{"id":29246,"date":"2018-11-23T01:00:10","date_gmt":"2018-11-22T21:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=29246"},"modified":"2018-11-23T09:47:37","modified_gmt":"2018-11-23T05:47:37","slug":"ars-gor-dr-mustafa-sargin-tokat-masallari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=29246","title":{"rendered":"Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r. Dr. Mustafa Sarg\u0131n.&#8221;TOKAT MASALLARI&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/46694862_1806806929427974_484834140508651520_n.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/46694862_1806806929427974_484834140508651520_n.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"218\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29256\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Uzun k\u0131\u015f gecelerinin vazge\u00e7ilmez anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan masal, olay \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan sevgi, sayg\u0131, iyilik, sab\u0131r, akl\u0131 kullanma, adalet, ihanet, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, yalanc\u0131l\u0131k, zorbal\u0131k gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131 tema, motif ve tiplerin, \u00fcretilip ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal \u00e7evrenin madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleriyle bezendi\u011fi, e\u011flenme ve vakit ge\u00e7irme i\u015flevinin \u00f6ncelikli oldu\u011fu, dinleyiciye \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc veya a\u00e7\u0131k mesajlar ileten, anlat\u0131m tekni\u011fi ve \u00fcsl\u00fbbuyla di\u011fer halk anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131la\u015fan, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olaylar\u0131n hik\u00e2yeleriymi\u015f bi\u00e7imi olarak kabul edildi\u011fi, hayal\u00ee mek\u00e2n ve kahramanlar\u0131n sembolle\u015ftirilerek nesir bi\u00e7iminde sunuldu\u011fu anonim halk anlat\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Uzun tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle bir\u00e7ok medeniyeti bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ve son bin y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011finde bulunan Tokat y\u00f6resinin s\u00f6zl\u00fc halk anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p incelenmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyeti ile yo\u011frularak zengin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr hazinesine sahip Tokat y\u00f6resinin s\u00f6zl\u00fc halk anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu ve ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ortamlar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131; nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan miraslar\u0131m\u0131zdan masallar\u0131n derlenmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<br \/>\nBu ama\u00e7la, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin m\u00e2li deste\u011fiyle 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ay\u0131nda ba\u015flanan ve be\u015f ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nemde toplam 150 g\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Tokat y\u00f6resi masallar\u0131n\u0131n derlenmesi ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tokat il merkezi d\u00e2hil 12 il\u00e7e merkezi, 36 belde ve 132 k\u00f6y olmak \u00fczere toplam 180 yerle\u015fim biriminde ara\u015ft\u0131rma gezileri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Derlemelerde ses kay\u0131t cihaz\u0131, kamera ve foto\u011fraf makinesi kullan\u0131larak 205 kaynak ki\u015fiyle yap\u0131lan y\u00fcz y\u00fcze g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler neticesinde toplam 544 masal derlenmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan yedisi kad\u0131n dokuzu erkek olmak \u00fczere toplam on alt\u0131 masal anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, performans y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re \u201cTokat Masallar\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u0130ncelemeler\u201d adl\u0131 doktora tezimizde incelenmi\u015ftir. Derleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde masal ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015fsak, bunun sebebi orada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n masal bilmemesi de\u011fil, bizim sadece do\u011fru ki\u015filerle bulu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r.<br \/>\nTokat y\u00f6resinde yap\u0131lan alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u201cmasal\u201d teriminin yan\u0131nda, bu t\u00fcr anlat\u0131lar i\u00e7in halk\u0131n \u201chekiya\/hekaye\u201d, \u201cgel\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcme\u201d, \u201ckoca kar\u0131 hik\u00e2yesi\u201d, \u201cd\u00fczmece\u201d, \u201corannama\u201d ve \u201cuzaklama\u201d kelimelerini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kavramlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 Tokat y\u00f6resinin her yerinde yayg\u0131n de\u011fildir. Bunlardan gel\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcme ve bilhassa uzaklama terimi, Erbaa ve Niksar il\u00e7elerinin birbirine yak\u0131n k\u00f6ylerinde; orannama ise Re\u015fadiye il\u00e7esinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cHik\u00e2ye\u201d terimi ise b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6rede bilinir. Hik\u00e2ye terimi ayn\u0131 zamanda efsane, destan, halk hik\u00e2yesi, f\u0131kra, masal ve hatta ki\u015fisel ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar da d\u00e2hil b\u00fct\u00fcn anlat\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\nTokat y\u00f6resinde masal anlat\u0131m ortamlar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. Masallar k\u00f6y