{"id":24563,"date":"2017-03-02T09:00:03","date_gmt":"2017-03-02T05:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=24563"},"modified":"2017-03-02T09:50:35","modified_gmt":"2017-03-02T05:50:35","slug":"levent-konyar-kurtulus-savasinin-maddi-sikintilari-buhara-cumhuriyeti-ve-osman-kocaoglunun-yardimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=24563","title":{"rendered":"Levent KONYAR.&#8221;KURTULU\u015e SAVA\u015eI\u2019NIN MADD\u0130 SIKINTILARI: BUHARA CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 VE OSMAN KOCAO\u011eLU\u2019NUN YARDIMI&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/0900.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/0900-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-24564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/0900-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/0900.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrk Milli Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tarihi geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci ile a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekir. Bu konular\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131ndaki ya\u015fananlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<br \/>\nSon y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n girdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flara; 93 Harbi, Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131, Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 vb., insan ve maddi kaynak sa\u011flayan Anadolu\u2019nun adeta alt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Anadolu\u2019nun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretim ve sosyal dengesi bozulmu\u015f, y\u00f6netim bo\u015flu\u011fundan yararlanan baz\u0131 insanlar Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n elindeki son var olan\u0131 da t\u00fcketmi\u015fti. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru egemen g\u00fc\u00e7ler Anadolu\u2019yu art\u0131k bir sava\u015f alan\u0131 haline getirmi\u015fti ki bu ger\u00e7ek bir felaketti. Art\u0131k T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 bu ya\u015fananlardan sonra sadece siyasi ve askeri bir m\u00fccadele de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda mali ve ekonomik bir sava\u015f haline gelmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la girerken kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n etkisi, sermaye yetersizli\u011fi, teknolojik gerili\u011fi veya yetersizli\u011fi, bilgisizlik, istikrarl\u0131 bir y\u00f6netimin kurulamamas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli sava\u015flar nedeniyle ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelmi\u015fti. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte ise ekonomisi alt \u00fcst olmu\u015ftu. Hemen her alanda ekonomik sorunlar ba\u015f g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mustafa Kemal\u2019i yaln\u0131z askeri sorunlar de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda maddi sorunlar da bekliyordu.<br \/>\nMustafa Kemal ve Sivas Temsil Heyeti, Ankara\u2019ya geldiklerinde ellerinde kullanabilecekleri ne b\u00fct\u00e7e ne de hali haz\u0131rda bir hazine yoktu. Oysa kurulmas\u0131 gereken bir ordu, al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken silahlar, karn\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak zorunda oldu\u011fu askerler para beklemekteydi. Yaln\u0131z Anadolu halk\u0131 ile bu nereye kadar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi? Halk bir yandan d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 kendini korumaktan aciz bir devletin bor\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flara vergi \u00f6derken, di\u011fer yandan da kendisini, d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan Kuvay\u0131 Milliye g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta idi.<br \/>\nBu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda bir \u015feyler yapmak, ekonomik kaynak sa\u011flamak, sava\u015f i\u00e7in art\u0131k olmazsa olmaz durumuna gelmi\u015fti. Son Osmanl\u0131 M\u00fcdafii (Medine M\u00fcdafii) Fahrettin Pa\u015fa Afganistan, Pakistan b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve buradan gelen yard\u0131mlarla biraz olsun nefes almam\u0131z sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa da d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yurttan atmak i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildi. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu zor ortam\u0131nda yard\u0131m\u0131m\u0131za Buhara T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti halk\u0131 ve Onun Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Osman Kocao\u011flu yeti\u015fti. T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok alanda \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma hareketi ba\u015flatan Osman Kocao\u011flu.<br \/>\nBug\u00fcne kadar Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n g\u00f6nderdikleri san\u0131lan alt\u0131nlar\u0131 ve silahlar\u0131 Buhara Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Osman Kocao\u011flu y\u00f6netimindeki karde\u015flerimiz g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdir.<br \/>\n28 Temmuz 1968 g\u00fcn\u00fc Hakk&#8217;\u0131n rahmetine kavu\u015fan Osman Kocao\u011flu \u00dcsk\u00fcdar&#8217;daki \u00d6zbekler Tekkesi haziresinde topra\u011fa verilmi\u015ftir. Osman Kocao\u011flu, \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDilde birlik, fikirde birlik, i\u015fte birlik\u201d \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131na her alanda \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Ruslar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flatan, Buhara Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni kuran bir kahraman m\u00fccahit, bir devlet adam\u0131, bir ayd\u0131nd\u0131r. Kocao\u011flu 1878&#8217;de Fergana&#8217;n\u0131n O\u015f kasabas\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f, iyi bir e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok alanda \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma hareketi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve 1920-21 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Buhara Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nBuhara Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklarda Osman Hoca, Osman Hocao\u011flu, Polat Hoca, Usman Khoja&#8230; gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli adlarla an\u0131l\u0131yor, ama o, 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flanan Yeni T\u00fcrkistan dergisindeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda hep Osman KOCAO\u011eLU ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osman Kocao\u011flu&#8217;nun 1900-1922 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Buhara Cumhuriyeti&#8217;ne giden yolda \u00f6zellikle Buhara&#8217;da yapt\u0131klar\u0131, 1924-1991 d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131na egemen olan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi&#8217;nin asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle, ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla bilinemiyor. Bu kahraman insan, Sovyetler d\u00f6nemindeki yay\u0131nlarda, kendi halk\u0131na vatan haini olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zbekistan&#8217;\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, \u00d6zbek tarih\u00e7i Prof. Dr. R\u00fcstem \u015eems\u00fctdinov, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada bu haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131rken, &#8220;Biz tarih\u00e7iler Osman Hoca&#8217;y\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar vatan haini, \u0130ngiliz casusu olarak karalad\u0131k&#8221; demi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en