{"id":28916,"date":"2018-11-08T09:00:13","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T05:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28916"},"modified":"2018-11-08T10:50:08","modified_gmt":"2018-11-08T06:50:08","slug":"nizami-c%c9%99f%c9%99rov-turk-dovl%c9%99t-g%c9%99n%c9%99siyi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28916","title":{"rendered":"Nizami C\u018fF\u018fROV.”T\u00dcRK D\u00d6VL\u018fT G\u018fN\u018f\u015e\u0130Y\u0130”"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Az\u0259rbaycanda ATAT\u00dcRK M\u0259rk\u0259zinin direktoru, filologiya elml\u0259ri doktoru, professor, akademik, \u018fm\u0259kdar elm xadimi, Milli M\u0259clisin \u00fczv\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u018fn q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri xarakteriz\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri (b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, birincisi) onlar\u0131n (t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin) z\u0259ngin d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu (v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi) m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nG\u00f6y T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin K\u00fcl tiqin abid\u0259si (732) m\u0259lumat verir:
\n\u00abYuxar\u0131da mavi g\u00f6y, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da qara yer yarad\u0131ld\u0131qda on-lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda insan o\u011flu yarad\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130nsan o\u011flu \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259d\u0259-babalar\u0131m Bum\u0131n ka\u011fanla \u0130stemi ka\u011fan hakim oldular. Hakim olub t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n elini (d\u00f6vl\u0259tini), t\u00f6r\u0259sini (idar\u0259\u00e7ilik qayda-qanunlar\u0131n\u0131) dir\u00e7\u0259ldib m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirdil\u0259r\u00bb\u2026
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, q\u0259dim t\u00fcrkl\u0259r ina\u00acn\u0131r\u00ac-lar ki, ka\u011fan (xaqan) hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n irad\u0259si (m\u0259s\u00acl\u0259\u00ach\u0259\u00acti) il\u0259 g\u0259lir. V\u0259 bunu, maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, ka\u011fan \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 \u00abetiraf\u00bb edir:
\n\u00abT\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131-san\u0131 (\u015f\u0259r\u0259fi) yox olmas\u0131n dey\u0259 atam ka\u00ac\u011fan\u0131, anam xat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259ld\u0259n Tanr\u0131, el (d\u00f6vl\u0259t) ver\u0259n Tanr\u0131 t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131-san\u0131 (\u015f\u0259r\u0259fi) yox olmas\u0131n dey\u0259 m\u0259ni taxta oturtdu\u00bb.
\nV\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, Tanr\u0131 t\u00fcrk ka\u011fan\u0131n\u0131 \u00abse\u00e7ir\u00bb\u2026 T\u00fcrk ka\u011fa\u00acn\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 g\u0259tirilir ki, xalq\u0131n normal ya\u015fay\u0131-\u015f\u0131n\u0131, \u015f\u0259-r\u0259fini t\u0259min etsin\u2026 Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcns\u0259 t\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259sin\u0259, d\u0259d\u0259-baba\u00aclar-dan qalm\u0131\u015f m\u00f6hk\u0259m (v\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s!) qayda-qanunlara \u0259m\u0259l el\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.
\nBu t\u0259l\u0259b h\u0259m ka\u011fana, h\u0259m d\u0259 xalqa aiddir.
