{"id":29475,"date":"2019-01-11T02:00:56","date_gmt":"2019-01-10T22:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=29475"},"modified":"2019-01-11T08:36:12","modified_gmt":"2019-01-11T04:36:12","slug":"asiq-%c9%99d%c9%99biyyatinda-isl%c9%99n%c9%99n-seir-janrlari-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=29475","title":{"rendered":"A\u015f\u0131q \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n \u015feir janrlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ae-edebiyyat-az.com_.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ae-edebiyyat-az.com_-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ae-edebiyyat-az.com_-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ae-edebiyyat-az.com_.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Qo\u015fma<\/p>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131q \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f janrlar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 Qo\u015fmad\u0131r. H\u0259r b\u0259ndi d\u00f6rd misradan v\u0259 h\u0259r misras\u0131 on bir hecadan ibar\u0259t olan \u015feir \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 Qo\u015fma deyilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u018fd\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131qda qo\u015fmaya \u201cM\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t \u015feiri\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cA\u015fiqan\u0259 \u015feir\u201d d\u0259 deyilir. Qo\u015fman\u0131n ilk b\u0259ndind\u0259 birinci v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc misralar s\u0259rb\u0259st olur. \u0130kinci v\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc misralar is\u0259 bir-biri il\u0259 qafiy\u0259l\u0259nir: abcb. Sonrak\u0131 b\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 ilk \u00fc\u00e7 misra \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda qafiy\u0259l\u0259nir, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc misra is\u0259 birinci b\u0259ndin ikinci v\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc misras\u0131 il\u0259 qafiy\u0259l\u0259nir: \u00e7\u00e7\u00e7b,dddb\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Qo\u015fmada b\u0259ndl\u0259rin say\u0259 t\u0259k v\u0259 c\u00fct olur. Az\u0259rbaycan \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131nda b\u0259zi qo\u015fmalar 3,5,7,9 b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 2,4,6,8 b\u0259ndd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olur. Qo\u015fman\u0131n son b\u0259ndind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif ad\u0259t\u0259n \u00f6z t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. H\u0259min b\u0259nd \u201cm\u00f6h\u00fcrb\u0259nd\u201d adlan\u0131r. \u018fd\u0259biyyta\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcsl\u0131qda son b\u0259nd\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n \u201ctap\u015f\u0131rma\u201d da deyilir.<\/p>\n<p>Qo\u015fma \u0259sas\u0259n heca v\u0259znind\u0259 olur. Misradaxili b\u00f6lg\u00fc 6+5, 5+6, 4+4+3 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olur. A\u015f\u0131q \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda v\u0259 klassik \u0259d\u0259biyyatda da i\u015fl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n<p>Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus yer tutan g\u00f6rk\u0259mli Xalq \u015fairl\u0259rimizin d\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda qo\u015fma janr\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015feirl\u0259r\u0259 rast g\u0259linir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, N\u0259riman H\u0259s\u0259nzad\u0259nin \u201cM\u0259n\u201d,\u201dAy H\u0259kim\u201d, Z\u0259limxan Yaqubun \u201cG\u0259lib\u201d, \u201cD\u0259li olma\u011f\u0131ma bir add\u0131m qal\u0131b\u201d, B\u0259xtiyar Vahabzad\u0259nin \u201cBak\u0131yla T\u0259brizin arars\u0131ndayam\u201d, \u201dS\u0259ninl\u0259 d\u00fcnyada b\u0259xtiyram m\u0259n\u201d v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n<p>DA\u011eLAR<\/p>\n<p>Bahar f\u0259sli, yaz aylar\u0131 g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259<br \/>\nS\u00fcs\u0259nli, s\u00fcnb\u00fcll\u00fc, lalal\u0131 da\u011flar.