri hesab\u0131na milyarder olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259n Nobel fondu is\u0259 Nobel qarda\u015flar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulmu\u015fdu. O Nobel qarda\u015flar\u0131 ki, 1800-c\u00fc ilin sonlar\u0131nda Bak\u0131da \u201cBraNobel\u201d adl\u0131 bir neft \u015firk\u0259ti qurmu\u015fdular. O ill\u0259rd\u0259 Rot\u015fild (Rothschild) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulan \u201cBN\u0130TO\u201d v\u0259 Rokfeller (Rockfeller) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulan\u201cStandart Oil\u201d adl\u0131 neft \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Nobel qarda\u015flar\u0131 Bak\u0131dan h\u0259r yer\u0259 neft da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131lar. 1900-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada Bak\u0131 neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131 sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0259ni n\u0259tic\u0259 etibar\u0131 il\u0259 Nobel Fondunun m\u00fckafatlar\u0131n\u0131n faizl\u0259rini t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259k o qurumlar\u0131n sahibl\u0259ri olan Rot\u015fild v\u0259 Rokfeller, y\u0259qin ki, sizl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f g\u0259ldi. Bu \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin XX \u0259srin formala\u015fmas\u0131ndak\u0131 v\u0259 milyonlarla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259ki rolunu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, bu \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin bu m\u00f6vzuya aidiyyat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 anlaya bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n

Nobel Fondunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131xma tarixi bar\u0259sind\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259lumat verdim ki, Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rib\u0259 t\u0259ltifl\u0259rinin hikm\u0259tini anlamaq biz\u0259 biraz asanla\u015fs\u0131n. Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259ltif edilm\u0259 qaydas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u00fckafat “xalqlar aras\u0131nda qarda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259bli\u011fi, daimi qo\u015funlar\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131, yaxud tamamil\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya s\u00fclh konqresl\u0259rinin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sinin ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259” verilir. Lakin g\u0259lin tarixd\u0259 v\u0259 son ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259ltif edilmi\u015f, yaxud bu m\u00fckafata namiz\u0259d g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015f maraql\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olaq.<\/p>\n

Hitlerin nec\u0259 bir qatil olmas\u0131, milyonlarla insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259si, d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259tirdiyi m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 s. haqq\u0131nda \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat yazma\u011f\u0131ma, y\u0259qin ki, ehtiyac yoxdur, bu bar\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s m\u0259lumatl\u0131d\u0131r. Maraql\u0131 olan is\u0259 1939-ci ild\u0259 Hitlerin Nobel s\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131na namiz\u0259d g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n Q\u0259rbli \u00e7evr\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bu namiz\u0259dliyin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si olmu\u015fdur.E.G.C Brandt adl\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7 Parlamentinin deputat\u0131 1938-ci ild\u0259 Hitleri Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131na namiz\u0259d kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 laureat\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259smi sayt\u0131nda da m\u0259lumat yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir.Saytdak\u0131 m\u0259lumat\u0131n \u015f\u0259klini m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. <\/p>\n

Bu namiz\u0259dlikl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u201cNew York Times\u201d, \u201cTimes\u201d v\u0259 s. media orqanlar\u0131nda d\u0259st\u0259k m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri yaz\u0131lsa da, Hitler\u0259 m\u00fckafat verilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Hitlerin nec\u0259 bir qatil olmas\u0131, milyonlarla insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259si, d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259tirdiyi m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 s. haqq\u0131nda \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat yazma\u011f\u0131ma, y\u0259qin ki, ehtiyac yoxdur, bu bar\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s m\u0259lumatl\u0131d\u0131r. Maraql\u0131 olan is\u0259 1939-ci ild\u0259 Hitlerin Nobel s\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131na namiz\u0259d g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n Q\u0259rbli \u00e7evr\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bu namiz\u0259dliyin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si olmu\u015fdur.E.G.C Brandt adl\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7 Parlamentinin deputat\u0131 1938-ci ild\u0259 Hitleri Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131na namiz\u0259d kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 laureat\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259smi sayt\u0131nda da m\u0259lumat yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir.Saytdak\u0131 m\u0259lumat\u0131n \u015f\u0259klini m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. <\/p>\n