odalar\u0131nda, kahvehanelerde, ev oturmalar\u0131nda, cezaevlerinde ve i\u015f arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ortamlarda anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Masal anlat\u0131m ortamlar\u0131nda kimler yok ki. Dedeler, nineler, anneler, babalar, torunlar, kom\u015fular, kad\u0131nlar, erkekler, \u00e7oluk-\u00e7ocuk herkes bulunur. Uzun k\u0131\u015f gecelerinde bir araya gelen akraba ve kom\u015fular, bir yandan eri\u015fte kesip \u015fehriye d\u00f6kerken, di\u011fer yandan da usta masalc\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cuzaklamalar\u0131n\u0131\u201d dinlerler. Hem kazak ve \u00e7orap \u00f6r\u00fcp y\u00fcn e\u011firirler, hem t\u00fct\u00fcn demet ederler, hem de masal anas\u0131ndan ya da masal atas\u0131ndan, kimi zaman devlerle m\u00fccadele edip onlar\u0131 yenen g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 Alicik masal\u0131n\u0131 kimi zaman \u00f6ks\u00fcz Fatmac\u0131k&#8217;\u0131n maceralar\u0131n\u0131 kimi zaman da bir \u015fehzadenin kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dinlerler. Zaman\u0131n ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fini kimse anlamaz. Anlatc\u0131lar, o kadar g\u00fczel masal anlat\u0131r ki a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan bal damlar. Bildiklerini balland\u0131ra balland\u0131ra anlat\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131na doyum olmaz. Bu sebeple tek bir masal dinlemekle yetinmeyen dinleyiciler, usta anlat\u0131c\u0131lara birden fazla masal anlatt\u0131r\u0131rlar.<br \/>\nYap\u0131lan tespitlere g\u00f6re, masal ortamlar\u0131nda sadece masal anlat\u0131lmaz. Y\u00f6renin \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck olaylar, tarih\u00ee, din\u00ee konular gibi hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131yla ilgili hususlarda sohbet edilir; \u00e7e\u015fitli oyunlar oynan\u0131p e\u011flenceler d\u00fczenlenir.<br \/>\nKonu, motif, tema ve \u00e7e\u015fitli olaylar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan evrensel niteliklere sahip bir masal, Tokat y\u00f6resinde anlat\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Tokat y\u00f6resinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel unsurlar\u0131yla bezenir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, masal kahramanlar\u0131 Tokat y\u00f6resindeki geleneklere g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yapar. K\u0131z isteme, s\u00f6z kesme, ni\u015fan, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gibi evlili\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131, Tokat y\u00f6resi \u00f6rf ve adetlerine uygun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Masal kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131n yedikleri yiyecekler, i\u00e7tikleri i\u00e7ecekler, giydikleri elbiseler\u2026 hep Tokat y\u00f6resine aittir. Hatta masal\u0131n insan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki varl\u0131klar\u0131 dahi Tokat k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleriyle yo\u011frulur. Konuyla ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Milli Folklor Dergisi\u2019nin 117. Say\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u201cTokat Masallar\u0131nda Yerelle\u015fme\u201d adl\u0131 makaleye bak\u0131labilir.<br \/>\nTokat y\u00f6resinde 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren radyo; 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra televizyon ve 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra da cep telefonu ve bilgisayar gibi ileti\u015fim ve e\u011flence ara\u00e7lar\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. \u00dclkemizin di\u011fer yerlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Tokat y\u00f6resinde de masal anlatma gelene\u011fi, de\u011fi\u015fen toplumsal hayat \u015fartlar\u0131, kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7ler, sosyal ve ekonomik geli\u015fmelerin etkisiyle ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde yitirerek yok olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ok nadir olarak da olsa aile ortamlar\u0131nda dedeler, nineler, babalar ya da analar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocuklara ve torunlara anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, Tokat y\u00f6resi masallar\u0131 ile ilgili ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, masal gelene\u011finin son temsilcilerinden derlenen metinlerin kaydedilmesiyle \u201cTokat Masallar\u0131 \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u0130ncelemeler\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, T\u00fcrk masal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uzun k\u0131\u015f gecelerinin vazge\u00e7ilmez anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan masal, olay \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan sevgi, sayg\u0131, iyilik, sab\u0131r, akl\u0131 kullanma, adalet, ihanet, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, yalanc\u0131l\u0131k, zorbal\u0131k gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131 tema, motif ve tiplerin, \u00fcretilip ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal \u00e7evrenin madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleriyle bezendi\u011fi, e\u011flenme ve vakit ge\u00e7irme i\u015flevinin \u00f6ncelikli oldu\u011fu, dinleyiciye \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc veya a\u00e7\u0131k mesajlar ileten, anlat\u0131m tekni\u011fi ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kumbet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29246"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29258,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29246\/revisions\/29258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}