{"id":26819,"date":"2018-04-12T11:00:09","date_gmt":"2018-04-12T07:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=26819"},"modified":"2018-04-12T09:22:07","modified_gmt":"2018-04-12T05:22:07","slug":"selma-biyikoglu-gurbuz-cocuklar-ordusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=26819","title":{"rendered":"Selma BIYIKO\u011eLU.&#8221;G\u00dcRB\u00dcZ \u00c7OCUKLAR ORDUSU&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/11-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-26833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/11-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/11.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tarih \u00d6\u011fretmeni<\/p>\n<p>Tarihimizde pek bilinmeyen ve de\u011finilmeyen bir kimsesizler hikayesidir \u201cG\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu\u201d. I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeni bitti\u011fi ve sava\u015f\u0131n yaralar\u0131n\u0131n sar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralarda Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in gayretleriyle kurulan bir ordudur. Asl\u0131nda buna sadece bir ordu demek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. G\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu, anne ve babas\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f veya kaybolmu\u015f \u00f6ks\u00fcz ve yetim \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in bir e\u011fitim yuvas\u0131 ve bir aile olmu\u015ftur ayn\u0131 zamanda.<br \/>\nKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen komutanlar\u0131ndan Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa, 15. Kolordu komutan\u0131 olarak Do\u011fu Cephesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lara imza atm\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onun tek \u00f6zelli\u011fi komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda neredeyse tamam\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p enkaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir \u00fclkenin yetim kalan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla da \u00f6zel olarak ilgilenmi\u015fti. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken belliydi: Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 sokaklardan kurtarmak ve iyibir e\u011fitim vererek meslek sahibi yapmakt\u0131. Kaz\u0131m Karabekir de bu ama\u00e7la b\u00f6lgede bir \u00e7ok e\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim kurumu a\u00e7arak yetim ve sahipsiz kalm\u0131\u015f bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim almas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131. Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in bu y\u00f6ndeki ilk faaliyeti Do\u011fuya geldi\u011fi ilk g\u00fcnlerden itibaren ba\u015flad\u0131. 1919\u2019da Erzurum\u2019a giderken yol \u00fczerinde Bayburt\u2019ta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bak\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Erzurum\u2019a nakletme emri vermi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcyecek olan bu projenin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<br \/>\nErzurum\u2019a geldi\u011finde b\u00f6lgede 6000\u2019e yak\u0131n bak\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fun oldu\u011funu belirlemi\u015f ve rapor etmi\u015fti. Bu \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6ks\u00fcz ve yetimliklerini en ac\u0131 \u015fekilde ya\u015f\u0131yor; sokaklarda, a\u011fa\u00e7 kovuklar\u0131nda, ma\u011faralarda a\u011fa\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131 ve ot yiyerek hayatta kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Kaz\u0131m Karabekir bunlar\u0131n durumunu g\u00f6rerek \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00c7ocuk Davam\u0131z\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirmi\u015ftir: \u201cBak\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar millet enerjisinin kaybedilmesi demektir. Bak\u0131ms\u0131z bir fidan kurur, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr veya yabani olur. Bak\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar ise hastal\u0131kl\u0131 olur, \u00f6l\u00fcr veya su\u00e7lu ve cani olur.\u201d Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplayan Kaz\u0131m Karabekir onlara<br \/>\n\u201cG\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu\u201d ismini verdi. 24 May\u0131s 1335\u2019de (1919\u2019da) Erzurum Dar\u00fcleytam\u0131ndan (Yetimler yurdu ) ya\u015f\u0131 12\u2019den yukar\u0131 olan 33 \u00e7ocuk al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra bu say\u0131 bine yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlarla \u00f6zel olarak ilgilenen Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, gece yat\u0131l\u0131 okulu a\u00e7t\u0131, bir ilkokul ve anaokulu da yine a\u00e7\u0131lan okullar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Temel e\u011fitim veren okullar haricinde bu \u00e7ocuklara mesleki e\u011fitim de verildi. En \u00fcnl\u00fc okullardan, Erzurum\u2019da bulunan Firdevsi K\u0131\u015flas\u0131\u2019ndaki i\u015f oca\u011f\u0131na y\u00fcz kadar \u00e7ocuk g\u00f6nderildi. Bu ocakta otomobil tamiri ve \u015fof\u00f6rl\u00fck e\u011fitimi de verilmekteydi. Bu y\u00fczden buraya Otomobil Mektebi ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fti. Sadece okuma-yazma de\u011fil, terzilik, ebelik, di\u015f\u00e7ilik, kundurac\u0131l\u0131k, sara\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi meslekleri \u00f6\u011freniyor; yara sarmak, yaral\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak, m\u00fczik, foto\u011fraf ve tiyatro gibi alanlarda da yeti\u015ftiriliyorlard\u0131. Bu \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca tantanal\u0131 bir s\u00fcnnet d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nKaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Timsal Karabekir, H\u00fcrriyet Gazetesinde yap\u0131lan bir r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda aynen \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<br \/>\n\u201c\u0130nanmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fc\u00e7 ama o g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sinemac\u0131l\u0131k, \u015fimendifer ve buhar makinesi tamiri, s\u0131hhiyecilik e\u011fitimi dahi veriliyordu. Hatta \u00e7ocuklar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ameliyat yapabilecek duruma gelmi\u015fti. Orduya potin ve k\u0131yafet dikerek de yarar sa\u011fl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bile \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olmayan sporB dallar\u0131nda e\u011fitim al\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u201d<br \/>\nMay\u0131s 1920\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde Erzurum\u2019daki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1650\u2019yi bulmu\u015ftu. Kaz\u0131m Karabekir<br \/>\n1 May\u0131s 1920\u2019de Erzurum halk\u0131n\u0131n da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir programda bu te\u015fkilata \u201c\u00c7ocuklar Ordusu Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u201d<br \/>\nad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fini ilan etti.<br \/>\nKaz\u0131m Karabekir Erzurum\u2019da bu \u00f6nemli e\u011fitim faaliyetine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ederken, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan Kars Zaferi\u2019ni de kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kars\u2019ta Ermenileri ma\u011flup eden Karabekir Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131 ordusu i\u00e7in karargah merkezi haline getirdi. Karargah\u0131n buraya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda Ruslardan kalma bir \u00e7ok modern binan\u0131n olmas\u0131 etkili oldu. Karabekir, \u015fehirdeki bu modern binalar\u0131, \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n e\u011fitim faaliyetleri i\u00e7in de bulunmaz bir f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve buray\u0131 \u00c7ocuklar Kasabas\u0131 haline getirmek istemi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019ta eksiklikleri tamamlayarak a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtelif kurslarla, m\u00fczik ve spor mektebi, m\u00fcze, sinema salonu ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ile de tam donan\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u015fehir olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu okullarda \u00fccretsiz e\u011fitim g\u00f6ren \u00e7ocuklar, b\u00f6lgede ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan mesleklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca burada bir S\u0131hhiye Mektebi a\u00e7arak, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bu alanda da e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlayan 50 \u00f6\u011frenci 30 Mart 1923\u2019te mezun olmu\u015f ve do\u011fu vilayetlerinde sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda hizmet vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Askeri \u0130dadisi de kurulmu\u015f ve bu durumu Karabekir, \u201cArt\u0131k \u00e7ocuklar kasabam\u0131z tam kadrosuyla kurulmu\u015f oldu\u201d diyerek nitelendirmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n1922 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, Kars, Trabzon, Ka\u011f\u0131zman, Beyaz\u0131t, I\u011fd\u0131r, Ardahan, Artvin, Rize, S\u00fcrmene ve Erzincan da dahil olmak \u00fczere 17 alay halinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015fti. Her okulun ayn\u0131 tarzda bir bayra\u011f\u0131 ve alay numaras\u0131 vard\u0131. Karabekir Pa\u015fa yaln\u0131zca yetim M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7ocuklara de\u011fil, Ermeni \u00e7ocuklara da ayn\u0131 muameleyi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trabzon\u2019da bir okulu yetim kalm\u0131\u015f Ermeni \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in tahsis etmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nKonu ile ilgili yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00c7ocuk Davam\u0131z\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde kendisinin \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor : \u201cHayat\u0131mda bana zevk veren hayli ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131m vard\u0131r. En zevklisi binlerce bak\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat ve gelece\u011fini kurtarmak olmu\u015ftur.\u201d<br \/>\nSava\u015f\u0131n devam etti\u011fi y\u0131llarda b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmak, bu \u00e7ocuklarla ilgilenip onlar\u0131 her alanda yeti\u015ftirmek ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ona \u201cYetimler Babas\u0131\u201d dendi. Anadolu\u2019nun ba\u011fr\u0131ndan kopup gelen \u00e7ocuklar Kaz\u0131m Karabekir sayesinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f ve bir meslek \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Hatta \u00f6yle ki halk aras\u0131ndan \u015fu sesler s\u0131k s\u0131k duyulur hale gelmi\u015ftir: \u201cKe\u015fke ben de \u00f6lseydim de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yeti\u015fseydi.