Bu namiz\u0259dlikl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u201cNew York Times\u201d, \u201cTimes\u201d v\u0259 s. media orqanlar\u0131nda d\u0259st\u0259k m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri yaz\u0131lsa da, Hitler\u0259 m\u00fckafat verilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

2004-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u0130raqdak\u0131 s\u00f6zd\u0259 \u201ckimy\u0259vi silahlar\u0131\u201d z\u0259r\u0259rsizl\u0259\u015fdirdiyi, terrorizm t\u0259hdidini v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq probleml\u0259ri \u201cs\u00fclh yolu\u201d il\u0259 h\u0259ll etdikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130raqda m\u00fcharib\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131b 2 milyondan \u00e7ox insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan v\u0259 bir \u00f6lk\u0259ni i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259n bu iki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259xs Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131 verilm\u0259sin\u0259 namiz\u0259d g\u00f6st\u0259rilib. H\u0259m d\u0259 Alfred Nobelin bu m\u00fckafat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ixtiyar sahibi t\u0259yin etdiyi Norve\u00e7 Parlamentinin b\u0259zi \u00fczvl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n.Halbuki \u0130raqda kimy\u0259vi silahlar yox idi. Bunu Toni Bleyr d\u0259, Bu\u015f da bilirdi.Kimy\u0259vi silahlar b\u00f6y\u00fck bir yalan idi.M\u00fcharib\u0259ni ba\u015flada bilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uydurulmu\u015f b\u00f6y\u00fck bir yalan. Bunu bu yax\u0131nlarda Bleyrin \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 etiraf ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00fczr ist\u0259di. Lakin maraql\u0131 m\u0259qamlardan biri d\u0259 budur ki, m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6l\u0259n milyonlarla iraql\u0131dan deyil, sad\u0259c\u0259 orada \u00f6l\u0259n ingilis \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rin valideyinl\u0259rind\u0259n \u00fczr ist\u0259di v\u0259 eyni zamanda verdiyi q\u0259rardan pe\u015fman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da dedi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259, \u0130raqdak\u0131 insanlar\u0131 insan olaraq g\u00f6rm\u0259dikl\u0259rini, s\u0131rf o \u00f6lk\u0259ni i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcharib\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dib milyonlarla insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckl\u0259rini, milyonlarla insan\u0131 da \u015fik\u0259st qoyduqlar\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130raq\u0131 m\u0259hv etdikl\u0259rini etiraf etmi\u015f oldu. Eyni zamanda bu etiraf\u0131n ba\u015fqa bir t\u0259r\u0259fi d\u0259, 11 sentyabr hadis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 dayan\u0131r.\u0130raq m\u00fcharib\u0259si bu hadis\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Toni Bleyrin etiraf\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, onlar\u0131n \u0130raqda hans\u0131sa kimy\u0259vi silah deposu bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 yox idi v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259,orda bel\u0259 bir silah anbar\u0131 da a\u015fkarlanmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259sisl\u0259rin ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, 11 sentyabr terroru da m\u0259hz bu m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b yaratma c\u0259hdl\u0259rind\u0259n biri idi.Y\u0259ni bu insanlar \u00f6z xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcni terror akt\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259r\u0259k \u0130raqa h\u00fccum b\u0259han\u0259sini haz\u0131rlamaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 v\u0259 buna xalqda raz\u0131l\u0131q yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn minl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131q ver\u0259c\u0259k d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u201cs\u00fclh\u201d t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 idil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00e7ox insan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, intellekti insanlarla rahat \u00fcnsiyy\u0259tcilliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Obamaya qar\u015f\u0131 sevgi duyulur. Obama m\u0259\u015fhurluq, d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259 v\u0259 s. bax\u0131m\u0131ndan Amerikan\u0131n \u0259n \u00f6nd\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n prezidentl\u0259rind\u0259n biri oldu.Lakin s\u00fclh m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 kamera \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi q\u0259d\u0259r bacar\u0131ql\u0131 idimi?Statistikalara \u0259sas\u0259n, xeyir. Obama 8 il prezidentlik etdi. Prezident se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 se\u00e7icil\u0259r\u0259 verdiyi v\u0259dl\u0259r var idi.V\u0259dl\u0259rin i\u00e7ind\u0259ki \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli madd\u0259l\u0259r, silah-sursat\u0131n azald\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u00fclh sah\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259yi, \u0130raq v\u0259 \u018ffaqn\u0131standak\u0131 amerikan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son qoyulaca\u011f\u0131, m\u00fcharib\u0259nin sona \u00e7ataca\u011f\u0131 idi. Bu v\u0259dl\u0259r ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdimi? <\/p>\n