zor aylar\u0131nda bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131na gelen m\u00fccadeleler s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131 destekleyen \u0130ngilizlere olan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanmak isteyen Gazi Mustafa Kemal, \u0130ngilizlerin Anadolu\u2019ya h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131 durumunda Rus g\u00fcvenli\u011finin tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fecek olmas\u0131n\u0131 bir koz olarak kullanm\u0131\u015f ve Ruslar\u0131n yan\u0131m\u0131zda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Lenin\u2019in T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na yard\u0131m g\u00f6nderece\u011fini duyan Buhara Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Osman Kocao\u011flu hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz Y\u00fcz Milyon Alt\u0131n (100.000.000) g\u00f6ndermeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nVagonlara y\u00fcklenerek Anadolu\u2019ya do\u011fru yolu \u00e7\u0131kan alt\u0131nlar\u0131n sadece 18.326.800 alt\u0131n rublelik k\u0131sm\u0131 o da \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde peyderpey T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye teslim edilmi\u015ftir. Osman Kocao\u011flu\u2019nun g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yard\u0131m\u0131n 81.673.200 alt\u0131n ruble tutar\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Lenin taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a gasp edilmi\u015ftir. Ruslar, geri kalan yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 milyon alt\u0131n\u0131, herhalde arac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccreti olarak alm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r!<br \/>\n\u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 devam ederken, Buhara Halk Cumhuriyetinden bir heyet diplomatik temaslar yapmak \u00fczere 17 Ocak 1921\u2019de Ankara\u2019ya gelir. Heyet, beraberinde getirdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 adet alt\u0131n i\u015flemeli k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile Timur\u2019a ait bir Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i Mustafa Kemal\u2019e hediye eder. Sakarya Zaferini tebrik amac\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilen bu hediyeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcteessir olan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, meclis k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden duygu dolu bir konu\u015fmay\u0131 yapar:<br \/>\n\u201cBuhara ahalisinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015flerine hediye olarak g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim ile T\u00fcrkiye Halk Ordusuna ni\u015fane-i takdir ve tebrik olarak irsal eyledi\u011fi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Hak din ile hayat-\u0131 hidame-i kuvveti temsil eden fevkalade muazzam ve k\u0131ymettar iki yadig\u00e2rd\u0131r. Bu emanetleri elinizden al\u0131r iken kalbim heyecan ile doldu. Halk\u0131m\u0131z ve ordumuz uzaklardaki karde\u015flerimizden gelen te\u015febb\u00fcsat ve tebrikat ni\u015fanelerinden, \u015f\u00fcphesiz, \u00e7ok m\u00fctehassis ve mesrur olacaklard\u0131r. Dinda\u015f ve kar\u0131nda\u015f Buhara halk\u0131n\u0131n arzusunu yerine getirmek, bu Kitab-\u0131 Mukaddes\u2019i millete, seyf-i azizi de \u0130zmir fatihine teslim edece\u011fim. Allah\u2019\u0131n inayeti ile \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ve Sakarya muzafferiyetlerini kazanan milli ordumuz, in\u015fallah pek yak\u0131nda bu k\u0131l\u0131nc\u0131 da kazanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Heyet-i muhtereminize de T\u00fcrkiye ahalisi ve ordusu, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti nam\u0131na te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.\u201d (H\u00e2kimiyeti Milliye, 8 k\u00e2nunusani (Ocak) 1922.)<br \/>\nK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lardan biri Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya, di\u011feri Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, 9 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019e girerek H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131na T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken \u0130kinci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni 4. Alay\u0131nda B\u00f6l\u00fck Komutan\u0131 olan Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin Bey \u2019e verilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nYaz\u0131m\u0131; bu konuda daha geni\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile konunun b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyma amac\u0131m\u0131 belirterek sonland\u0131r\u0131rken \u015funu da belirtmeden ge\u00e7mek istemiyorum.<br \/>\nBuhara Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Osman Hoca, \u00fclkesi Sovyet i\u015fgali alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, Afganistan \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erek 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk, Osman Hoca\u2019y\u0131 s\u0131cak bir ilgi ile kabul eder. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7en Osman Hoca, Kocao\u011flu soyad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r, Osman Hoca\u2019ya milletvekili maa\u015f\u0131 ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bu maa\u015f Osman Hoca\u2019n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra kesilmez, e\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar \u00f6denmeye devam eder. Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminde Sovyetler, Osman Hoca\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli tazyikte bulunurlarsa da Atat\u00fcrk buna direnir. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc bu bask\u0131lara dayanamaz ve 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osman Hoca\u2019dan 24 saat i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi terk etmesi istenir. Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019ye yard\u0131m etmek \u00fczere, 100 milyon rublelik alt\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye nakletmek i\u00e7in seferber olan Buhara Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Osman Hoca (Kocao\u011flu) 1923\u2032ten beri vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni terk etmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Ancak, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Savas\u0131ndan sonra, 1946\u2032da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geri d\u00f6nebilir. 1968\u2019de vefat eden Osman Hoca, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Sultantepe\u2019deki \u00d6zbekler Tekkesi\u2019ne defnedilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrk Milli Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tarihi geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci ile a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekir. Bu konular\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131ndaki ya\u015fananlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Son y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n girdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flara; 93 Harbi, Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131, Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 vb., insan ve maddi kaynak sa\u011flayan Anadolu\u2019nun adeta alt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kumbet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24563"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24563\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24568,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24563\/revisions\/24568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}