\n\u00abT\u00fcrk\u00bb s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 etimoloji m\u0259nalar\u0131ndan (t\u00f6-r\u0259-m\u0259k, artmaq, g\u00fccl\u00fc, q\u00fcdr\u0259tli v\u0259 s.) biri d\u0259 \u00abt\u00f6r\u0259si (qayda-qa\u00acnun\u00ac\u00ac-lar\u0131) olan, yaxud ona riay\u0259t ed\u0259n\u00bb dem\u0259kdir. \u018fslind\u0259, \u00abt\u00fcrk\u00bb s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 veril\u0259n populyar tarixi interpretasiyalardan h\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc m\u0259na-m\u0259zmunca bir-biril\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259\u015fir: t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259k \u2013 t\u00f6r\u0259 il\u0259 ya\u00ac\u015famaq \u2013 g\u00fccl\u00fc-q\u00fcdr\u0259tli (passionar) olmaq\u2026
\nTarixin (v\u0259 ya tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131n) yadda\u015f\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015f \u0259n q\u0259-dim t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Turan (e.\u0259. I minilliyin ortalar\u0131), ilk b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00fcrk h\u00f6km\u00acdar\u0131 is\u0259 Alp \u018fr Tonqad\u0131r\u2026 Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin (v\u0259 onun h\u00f6km-dar\u0131n\u0131n) tarixi q\u00fcdr\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n eran\u0131n sonu yeni eran\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f \u00abAlp \u018fr Tonqa\u00bb dastan\u0131 eram\u0131z\u0131n birinci min\u00acilliyi boyu \u00e7ox m\u0259\u015fhur olmu\u015f, Q\u0259zn\u0259lil\u0259rin h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Sul\u00actan Mahmud Q\u0259zn\u0259vi \u0130ran \u015fairi Firdovsiy\u0259 h\u0259min m\u00f6vzuda \u0259s\u0259r yaz\u0131b t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri (s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259rini) t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm etm\u0259yi sifari\u015f vers\u0259 d\u0259, dahi \u015fair \u00abmilli t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcbke\u015fliyi\u00bb ucbat\u0131ndan Turana yox, \u0130rana \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u00fcrk h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, haql\u0131 olaraq, c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131l-m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin Alp \u018fr Tonqan\u0131n (v\u0259 Tu\u00acra\u00acn\u0131n) \u0259z\u0259m\u0259tin\u0259 he\u00e7 \u00ab\u015eahnam\u0259\u00bb m\u00fc\u0259llifi d\u0259 sona q\u0259d\u0259r k\u00f6lg\u0259 sala bilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.
\nE.\u018f. I minilliyin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin Hun siyasi bir\u00acliyi formala\u015f\u0131r ki, onun yarad\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcm\u0259n ka\u011fan idi\u2026 V\u0259 be-l\u0259likl\u0259, B\u00f6y\u00fck T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00ab\u0259b\u0259di\u00bb tarixi ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nT\u00fcm\u0259nd\u0259n sonra hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 o\u011flu Mete \u2013 q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk epo\u00acsunun q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 O\u011fluz ka\u011fan ke\u00e7ir\u2026 V\u0259 onun zaman\u0131nda B\u00f6\u00acy\u00fck T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcdudlar\u0131 xeyli geni\u015fl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k b\u00fc\u00act\u00f6v-l\u00fckd\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc \u0259hat\u0259 edir.
\nMete (O\u011fzu) ka\u011fan\u0131n m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fchafi\u0259 edilmi\u015f m\u0259\u015f-hur d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyi, y\u0259qin ki, t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyi tarixind\u0259 ilk g\u0259n\u0259\u015fik hadis\u0259si deyildi\u2026
\nD\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n tayfalar h\u0259l\u0259 z\u0259if olan Hunlara el\u00e7i g\u00f6nd\u0259rib ka-\u011fan\u0131n at\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259yirl\u0259r. Mete \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131 toplay\u0131b m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fir. \u00abYox\u00bb deyirl\u0259r\u2026 Ancaq ka\u011fan v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131b at\u0131n ve\u00acril-m\u0259si q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lir\u2026 D\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n bir daha el\u00e7i g\u00f6nd\u0259rib Metenin xan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259yir. Yen\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 ke\u00e7irilir. N\u00fcfuzlu adamlar\u0131n \u0259xlaqs\u0131z iddiaya k\u0259skin etiraz\u0131na baxmayaraq ka\u011fan bu d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 gedir\u2026 Az\u011f\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u0259f\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin yaras\u0131z bir torpaq sah\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b etdikd\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn top\u00aclananlardan b\u0259zil\u0259ri ka\u011fana \u00abver getsin\u00bb, -deyirl\u0259r \u2013 \u00ab\u018fv\u00acv\u0259l-ki iddialarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 bu t\u0259l\u0259b he\u00e7 n\u0259dir\u00bb. Ka\u011fan q\u0259z\u0259b\u00acl\u0259nib h\u0259min adamlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 vurdurur. V\u0259 deyir ki, \u00ab\u0259vv\u0259l g\u00fc\u00acz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 get-dikl\u0259rim \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n m\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259nsub idi, torpaq is\u0259 d\u00f6v\u00acl\u0259tindir, onu he\u00e7 kim \u00f6z xo\u015funa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 ver\u0259 bilm\u0259z\u00bb\u2026
\nBu \u0259fsan\u0259-m\u0259nb\u0259 q\u0259dim t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259m d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259-n\u0259\u015fiyinin olmas\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259m onun format\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259rar \u00e7\u0131-xarma f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sini (\u00fcsul, metod, son s\u00f6z\u00fcn kim\u0259 m\u0259xsus olmas\u0131 v\u0259 s.) \u0259ks etdirir.
