{"id":28950,"date":"2018-11-10T09:00:39","date_gmt":"2018-11-10T05:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28950"},"modified":"2018-11-10T09:26:57","modified_gmt":"2018-11-10T05:26:57","slug":"10-kasim-cagdas-turkiye-cumhuriyetinin-kurucusu-ve-mimari-onerim-sayin-osman-gazi-mustafa-kemal-ataturkun-anim-gunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=28950","title":{"rendered":"10 Kas\u0131m-\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrkiye C\u00fcmhuriyetinin kurucusu ve mimar\u0131 \u00d6nerim Say\u0131n Osman Gazi Mustafa Kemal ATAT\u00dcRK\u00fcn an\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa (Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0627), Soyad\u0131 Kanunu’ndan (1934) sonra Atat\u00fcrk[3] (19 May\u0131s 1881[2], Selanik \u2013 10 Kas\u0131m 1938, \u0130stanbul), T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 1923’ten 1938’e de\u011fin g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f kurucusu ve ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, mare\u015fal ve daha evvelinde bir Osmanl\u0131 subay\u0131.<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir ordu subay\u0131yd\u0131. Sava\u015f sonunda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun yenilgisini takiben T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki T\u00fcrk Ulusal Hareketi’ne \u00f6nderlik etmi\u015ftir. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde Ankara H\u00fck\u00fbmeti’ni kurmu\u015f, askeri eylemleriyle \u0130tilaf Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri bozguna u\u011fratm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkleri zafere g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Atat\u00fcrk daha sonra eski Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nu modern ve sek\u00fcler bir ulus devletine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in politik, ekonomik, toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel reformlar ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Liderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda binlerce yeni okul in\u015fa edildi. \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00fccretsiz ve zorunlu hale getirildi. Kad\u0131nlara sivil e\u015fitlik ve politik haklar verildi. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fcklenen a\u011f\u0131r vergiler azalt\u0131ld\u0131.[4][5]<\/p>\n

Bu makale serisinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r
\nMustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk
\nMustafaKemalAtaturk oval.png
\n\u00d6zel Hayat\u0131[g\u00f6ster]
\nAsker\u00ee kariyeri[g\u00f6ster]
\nAtat\u00fcrk Devrimleri[g\u00f6ster]
\nAtat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck[g\u00f6ster]
\nAyr\u0131ca[g\u00f6ster]
\nGaleri: Resim, Ses, video
\ng t d
\nT\u00fcrk Ordular\u0131 Ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 olarak Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi’ndeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1921 tarihinde “Gazi” unvan\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve mare\u015falli\u011fe y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.[5] Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131’n\u0131 kurmu\u015f ve ilk genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.[6] 1938 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki vefat\u0131na kadar arka arkaya 4 kez cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen Atat\u00fcrk, bu g\u00f6revi en uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcr\u00fcten cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.[5]<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk tarihte oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli rolden dolay\u0131 pek \u00e7ok yazar ve tarih\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan incelenmi\u015f ve hakk\u0131nda 379 eser yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle hakk\u0131nda en \u00e7ok eser yaz\u0131lan ilk 100 ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnyada ilk kez ve tek \u00f6rnek olmak \u00fczere, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in UNESCO \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan, kendisinin 100. do\u011fum y\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ve t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin oy birli\u011fiyle 1981 y\u0131l\u0131 “Atat\u00fcrk Y\u0131l\u0131” olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Dergilerinin Kas\u0131m 1981 say\u0131s\u0131nda da, Atat\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrkiye konusu ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1839’da Kocac\u0131k’ta do\u011fdu\u011fu san\u0131lan[7] babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi, aslen Manast\u0131r’a ba\u011fl\u0131 Debre-i B\u00e2l\u00e2’dand\u0131r.[8] Babas\u0131n\u0131 ailesi 14-15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Anadolu’dan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f olan Kocac\u0131k Y\u00f6r\u00fcklerindendir.[7][8][9][10][11] Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re ise babas\u0131n\u0131n ailesi Arnavutlardand\u0131r.[12][13][14][15] Annesinin k\u00f6keni ise Karaman’dan Rumeli’ye gelen T\u00fcrkmenlerdendir.[16] Ailesi ile Selanik’e g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Ali R\u0131za Bey,[17] burada g\u00fcmr\u00fck memurlu\u011fu ve kereste ticareti yapt\u0131.[18] Ali R\u0131za Bey ayr\u0131ca 93 Harbi (1877-78) esnas\u0131nda yerel birliklerde te\u011fmenlik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[19]<\/p>\n