\u201d<br \/>\nG\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu\u2019nun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tam bir asker gibi de talim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, hakiki top, makineli t\u00fcfek, sahte bomba ve s\u00fcng\u00fc ile de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<br \/>\nTimsal Karabekir, \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda son s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011frencilerinin tamam\u0131 \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in kapat\u0131lan I\u015f\u0131klar Askeri Lisesi\u2019nin G\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu\u2019ndan se\u00e7ilerek g\u00f6nderilen \u00f6\u011frencilerle yeniden a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sonraki y\u0131llarda da sava\u015flarda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bir \u0130ngiliz subay\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: \u201c\u00d6l\u00fc askerleri vard\u0131; 14, 15, 16 ya\u015flar\u0131nda ve inan\u0131n ki g\u00fcl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u0130lk kez kaybedece\u011fimizi o g\u00fcn hissettik.\u201d<br \/>\nKaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu i\u00e7in \u00fcniforma ve bayrak haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f, bir mar\u015f bestelemi\u015f ve ad\u0131na da \u201cT\u00fcrk Y\u0131lmaz\u201d diyerek bu mar\u015f\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131p bir \u00e7ok yerde s\u00f6yletmi\u015ftir. Bu mar\u015f\u0131n s\u00f6zleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<br \/>\n\u201cCihan harbi yang\u0131n\u0131ndan<br \/>\nBa\u011fr\u0131 yan\u0131k vatana T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc bo\u011fmak maksad\u0131yla<br \/>\nGirdi d\u00fc\u015fman askeri \u00c7elik gibi kollu tun\u00e7tan ayakl\u0131<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk hi\u00e7 y\u0131lar m\u0131? T\u00fcrk Y\u0131lmaz,<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk Y\u0131lmaz Cihan y\u0131k\u0131lsa T\u00fcrk Y\u0131lmaz.\u201d<br \/>\nK\u0131z\u0131 Timsal Karabekir\u2019in 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Milliyet gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan \u015fu s\u00f6zleri takdire \u015fayand\u0131r:<br \/>\n\u201cBabam\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131 ve yan\u0131 s\u0131ra binlerce \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131. Son nefesine kadar onlarla yaz\u0131\u015ft\u0131; dertlerine, sevin\u00e7lerine ortak oldu. Milletvekilli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda sokak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile ilgili kanunu meclisten ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kalp krizi ge\u00e7irerek ya\u015fama veda etti.\u201d<br \/>\nDo\u011fu Cephesi Kumandan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa, Do\u011fu illerimizde d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ezdikten ve onu bir daha ba\u015f kald\u0131ramayacak hale getirdikten sonra kendini harap ve viran yerlerimizin imar\u0131na ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yeti\u015fmesine adad\u0131. Gelece\u011fimizi gen\u00e7lere b\u0131rakman\u0131n bilinciyle hareket ederek, onlar\u0131n babas\u0131, hocas\u0131 ve m\u00fcr\u015fidi oldu. Ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fi olarak harplerin boynu b\u00fck\u00fck b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yavrular\u0131, vatana faydal\u0131 bir ki\u015fi olarak yeti\u015ftirdi.<br \/>\nS\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 sadece y\u00fcksek ve k\u0131ymetli bir kumandan\u0131m\u0131z olarak de\u011fil, memleketin selametine ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na kendini adam\u0131\u015f bir b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz olarak yad ediyoruz.<br \/>\nRuhu \u015fad olsun!<\/p>\n<p>KAYNAKLAR :Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, \u00c7ocuk Davam\u0131z<br \/>\nFoto\u011fraflar, www.kazimkarabekirvakfi.org.tr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tarih \u00d6\u011fretmeni Tarihimizde pek bilinmeyen ve de\u011finilmeyen bir kimsesizler hikayesidir \u201cG\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu\u201d. I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeni bitti\u011fi ve sava\u015f\u0131n yaralar\u0131n\u0131n sar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralarda Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in gayretleriyle kurulan bir ordudur. Asl\u0131nda buna sadece bir ordu demek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. G\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu, anne ve babas\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f veya kaybolmu\u015f \u00f6ks\u00fcz ve yetim \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in bir e\u011fitim yuvas\u0131 ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kumbet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26819"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26836,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26819\/revisions\/26836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}