N\u0259inki bu v\u0259dl\u0259r ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdi, \u0259ksin\u0259 Amerika Obaman\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 v\u0259d verdiyi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 daha da geriy\u0259 getdi. Obama h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259tinin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 AB\u015e t\u0259kc\u0259 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 saata 3 bomba at\u0131b. G\u00fcn\u0259 72, h\u0259ft\u0259y\u0259 504, il\u0259 is\u0259 26 172 bombalama dem\u0259kdir. Bir il \u0259rzind\u0259 AB\u015e bu q\u0259d\u0259r bomban\u0131 7 \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu bombalar\u0131n 93% -i Suriya v\u0259 \u0130raqa at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.Bu bombalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, z\u0259r\u0259r\u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131, hesab\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259xmin etm\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir. Obama m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 son qoyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6z verdiyi halda, arxas\u0131nda dronlarla, bombalarla, hava h\u00fccumlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fai\u0259t olunan m\u00fcharib\u0259 il\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n 8 ili miras qoydu. Sonda is\u0259 dig\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn Amerika prezidentl\u0259rind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 zaman s\u0259rf ed\u0259n Obamaya da Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131 t\u0259qdim edildi.<\/p>\n

Mixail Qorba\u00e7ov<\/p>\n

Mixail Qorba\u00e7ov da Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Qorba\u00e7ovun Nobel S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131na n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r layiq oldu\u011funu m\u00fczakir\u0259 etm\u0259mi\u015fd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 siz\u0259 Qorba\u00e7ovun ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bir b\u0259nz\u0259tm\u0259d\u0259n n\u00fcmun\u0259 verm\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