Ali R\u0131za Bey, 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 1857 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik’in bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Langaza’da \u00e7ift\u00e7i bir ailede do\u011fan[19][20] Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m’la evlenmi\u015fti.[21] Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, bu \u00e7iftin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak rum\u00ee 1296 (milad\u00ee 1881) y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik’te do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 19 May\u0131s tarihini do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmi\u015ftir.[22] Fatma, \u00d6mer, Ahmet, Naciye ve Makbule adl\u0131 be\u015f karde\u015finin ilk d\u00f6rd\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.[23][24]<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frenim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelen Mustafa’n\u0131n hangi okula gidece\u011fi konusunda annesi ile babas\u0131 aras\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Annesi Mustafa’n\u0131n Haf\u0131z Mehmet Efendi’nin mahalle mektebine gitmesini istiyor, babas\u0131 ise o d\u00f6nemki yeni y\u00f6ntemlerle e\u011fitim yapan sek\u00fcler[19] Mektebi \u015eemsi \u0130btidai’nde (\u015eemsi Efendi Mektebi) okumas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. En sonunda \u00f6nce mahalle mektebine ba\u015flayan Mustafa, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra \u015eemsi Efendi Mektebi’ne ge\u00e7ti.[25] Atat\u00fcrk, okul se\u00e7imindeki bu karar\u0131 i\u00e7in hayat\u0131 boyunca babas\u0131na minnettarl\u0131k duymu\u015ftur.[19] 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.[26] Bir s\u00fcre Rapla \u00c7iftli\u011fi’nde annesinin \u00fcvey karde\u015fi[19] H\u00fcseyin’in yan\u0131nda kal\u0131p hafif \u00e7iftlik i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra -e\u011fitimsiz kalaca\u011f\u0131ndan endi\u015fe eden annesinin iste\u011fiyle-[19] Selanik’e d\u00f6n\u00fcp okulunu bitirdi.[27] Bu arada Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m, Selanik’te g\u00fcmr\u00fck memuru olan Rag\u0131p Bey ile evlendi.[28]<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi m\u00fcze olan Koca Kas\u0131m Pa\u015fa Mahallesi, Islahhane Caddesi’ndeki ev 1870’te Rodoslu m\u00fcderris Hac\u0131 Mehmed Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 1878’de yeni evlenen Ali R\u0131za Bey taraf\u0131ndan kiralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak o \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra Mustafa ve ailesi bu evden yan\u0131ndaki 2 katl\u0131, 3 odal\u0131 ve mutfakl\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck eve ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[29]<\/p>\n