\nEram\u0131z\u0131n ilk \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259n Q\u0259rb\u0259 \u00abaxan\u00bb hunlar h\u0259m bir s\u0131ra m\u00fcasir t\u00fcrk (q\u0131p\u00e7aq) xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyur, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259sini (\u00fcmum\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini) Av\u00acropaya yay\u0131rlar. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 Atilla d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (I minilliyin or\u00actalar\u0131nda) Hunlar\u0131n (t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin) Q\u0259rbi Avropaya t\u0259siri yeni dinin (xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n) qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 mane\u0259l\u0259ri aradan qald\u0131raraq \u00abqo-calm\u0131\u015f Avropan\u0131 cavanla\u015fd\u0131rmaq c\u0259hdi\u00bb kimi xarakteriz\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r.
\nQ\u0259rbi Avropada Hunlar (v\u0259 Atilla) il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259nfi ste-reo\u00actipl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, obyektiv ara\u015fd\u0131r-malar (m\u0259\u00acs\u0259l\u0259n, bax: Laszlo Maracz. The Huns in Western con\u00acs-ciousness: inages, stereotypes and civilization. \u2013 Global \u2013 Turk, 2015, \u21161-2) g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri Avropaya \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.
\nI minilliyin ortalar\u0131nda B\u00f6y\u00fck T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 G\u00f6y T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259ti (imperiyas\u0131) simas\u0131nda t\u0259zah\u00fcr edir\u2026
\n\u018fvv\u0259lki t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri kimi \u0259sas co\u011frafiyas\u0131n\u0131 B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7\u00f6\u00acl\u00fcn t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi G\u00f6y T\u00fcrk imperiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin d\u00f6v\u00acl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu (v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi) texnologiyalar\u0131 bar\u0259sind\u0259 yal\u00ac-n\u0131z \u015fifahi yox, h\u0259m d\u0259 z\u0259ngin yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r \u2013 \u00abK\u00fcltiqin, Bil\u00acg\u0259 ka\u011fan, Tonikuk abid\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00f6vcuddur. V\u0259 bundan sonra Ta\u00acrix t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyi bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fm\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 yaz\u0131r.
\nTuran, Hun v\u0259 G\u00f6y T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t-imperiyalar\u0131ndan sonra t\u00fcrk\u00acl\u0259r D\u00fcnyaya harmoniya g\u0259tir\u0259n bir s\u0131ra b\u00f6y\u00fck si-yasi birlikl\u0259r d\u0259 yarad\u0131rlar: Qaraxanl\u0131lar, S\u0259lcuqlar, Mo\u011fol-lar, Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordal\u0131lar, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r, Osmanl\u0131lar\u2026
\nE.\u0259. II minilliyin sonu I minilliyin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015f-layan (ondan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 min il \u0259vv\u0259l is\u0259 \u00fcmumaltay \u00abt\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259\u00bbsi olan!), t\u0259xmin\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7 min illik ard\u0131c\u0131l, davaml\u0131 tarix\u0259 malik t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r universal qanunauy\u00ac\u011fun-luqlar\u0131ndan, modell\u0259rind\u0259n (v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259, geno\u00actipo\u00aclo\u00acgi-yas\u0131ndan) b\u0259hs etm\u0259k olar.
\nV\u0259 bu m\u00f6vzuda daha \u0259sasl\u0131 s\u00f6hb\u0259t a\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6-y\u00fck tarix\u00e7il\u0259r \u018fbd\u00fclqadir \u0130nan, B\u0259ha\u0259ddin \u00d6g\u0259l, Mir\u0259li Se-yidov\u2026 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015f imkanlar yaratm\u0131\u015flar.
\nT\u00fcrk c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin strukturu, m\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi 1) ail\u0259 (o\u011fu\u015f), 2) ail\u0259l\u0259r birliyi (uru\u011f), 3) tayfa (boy), 4) tayfalar birliyi (budun), 5) xalq (el) iyerarxiyas\u0131na \u0259saslan\u0131r.