Elm al\u0259mind\u0259 hans\u0131sa fikrind\u0259n, \u0259qind\u0259sind\u0259n d\u00f6n\u0259n insanlara ad\u0259t\u0259n o sah\u0259nin Qorba\u00e7ovu deyirl\u0259r.Bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 verim; t\u0259kam\u00fcl f\u0259rziyy\u0259si i\u00e7ind\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259rin t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc klassik darvinizmd\u0259n, y\u0259ni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259kam\u00fcl f\u0259rziyy\u0259sind\u0259n ba\u015fqa bird\u0259n-bir\u0259, anid\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259 – \u201cS\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 t\u0259kam\u00fcl f\u0259rziyy\u0259si\u201d modeli var. Bu modeli 1970-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r Nayls Eldrik v\u0259 Stefen Cey Quld ortaya atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. T\u0259kam\u00fcl f\u0259rziyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, canl\u0131lar t\u0259kam\u00fcl ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdil\u0259rs\u0259, palentoloji qal\u0131qlar aras\u0131nda bunun milyonlarla n\u00fcmun\u0259si tap\u0131lmal\u0131 idi. Lakin paleontoloqlar\u0131n tapd\u0131\u011f\u0131 600\u2013700 milyon fosilin aras\u0131ndan birc\u0259 d\u0259n\u0259 d\u0259 olsun Darvinin “m\u00fctl\u0259q tap\u0131lmal\u0131 oldu\u011fu”nu dediyi “ara-ke\u00e7id formalar\u0131” tap\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131. Bu bo\u015flu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u0259n Stefen Cey Quld v\u0259 Nayls Eldrik d\u0259 t\u0259kam\u00fcl f\u0259rziyy\u0259sinin bu m\u00fc\u0259mmas\u0131na alternativ bir cavab tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iddia etdil\u0259r ki, b\u0259s canl\u0131lar, \u0259slind\u0259, m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li deyil, \u201cs\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u201d, y\u0259ni bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 t\u0259kam\u00fcl edibl\u0259r. M\u00f6vzuya aidiyyat\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259rziyy\u0259nin \u0259trafl\u0131 izah\u0131n\u0131 burda verm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259m. Lakin genetik olaraq bu yeni izah\u0131n da do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0131sa bir m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 k\u0259\u015ff olundu.Bundan sonra bir \u00e7ox klassik t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r bu m\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 S.C. Quldu q\u0131nama\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. T\u0259kam\u00fcl f\u0259rziyy\u0259sinin \u0259n \u00f6nd\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n biri Filip Conson S.C. Quldu \u201cdarvinizmin Qorba\u00e7ovu\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131. Qorba\u00e7ov Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n kommunist d\u00f6vl\u0259t sistemind\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k sistemd\u0259 \u201cislahatlar\u201d etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.Lakin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131q hesab etdiyi probleml\u0259r, \u0259slind\u0259, sistemin \u00f6z t\u0259bi\u0259tind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259ldiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kommunizmi \u00f6z \u0259ll\u0259ril\u0259 m\u0259hv etmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Verdiyim n\u00fcmun\u0259 biraz uzun olsa da, g\u0259tirm\u0259k ist\u0259diyim m\u0259qam bu idi ki, Qorba\u00e7ovun tarixd\u0259ki yerinin siyasi motivi \u00e7ox vacib idi. Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259ti, t\u0259bii ki, sad\u0259 formada \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259di. M\u0259hz Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 da o \u201cm\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b\u201d siyasi motivin bir qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ola bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