Mustafa, sek\u00fcler bir okul olan ve b\u00fcrokrat yeti\u015ftiren[19] Sel\u00e2nik M\u00fclkiye R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi’ne kaydoldu. Ancak muhitindeki asker\u00ee \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fcniformalar\u0131ndan da etkilenerek[19] -annesinin kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen-[19] 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sel\u00e2nik Asker\u00ee R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi’ne girdi. Bu okulda matematik \u00f6\u011fretmeni Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u00dcsk\u00fcpl\u00fc Mustafa Sabri Bey, ona anlam\u0131 m\u00fckemmellik, olgunluk olan “Kemal” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.[30] Frans\u0131zca \u00f6\u011fretmeni Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Nakiy\u00fcddin Bey (Y\u00fccek\u00f6k), \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle gen\u00e7 Mustafa Kemal’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi. Mustafa Kemal Kuleli Asker\u00ee \u0130dadisi’ne girmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcyse de ona a\u011fabeylik yapan Sel\u00e2nikli subay Hasan Bey’in tavsiyesine uyarak Manast\u0131r Asker\u00ee \u0130dadisi’ne kaydoldu. 1896-1899 y\u0131llar\u0131nda okudu\u011fu Manast\u0131r Asker\u00ee \u0130dadisi’nde tarih \u00f6\u011fretmeni Kola\u011fas\u0131 Mehmet Tevfik Bey (Bilge), Mustafa Kemal’in tarihe olan merak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.[31] Bu tarihte ba\u015flayan 1897 Osmanl\u0131-Yunan Sava\u015f\u0131’na g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kat\u0131lmak istediyse de hem idadi \u00f6\u011frencisi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hem de 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 cepheye gidememi\u015ftir. Bu okulu ikincilikle bitirdi.[32] 13 Mart 1899’da[33] [34] \u0130stanbul’da Mekteb-i Harbiye-i \u015eahane’ye girdi. Birinci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 27., ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 11., \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 1902’de m\u00fclaz\u0131m (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ismiyle Te\u011fmen) r\u00fctbesiyle 549 ki\u015fi aras\u0131ndan piyade s\u0131n\u0131f sekizincisi (1317 – P.8) olarak bitirdi.[32] Akabinde Erkan-\u0131 Harbiye Mektebi’ne (Harp Akademisi) devam ederek 11 Ocak 1905’te ”kurmay y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131” r\u00fctbesiyle mezun oldu.[35]<\/p>\n

Askerlik (1905-1918)
\nErken d\u00f6nem<\/p>\n

K\u0131demli Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131
\nKurmay Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Mustafa Kemal, mezuniyetinin ard\u0131ndan merkezi \u015eam’da bulunan 5.Ordu’ya staj amac\u0131yla g\u00f6nderildi. Bu staj\u0131nda piyade, s\u00fcvari ve top\u00e7u s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131.1905-1907 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u015eam’da L\u00fctfi M\u00fcfit Bey (\u00d6zde\u015f) 5. Ordu emrinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. \u0130lk staj\u0131 5. Ordu’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 30’uncu S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131’nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.[36] Bu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck r\u00fctbeli stajyer bir kurmay subay olarak Suriye’nin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerindeki isyanlarla ilgilenen Mustafa Kemal, “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sava\u015f” (gerilla sava\u015f\u0131) \u00fczerine tecr\u00fcbe kazand\u0131. \u0130syanlarla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt aydan sonra \u015eam’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 1906 Ekim ay\u0131nda Binba\u015f\u0131 L\u00fctfi Bey, Dr. Mahmut Bey, L\u00fcfti M\u00fcfit (\u00d6zde\u015f) Bey ve asker\u00ee tabip Mustafa Cantekin ile ‘Vatan ve H\u00fcrriyet’ adl\u0131 bir cemiyeti kurduktan sonra ordudan izinsiz Sel\u00e2nik’e gitti. Sel\u00e2nik Merkez Komutan Muavini Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Cemil Bey (Uybad\u0131n)’in yard\u0131m\u0131yla karaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve orada cemiyetinin \u015fubesini a\u00e7t\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre sonra arand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi ve ona a\u011fabeylik yapan Albay Hasan Bey, Yafa’ya d\u00f6n\u00fcp oran\u0131n komutan\u0131 Ahmet Bey’e M\u0131s\u0131r s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda B\u00eer\u00fcssebi’ye g\u00f6nderildi\u011fini bildirmesini \u00f6nerdi. Ahmet Bey de Mustafa Kemal’i B\u00eer\u00fcssebi’ye tayin etti ve bir s\u00fcre sonra top\u00e7u staj i\u00e7in tekrar \u015eam’a g\u00f6nderildi.[37] 20 Haziran 1907’de Kola\u011fas\u0131 (k\u0131demli y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131) oldu ve 13 Ekim 1907’de 3.Ordu’ya kurmay olarak atand\u0131[35] ancak Sel\u00e2nik’e vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ‘Vatan ve H\u00fcrriyet’in \u015fubesinin \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’ne ilhak edildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi. Bu y\u00fczden kendisi de 1908 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’ne \u00fcye oldu (\u00dcye numaras\u0131: 322)[38]. 22 Haziran 1908’de Rumeli Do\u011fu B\u00f6lgesi Demiryollar\u0131 M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fine atand\u0131.[35]<\/p>\n