\nTayfan\u0131 (boyu) \u2013 b\u0259y; tayfalar birliyini (budunu) \u2013 yab-qu, \u015fad v\u0259 ya ilt\u0259b\u0259r; xalq\u0131 (eli) is\u0259 ka\u011fan idar\u0259 edir.
\nB\u00f6y\u00fck T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (imperatorlu\u011fu), \u0259slind\u0259, \u00abboylar konfederasiyas\u0131\u00bbd\u0131r ki, burada h\u0259m bir idar\u0259\u00e7ilik demok\u00acra\u00actiz\u00acmi, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259z\u00e7iliyi sars\u0131da bil\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r \u00abboy (tayfa) s\u0259r-b\u0259stliyi\u00bb vard\u0131r.
\nV\u0259 fmkrimizc\u0259, t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyi ka\u011fanl\u0131q t\u0259kha\u00acki-miy\u00ac\u00ac\u00acy\u0259tliliyi il\u0259 (xalq\u0131n \u00f6z passionar azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259) d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131 ehtiyac\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 dialoq v\u0259 ya diskurs (\u00fcnsiyy\u0259t) z\u0259rur\u0259tind\u0259n yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n\u00dcmumi q\u0259na\u0259t bundan ibar\u0259tdir ki:
\n\u00abB\u00f6y\u00fck Hunlardan ba\u015flayaraq h\u0259r t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259 d\u00f6v-l\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rinin m\u00fczakir\u0259 olundu\u011fu (m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fildiyi) bir m\u0259clis var\u00acd\u0131r. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r \u00abToy\u00bb, mo\u011follardan sonra \u00abQurultay\u00bb ad\u00acla\u00acnan bu m\u0259clisl\u0259rin qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 burada i\u015ftirak ed\u0259nl\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nmi\u015f, s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 (m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259) m\u00f6vzular\u0131 da d\u0259yi\u015filmi\u015fdir. Boy (tay\u00acfa) b\u0259y\u00acl\u0259ri bir s\u0131ra xan\u0259dan m\u0259nsublar\u0131 v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259\u00acmur\u00aclar\u0131 bu m\u0259clisd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fl\u0259r\u00bb (B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk Klasikleri, I c., \u00d6t\u00fcken \u2013 S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct).
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin (imperiyalar\u0131n\u0131n) z\u0259ngin tarixi t\u0259c-r\u00fcb\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k (v\u0259 onlar\u0131 m\u00f6vcud ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar \u0259sa\u00acs\u0131n-da \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k) t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyini t\u0259hlil etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faq\u2026
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdi-r\u0259n c\u0259\u00ach\u0259t\u00acl\u0259rd\u0259n birincisi, he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, h\u00f6kmdar, yaxud d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f-\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kultudur\u2026 Hunlar\u0131n \u0259fsan\u0259vi h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Mete \u2013 O\u011fuz ka\u00ac\u011fan \u00c7in imperatoruna yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubu bu c\u00fcr ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131: \u00abHun-lar\u0131n G\u00f6y (Tanr\u0131) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n taxta \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ka\u011fan\u0131\u00bb \u2026G\u00f6y T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 da xalqa m\u00fcraci\u0259tind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u0259hz bu c\u00fcr t\u0259qdim el\u0259mi\u015fdi\u2026
\nLakin t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259 ka\u011fan, bir s\u0131ra q\u0259dim xalqlardan f\u0259rqli olaraq, he\u00e7 d\u0259 Tanr\u0131 m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li deyil. V\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Tanr\u0131 (G\u00f6y) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131q, x\u00fcsusi s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t (kut!) verilmi\u015f ka\u011fan missiyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259 yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259s\u0259, Tan\u00acr\u0131 onu \u00f6z himay\u0259sind\u0259n m\u0259hrum edib s\u0259rt c\u0259zaland\u0131ra bil\u0259r.