Qorba\u00e7ov v\u0259 S\u00fclh m\u00fckafat\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u0259n zidd olan amil is\u0259 1990-c\u0131 il 20 yanvar gec\u0259si Bak\u0131da az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 edilmi\u015f soyqr\u0131m idi. M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, Qorba\u00e7ovun \u0259mri il\u0259 kommunist Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordu 20 yanvar gec\u0259si Bak\u0131ya daxil olur v\u0259 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli bir q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259dir. Tanklarla, zirehli h\u0259rbi ma\u015f\u0131nlarla dolu ordu Bak\u0131ya daxil olur, bir gec\u0259d\u0259 200 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 yax\u0131n Bak\u0131 sakini \u015f\u0259hid edilir, 1000 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 yax\u0131n insan da \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl yaralan\u0131r.Bu qanl\u0131 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259mrini Qorba\u00e7ov vermi\u015fdi.Qorba\u00e7ov eyni zamanda sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycan aras\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n xeyli sayda \u0259razil\u0259rini itirm\u0259si il\u0259, minl\u0259rl\u0259 g\u00fcnahs\u0131z insan\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilm\u0259si kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck faci\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yekunla\u015fan bir m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259nin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015f, bu prosesd\u0259 rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259 Qorba\u00e7ov Viln\u00fcsd\u0259, Tbilisid\u0259, \u00c7e\u00e7enistanda, Tacikistanda, Abxaziya v\u0259 Osetiyada da \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 insan\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259f oldu\u011fu hadis\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015f verm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur.Y\u0259ni dolay\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 siyasi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 he\u00e7 d\u0259 s\u00fclh t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 bir m\u00f6vqe s\u0259rgil\u0259m\u0259mi\u015fdir.B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara baxmayaraq is\u0259 Qorba\u00e7ov Nobel \u201cS\u00fclh\u201d m\u00fckafat\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu m\u00fckafat\u0131n \u018fd\u0259biyyat sah\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259ltifl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 da ad\u0259t\u0259n \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259leyhind\u0259 yaz\u0131lar yazan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 verildiyini m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6vzunu dig\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r, hadis\u0259l\u0259r \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k olar, lakin n\u0259tic\u0259 ortadad\u0131r. Elm sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259qdim edil\u0259n Nobel m\u00fckafatlar\u0131 ad\u0259t\u0259n \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li m\u0259qamlarla yadda qalmasa da, bu m\u00fckafat\u0131n s\u00fclh \u00fczr\u0259 laureat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259qdimind\u0259 ciddi probleml\u0259rin oldu\u011fu d\u0259qiqdir.Bu m\u00fckafat\u0131n t\u0259qdim edilm\u0259sinin d\u0259rin siyasi ba\u011flar\u0131 ortadad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, m\u00fckafat\u0131 t\u0259yin ed\u0259n qurumlara \u0130ngilis D\u0259rin D\u00f6vl\u0259ti kimi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259sir g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fccl\u00fcd\u00fcr.Bunu nec\u0259 bil\u0259 bil\u0259rik? M\u0259qal\u0259nin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 m\u00fckafat\u0131 t\u0259qdim ed\u0259n Fondun yaranma prosesind\u0259n b\u0259hs etmi\u015fdim.Xat\u0131rlay\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131zsa hal \u2013 haz\u0131rda Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim ed\u0259n Nobel Fondununun \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 Rokfeller v\u0259 Rot\u015fild ail\u0259sinin \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 hiss\u0259l\u0259ri olan Nobel Qarda\u015flar\u0131 qoymu\u015fdu. Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n maliyy\u0259si d\u0259 Alfred Nobelin silah \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 Nobel Qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hiss\u0259dar\u0131 oldu\u011fu Rokfeller v\u0259 Rot\u015fild \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rinin g\u0259lirind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n faizl\u0259r (hiss\u0259l\u0259r) hesab\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.Dolay\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 bu su hans\u0131 quyuduan g\u0259lir ayd\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu t\u0259qdird\u0259 \u201cs\u00fclh\u201d m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n niy\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcharib\u0259 etmi\u015f, qan t\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f adamlara getdiyinin hikm\u0259tini d\u0259 anlamaqda \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259kmirik.<\/p>\n

Bu m\u00f6vzudan al\u0131nacaq d\u0259rs :bir qrup siyasi q\u00fcvv\u0259nin t\u0259siri, yaxud idar\u0259sind\u0259 olan bir qurumun t\u0259ltifi bizim \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259yimiz\u0259 meyar olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Meyar olaraq bu c\u00fcr m\u00fckafatlar\u0131 se\u00e7iriks\u0259, o zaman bu m\u00fckafatlar\u0131n \u00e7ox zaman nec\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn verildiyini d\u0259 unutmamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 bildiyimiz kimi, kimya, fizika, tibb-fiziologiya, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, s\u00fclh v\u0259 iqtisadiyyat sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259qdim edil\u0259n \u0259n ali m\u00fckafat say\u0131l\u0131r. Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 bildiyimiz kimi, kimya, fizika, tibb-fiziologiya, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, s\u00fclh v\u0259 iqtisadiyyat sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259qdim edil\u0259n \u0259n ali m\u00fckafat say\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fckafat\u0131n t\u0259sis\u00e7isi kimya\u00e7\u0131, tacir, milyarder Alfred Nobel olmu\u015fdur.M\u00fckafat\u0131n yarad\u0131lma s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 Alfred Nobelin \u00f6z\u00fc haqq\u0131nda q\u0259zetd\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24134,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24131\/revisions\/24134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}