23 Temmuz 1908’de Me\u015frutiyet’in ilan\u0131ndan sonra Aral\u0131k 1908 sonlar\u0131nda[39] \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan toplumsal ve siyasal sorunlar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik problemlerini incelemek \u00fczere bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Libya’n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Trablusgarp’a g\u00f6nderildi. Burada 1908 Devrimi’nin fikirlerini Libyal\u0131lara yaymaya ve buradaki n\u00fcfusun farkl\u0131 kesimlerinden gelenleri J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk politikas\u0131na kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[40] Bu siyasi g\u00f6revin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile de ilgilendi. Kentin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir sava\u015f tatbikat\u0131nda Bingazi Garnizonu’na \u00f6nderlik ederek askerlere modern taktikler \u00f6\u011fretti. Bu tatbikat s\u00fcresince isyana meyilli \u015eeyh Mansur’un evini sararak b\u00f6lgede sistem kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ba\u015fka g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ki\u015filere \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla onu kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca hem kentli insanlar\u0131 hem de k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lge insanlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in bir yedek ordu planlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.[39][41]<\/p>\n

13 Ocak 1909’da 3. Ordu’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Sel\u00e2nik Redif F\u0131rkas\u0131’n\u0131n Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu ve 13 Nisan 1909’da Me\u015frutiyet’e kar\u015f\u0131 3. Ordu’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Ta\u015fk\u0131\u015fla’da konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f 2. ve 4. Avc\u0131 Taburlar\u0131’n\u0131n isyan\u0131yla ba\u015flayan, di\u011fer birliklerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla geni\u015fleyen 31 Mart Ayaklanmas\u0131’n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak \u00fczere Sel\u00e2nik ve Edirne’den yola \u00e7\u0131karak Mirliva Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda 19 Nisan 1909’da \u0130stanbul’a girecek olan Hareket Ordusu’na ba\u011fl\u0131 birinci kademe birliklerinin kurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Daha sonra 3. Ordu Kurmayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 3. Ordu Subay Talimg\u00e2h\u0131 Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 5. Kolordu Kurmayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 38. Piyade Alay\u0131 Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerinde bulundu.[35][39]<\/p>\n

Stuart Kline’\u0131n T\u00fcrk Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kronolojisi kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re[42], Mustafa Kemal, 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’da d\u00fczenlenen Picardie Manevralar\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Burada yeni \u00fcretilen u\u00e7aklar\u0131n deneme u\u00e7u\u015fular\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa, bu u\u00e7u\u015flardan birine kat\u0131lmak isteyen Mustafa Kemal’i \u00f6nledi. Ve akabinde u\u00e7u\u015f yapan o u\u00e7ak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f esnas\u0131nda yere \u00e7ak\u0131ld\u0131.[43] Baz\u0131 kaynaklar taraf\u0131ndan, bu hik\u00e2yeye dayanarak Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn u\u00e7a\u011fa binmekten korktu\u011fu iddia edilse de kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Kline, Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn olaydan sonra 3 defa u\u00e7a\u011fa bindi\u011finden bahseder.[44]<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1911’de \u0130stanbul’da Genelkurmay Kararg\u00e2h\u0131’nda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131.[45]<\/p>\n

Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131
\nAyr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n

Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131’nda, Mustafa Kemal
\n\u0130talyanlar’\u0131n Trablusgarp’a sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1911’de ba\u015flayan Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131’nda, 27 Kas\u0131m 1911’de Binba\u015f\u0131[35] olan Mustafa Kemal, Binba\u015f\u0131 Enver Bey, Fuat (Bulca), Nuri (Conker) ve Binba\u015f\u0131 Fethi (Okyar) gibi di\u011fer \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 subaylarla birlikte 18 Aral\u0131k 1911’de hareket etti.[46] Mustafa Kemal ile grubu, M\u0131s\u0131r’da Kahire[47] ve \u0130skenderiye \u00fczerinden Bingazi’ye gitti. 19 Ekimde \u0130skenderiye’den yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan bir s\u00fcre sonra bir hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7irdi.[48] 22 Aral\u0131k’ta Tobruk yak\u0131n\u0131nda zafer kazand\u0131. Derne’deki 16 – 17 Ocak 1912 taarruzunda g\u00f6z\u00fcnden yaralan\u0131p bir ay hastanede tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve 6 Mart’ta Derne Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na getirildi.[49] Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n eyl\u00fcl\u00fcnde ba\u015flayan bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ra\u011fmen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrerken, Karada\u011f’\u0131n 8 Ekim’de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne sava\u015f ilan etmesi ve Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 nedeniyle bar\u0131\u015fa raz\u0131 olunmas\u0131yla Mustafa Kemal ve di\u011fer subaylar \u0130stanbul’a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131
\nAyr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131
\nBalkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Trablusgarp’ta g\u00f6rev yapan Derne Komutan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal ve Binba\u015f\u0131 Nuri Bey, bu sava\u015flarda g\u00f6rev almak istediler.[50] Mustafa Kemal, d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 Harbiye Nezareti Enver Bey’in de izni ile 24 Ekim 1912’de Trablusgarp’tan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[50] 24 Kas\u0131m 1912’de kararg\u00e2h\u0131 Bolay\u0131r’da bulunan Bahr-i Sefit Bo\u011faz\u0131 (Akdeniz Bo\u011faz\u0131) Kuvayi M\u00fcrettebesi Harek\u00e2t \u015eubesi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ne atand\u0131.[51] Osmanl\u0131 ordusu burada general Stilian Georgiev Kovachev komutas\u0131ndaki Bulgar 4. Ordusuna yenildi. Haziran 1913’de ba\u015flayan \u0130kinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131’nda komutas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki birliklerle Dimetoka ve Edirne’ye girdi.<\/p>\n

27 Ekim 1913’te Sofya asker\u00ee ata\u015feli\u011fine atanarak yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Sofya sefiri (el\u00e7isi) Fethi Bey (Okyar)’in alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[52] Ek g\u00f6rev olarak Belgrad ve \u00c7etine asker\u00ee ata\u015feli\u011fini de y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.[52] Bu g\u00f6revde iken 1 Mart 1914’te yarbayl\u0131\u011fa (kaymakam) y\u00fckseldi.[52]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa (Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0627), Soyad\u0131 Kanunu’ndan (1934) sonra Atat\u00fcrk[3] (19 May\u0131s 1881[2], Selanik \u2013 10 Kas\u0131m 1938, \u0130stanbul), T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 1923’ten 1938’e de\u011fin g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f kurucusu ve ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, mare\u015fal ve daha evvelinde bir Osmanl\u0131 subay\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir ordu subay\u0131yd\u0131. Sava\u015f sonunda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun yenilgisini takiben T\u00fcrk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkxalqlaridbiyyati","category-turkiy-dbiyyati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28950"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28963,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28950\/revisions\/28963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}