\nBununla bel\u0259 ka\u011fan olmaq iddias\u0131, prinsip etibaril\u0259, yaln\u0131z ka\u011fan soyundan (n\u0259slind\u0259n) g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. V\u0259 \u00e7oxlu id\u00acdia\u00ac\u00e7\u0131lardan kimin ka\u011fan olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 yen\u0259 d\u0259 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n ira\u00acd\u0259si m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00f6z geni\u015f \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015f (h\u0259t\u00acta t\u00fcrkl\u0259r aras\u0131nda k\u00fctl\u0259vil\u0259\u015fmi\u015f!) bir m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00abD\u00fcn\u00acya d\u00f6vl\u0259ti\u00bb ideyas\u0131d\u0131r ki, bunun m\u0259zmunu Tanr\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrk ka\u00ac\u011fan\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn D\u00fcnyan\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tini verm\u0259si ina-m\u0131\u00acd\u0131r. V\u0259 bu inam Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131x-m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u2026
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar is\u0259 o dem\u0259kdir ki, t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin z\u0259ruriliyini, m\u00f6vzusunu, vaxt\u0131n\u0131 (m\u0259qam\u0131n\u0131), format\u0131n\u0131, yerini v\u0259 s. h\u00f6kmdar (d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131) m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. \u00c7\u00fcnki o, m\u00fc\u00acq\u0259dd\u0259s bir missiya icra ed\u0259n (Tanr\u0131n\u0131n irad\u0259sini yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259n) m\u00fctl\u0259q hakimdir\u2026 Lakin d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sind\u0259 t\u00fcrk h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259cburiyy\u0259t (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lardan aktiv v\u0259 ya passiv t\u0259z-yiq) \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n d\u0259 g\u0259n\u0259\u015fik ke\u00e7irm\u0259l\u0259ri faktlar\u0131 az olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. V\u0259 bu, ad\u0259t\u0259n, \u00aba\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar\u00bb\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rmaq (onlara ya t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k, ya da g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259k) m\u0259qs\u0259di da-\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nBir d\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259 (t\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259si) vard\u0131r ki, ka\u011fan n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00abha-kimi-m\u00fctl\u0259q\u00bb olsa da ona riay\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 borcludur. V\u0259 buraya, \u0259sas\u0259n, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 qaydalar daxildir:
\n1) Xalq\u0131n (d\u00f6vl\u0259tin) taleyil\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri ka\u011fan g\u0259-n\u0259\u015fiksiz h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z;
\n2) d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyind\u0259 xalq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn q\u0259d\u0259r maksimum t\u0259msil olunmal\u0131d\u0131r;
\n3) he\u00e7 olmasa ild\u0259 bir d\u0259f\u0259 (v\u0259 h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 eyni vaxtda), z\u0259-ruri oldu-olmad\u0131, d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyi (toy, qurultay, divan v\u0259 s. formatlar\u0131nda) ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir;
\n4) d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyini ka\u011fan (h\u00f6kmdar) yox, ham\u0131n\u0131n h\u00f6rm\u0259t etdiyi n\u00fcfuzlu a\u011fsaqqal (bilg\u0259) idar\u0259 etm\u0259lidir;
\n5) arzu ed\u0259n h\u0259r k\u0259sin dan\u0131\u015fmaq, fikir s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k, m\u00f6vqe bildirm\u0259k h\u00fcququ vard\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n ikinci c\u0259h\u0259t t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu (v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi) \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin z\u0259nginliyidir, qayda-qanunlara (t\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259) ciddi riay\u0259t olun\u00acma\u00acs\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r ka\u011fan t\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259sinin \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 pozarsa, Tanr\u0131 da ondan \u00fcz d\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259r. V\u0259 bu t\u0259l\u0259b t\u00fcrkl\u0259r islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etdikd\u0259n sonra da \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 (m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq) davam etdirilmi\u015fdir\u2026
\nT\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259sinin \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rt-prinsipi is\u0259 \u00ab\u0259dal\u0259tlilik\u00bbdir!..
\nKa\u011fan idar\u0259 etdiyi xalq\u0131n \u2013 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin (n\u0259tic\u0259 eti-ba\u00acril\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n!) taleyin\u0259 cavabdehdir\u2026 Bunun h\u0259yata ke-\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcns\u0259 \u0259n optimal (v\u0259 populyar) yol d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u00ac\u015fiyi olmu\u015fdur. Xalqla m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k (h\u0259tta buna ciddi ehtiyac g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259s\u0259 bel\u0259!) h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259 riay\u0259t etm\u0259sinin \u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi n\u00fcmayi\u015fi say\u0131la bil\u0259rdi.
\nLakin t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin tarixind\u0259 el\u0259 qurultaylar da olmu\u015fdur ki, h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n t\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi yenilikl\u0259ri, yeni qaydalar\u0131 t\u0259s-diq etm\u0259k (b\u0259y\u0259nm\u0259k), yaxud da onun m\u0259zmunu il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyind\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ham\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fin-d\u0259n q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f (\u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi) v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u00abh\u00f6kmdar (ka\u011fan) \u2013 xalq\u00bb m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin qurulmas\u0131nda, idar\u0259\u00e7ilik texnolo\u00acgiya\u00acla-r\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259mimiliyind\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin (imperiyan\u0131n) uzun\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00acl\u00fc\u00acl\u00fc\u00acy\u00fcn\u00acd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nT\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l olunmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259suliyy\u0259tini ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 ka\u011fan da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131\u2026
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u0259h\u0259t d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259razic\u0259 geni\u015f co\u011frafiyan\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259k-l\u0259 \u00e7oxlu sayda tayfa birlikl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil olunmas\u0131 idi\u2026 D\u00f6v\u00acl\u0259t daxili informasiya m\u00fcbadil\u0259sinin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 h\u00f6kmdar f\u0259rman-lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00aba\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar\u00bba \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u00aba\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar\u00bbdak\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n operativ olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0259k\u00acsin\u0259, \u00e7oxlu sayda texnoloji \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin oldu\u011fu) d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 toy\u00aclar, qurultaylar v\u0259 s. miqyas\u0131nda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n g\u0259n\u0259\u015fikl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck eh\u00actiyac var idi. V\u0259 bu ehtiyac \u00e7ox zaman h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n \u00abm\u00fctl\u0259q ha-kimiyy\u0259t\u00bb s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, g\u0259n\u0259\u015fikl\u0259rin h\u0259tta vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olaraq ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si z\u0259rur\u0259tini do\u011fururdu.
\nM\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u00abD\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud\u00bb eposunda (v\u0259 onun \u0259sas\u0131nda yaz\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00abKitabi-D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud\u00bbda) vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 toy (g\u0259n\u0259-\u015fik) ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259n h\u00f6kmdara qar\u015f\u0131 O\u011fuz b\u0259yl\u0259rinin ciddi nara\u00acz\u0131-l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ondan incim\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyind\u0259 imperiyalar\u0131n \u0259razinin ge-ni\u015f\u00acli-yi\u00acnd\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n probleml\u0259ri h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra t\u0259d\u00acbirl\u0259r g\u00f6\u00acr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr:
\n1) t\u0259l\u0259sik ke\u00e7irilm\u0259li olan d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyin\u0259 yaln\u0131z az say\u00acda z\u0259ruri \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r (d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u00abir\u0259li \u00e7\u0131xanlar\u00bb\u0131) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r;
\n2) ka\u011fan (h\u00f6kmdar) daha yax\u0131n adamlar\u0131 (saray \u0259yan\u00acla-r\u0131n\u0131) toplayaraq g\u0259n\u0259\u015fik (m\u00fczakir\u0259) aparm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u0131xa-r\u0131lan q\u0259rarlar \u00aba\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar\u00bba g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015fdir.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdi-r\u0259n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u0259h\u0259t c\u0259miyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat uklad\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 S\u00fclh \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259, ad\u0259t\u0259n, y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiy\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 ehtiyac ol-mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda ax\u0131nlar v\u0259 ya m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r zaman\u0131 bu, qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz ol-mu\u015fdur.
\nH\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, h\u00f6kmdar s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259-fin\u00acd\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan ordunun \u00fcmumi ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, m\u00fcasir t\u0259birl\u0259, \u00aba\u00acli ba\u015f komandan\u00bb\u0131 idi. \u0130kincisi, ax\u0131na ged\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 ya \u00f6lk\u0259ni d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n h\u00fccumlar\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k ordunun b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si m\u0259hz m\u00fcharib\u0259 \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 xalq i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259n toplan\u0131rd\u0131. V\u0259 n\u0259\u00acha-y\u0259t, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc is\u0259, h\u0259min ordunun \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259sini y\u00fck\u00acs\u0259lt\u00acm\u0259k, hans\u0131 \u00fcmumi ideallar (V\u0259t\u0259n, din, h\u00f6kmdar v\u0259 s.) u\u011frunda d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259yini izah etm\u0259k laz\u0131m g\u0259lirdi.
\nS\u00fclh \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fikl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259n-t\u0259n\u0259, bayram \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259si h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u00e7ox g\u00fccl\u00fc olmu\u015fdur. V\u0259 bu za-man dini ayinl\u0259r icras\u0131na, yem\u0259k-i\u00e7m\u0259k m\u0259clisl\u0259rin\u0259, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif xarakterli (v\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi) yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259, m\u00fckafatlar\u0131n t\u0259qdimin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t verilmi\u015fdir.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n be-\u015finci c\u0259h\u0259t t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin beyn\u0259lxalq n\u00fcfuzu v\u0259 ya beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259suliyy\u0259tidir\u2026 Art\u0131q qeyd edildiyi kimi, t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00abD\u00fcnya d\u00f6vl\u0259ti\u00bb ideyas\u0131 (v\u0259 iddialar\u0131) kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc olmu\u015fdur. Geni\u015f bir co\u011frafiyan\u0131 (Avroasiyan\u0131!) m\u0259s\u00ackun-la\u015fd\u0131ran (v\u0259 idar\u0259 ed\u0259n)t\u00fcrk h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyi ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131n miqyas\u0131 da geni\u015f idi. G\u0259n\u0259\u015fiy\u0259 yaln\u0131z m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131 deyil, \u00abh\u00fcdudsuz\u00bb co\u011frafiyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif xalqlar\u0131 da qa\u00act\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131lar.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyin\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t olunanlar\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 n\u0259inki m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dill\u0259rd\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan (v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li) xalq-lar\u0131n (tayfalar\u0131n), h\u0259tta xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin (d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin) n\u00fcma\u00acy\u0259n\u00acd\u0259\u00acl\u0259ri d\u0259 olurdu. Bu m\u0259nada t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin \u00abd\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u00bb\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq olar.
\nV\u0259 yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n\u2026 T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin, \u00fcmu-m\u0259n t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyinin h\u0259m yaranmas\u0131nda, h\u0259m d\u0259 inki-\u015faf\u0131nda q\u0259dim \u015e\u0259rq d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u00c7in) m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259ri d\u0259 olmu\u015fdur ki, bu, \u0259sas\u0259n, t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u00abD\u00fcnya d\u00f6v\u00acl\u0259ti\u00bb (d\u00fcnyan\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k) iddialar\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259-lirdi. V\u0259 \u00abd\u00fcnya il\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t\u00bb ist\u0259yinin (mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ya siya-s\u0259tinin) n\u0259tic\u0259si idi. Burada \u00abk\u0259nardan t\u0259sir v\u0259 ya t\u0259zyiq\u00bbd\u0259n ona g\u00f6r\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259t ged\u0259 bilm\u0259z ki, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 \u00abbeyn\u0259lmil\u0259l (v\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi!) texnologiyalar\u00bb\u0131 z\u0259if, yaxud \u0259sar\u0259td\u0259 olduqlar\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 deyil, m\u0259hz g\u00fccl\u00fc v\u0259 ya ge-ni\u015f bir co\u011frafiyada hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 olduqlar\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259\u00acnim-s\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n al\u00act\u0131n-c\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259t onun i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imind\u0259n v\u0259 ya t\u0259rkibin-d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.
\nQ\u0259dimd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 (im-periya\u00aclar\u0131nda), q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259 olan t\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fin\u0259 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 h\u00f6kmdar soyundan olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r (qeyd ed\u0259k ki, onlar\u0131n dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u00f6vqe tu-turdular), ikinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, tayfa ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 (b\u0259yl\u0259r), \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc n\u00f6v-b\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259, h\u0259rbi, dini v\u0259 s. liderl\u0259r, a\u011fsaqqallar d\u0259v\u0259t edi\u00aclir\u00acdi\u00acl\u0259r. Bu qayda o q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00f6hk\u0259m idi ki, ka\u011fan (h\u00f6kmdar) t\u0259r\u0259\u00acfin\u00acd\u0259n ona \u0259m\u0259l olunmasa, y\u0259ni d\u0259v\u0259t olunmal\u0131 \u015f\u0259xs d\u0259v\u0259t edil\u00acm\u0259s\u0259, kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r ciddi skandal yarana bil\u0259rdi.
\nQurultay v\u0259 ya toyun ka\u011fan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ir\u0259lic\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259y-y\u0259n edilmi\u015f miqyas\u0131ndan (format\u0131ndan) as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq, xalq k\u00fct\u00acl\u0259-l\u0259\u00acrinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 da g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n idi. Burada \u0259sas rolu d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259\u00acn\u0259\u015fi-yinin \u00abjanr\u00bb\u0131, hans\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si oynay\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fg\u0259r g\u0259n\u0259\u015fik, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u00fcharib\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 ya s\u00fclh ba\u011flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131sa bir, t\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklik, yaxud t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259-bayram \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn idis\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir t\u0259rkib m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259 bil\u0259rdi. Ancaq \u0259sas hey\u0259t, ad\u0259\u00act\u0259n, d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z idi.
\nT\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n yed-dinci c\u0259h\u0259t onun kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l ke\u00e7irilm\u0259 qay\u00acda\u00acla-r\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fcasir terminl\u0259 des\u0259k, protokolunun m\u00f6vcud olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nTarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r (v\u0259 onlar\u0131n verdiyi m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n m\u00fcqa-yis\u0259li ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131laraq \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si) g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki:
\n1) d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyinin toy, qurultay, divan v\u0259 s. Forma-s\u0131n\u00acda ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun x\u00fcsusi yeri (m\u0259qam\u0131) olurdu (h\u0259tta b\u0259z\u0259n at \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 ke\u00e7irilirdi);
\n2) h\u0259min yer d\u00f6vl\u0259t simvollar\u0131 (bayraq, q\u0259d\u0259h, dam\u011fa v\u0259 s.) il\u0259 \u00abb\u0259z\u0259dilirdi\u00bb;
\n3) h\u0259r k\u0259sin oturmaq (h\u0259tta yatmaq, dinc\u0259olm\u0259k) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi yeri olurdu ( he\u00e7 kim he\u00e7 kimin yerini tuta bilm\u0259zdi);
\n4) h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 m\u00f6vqeyin\u0259, statusuna uy\u011fun yem\u0259kl\u0259r ve-rilirdi (v\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s at\u0131n, mal\u0131n, yaxud qoyunun hans\u0131 hiss\u0259sini yey\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bilirdi);
\n5) d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015find\u0259 s\u0259s-k\u00fcy\u00fcn, qar\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131n olmama-s\u0131na, n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin nizam-intizama riay\u0259t etm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 (onlar bu\u00acna onsuz da ad\u0259t el\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r) x\u00fcsusi n\u0259zar\u0259t\u00e7i (yasavul) ca\u00acvabdeh idi v\u0259 s.
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259\u00acn\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259n\u0259\u015fiyi, do\u011frudan da, m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l bir t\u00f6r\u0259 (qa\u00acnunvericilik) qurumu (orqan\u0131) olmu\u015fdur. V\u0259 o, n\u0259inki m\u00fcs\u00act\u0259-qil d\u00f6vl\u0259ti olan (v\u0259 modern parlamentarizm tex\u00acno\u00aclo\u00acgi\u00acya\u00acla\u00acr\u0131ndan u\u011furla faydalanan) t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n, h\u0259tta bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r d\u00f6v-l\u0259tin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 milli azl\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin d\u0259 etnik t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u0259 (etnoqrafiyas\u0131nda) bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ya\u015fay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u0259nb\u0259: http:\/\/ataturk.az<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycanda ATAT\u00dcRK M\u0259rk\u0259zinin direktoru, filologiya elml\u0259ri doktoru, professor, akademik, \u018fm\u0259kdar elm xadimi, Milli M\u0259clisin \u00fczv\u00fc. \u018fn q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri xarakteriz\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri (b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, birincisi) onlar\u0131n (t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin) z\u0259ngin d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu (v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi) m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6y T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin K\u00fcl tiqin abid\u0259si (732) m\u0259lumat verir: \u00abYuxar\u0131da mavi g\u00f6y, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da qara yer yarad\u0131ld\u0131qda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,43,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub","category-turkxalqlaridbiyyati","category-turkiy-dbiyyati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28916"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28925,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28916\/revisions\/28925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}