<br \/>\nYoxsulu, \u0259rbab\u0131, \u015fah\u0131, g\u0259dan\u0131<br \/>\nTutmaz bir-birind\u0259n alal\u0131* da\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>X\u0259st\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259p\u0259sind\u0259 qar olur,<br \/>\nH\u0259r c\u00fcr \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k a\u00e7\u0131r, lal\u0259zar olur,<br \/>\n\u00c7\u0435\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n Abi-H\u0259yat car olur,<br \/>\nDa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r m\u00f6hn\u0259ti, m\u0259lal\u0131 da\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131n bir ay\u0131d\u0131 \u00e7ox yax\u015f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n;<br \/>\nK\u0259silm\u0259z \u00e7\u0435\u015fm\u0259nd\u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l y\u0131\u011fna\u011f\u0131n.<br \/>\nAxtarma motal\u0131n, ya\u011f\u0131n, qayma\u011f\u0131n\u2026<br \/>\nZ\u0259nbur \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259yind\u0259n bal al\u0131, da\u011flar!<\/p>\n<p>Yay\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 d\u00f6n\u0259rs\u0259n xana,<br \/>\nSon ayda b\u0259nz\u0259rs\u0259n y\u0435tkin bostana.<br \/>\nPay\u0131z\u0131n z\u0259mh\u0259ri* qoyur virana,<br \/>\nDa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n calal\u0131, da\u011flar!<\/p>\n<p>Gahdan \u00e7iskin t\u00f6k\u0259r, gah duman \u0435yl\u0259r,<br \/>\nGah g\u0259lib-g\u0435d\u0259ni p\u0259ri\u015fan \u0435yl\u0259r,<br \/>\nGahdan q\u0435yz\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259r, nahaq qan \u0435yl\u0259r,<br \/>\nDin\u015f\u0259m\u0259z haram\u0131, halal\u0131 da\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f xalat b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u0259r, z\u0259rni\u015fan g\u0435ym\u0259z,<br \/>\nH\u0435\u00e7 k\u0259si dindirib, x\u0259trin\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259z.<br \/>\nS\u0259rdara s\u00f6z d\u0435m\u0259z, \u015faha ba\u015f \u0259ym\u0259z,<br \/>\nQ\u00fcdr\u0259td\u0259n s\u0259ng\u0259rli, qalal\u0131 da\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259r \u0435ll\u0259r, d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r s\u0259nd\u0259n aral\u0131,<br \/>\nFirq\u0259tind\u0259n g\u00fcl-n\u0259rgizin saral\u0131.<br \/>\n\u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r M\u0259cnun t\u0259k yardan yaral\u0131,<br \/>\nd\u0259 d\u0259rdli, nalal\u0131, da\u011flar!<\/p>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131q \u018fL\u018fSG\u018fR.<\/p>\n<p>* Alal\u0131 \u2013 f\u0259rqli<\/p>\n<p>Qeyd: Yeni d\u00f6vr Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m \u0259s\u0259ri olan \u201cKoro\u011flu\u201d dastan\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259zm hiss\u0259si qo\u015fma v\u0259 g\u0259rayl\u0131lardan ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n<p>Qo\u015fman\u0131n m\u0259zmununa g\u00f6r\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259ri d\u0259 var:<\/p>\n<p>1. G\u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259m\u0259 2. V\u00fccudnam\u0259 3. Ustadnam\u0259 4. Q\u0131f\u0131lb\u0259nd<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259m\u0259\u2014g\u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259rin v\u0259sfin\u0259 h\u0259sr edil\u0259n a\u015fiqan\u0259 m\u0259zmunlu qo\u015fmalard\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131q \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin \u201cG\u00fcl\u0259ndam\u201d, \u201cXur\u015f\u0131d\u201d, \u201cM\u00fc\u015fkinaz\u201d v\u0259 ba\u015fqa g\u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r, qo\u015fmalar\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ndir.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fccudnam\u0259-Qo\u015fmn\u0131n m\u0259zmununa g\u00f6r\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. \u0130nsan\u0131n be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r olan d\u00f6vr\u00fc sadalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ustadnam\u0259 a\u011fsaqqal, b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u00f6z\u00fc, b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcn n\u0259sih\u0259ti, m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259ti m\u0259nas\u0131nda ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259lidir. Ad\u0259t\u0259n m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t dastanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 ustadnam\u0259 bir-birinin arxas\u0131nca verilir. Bu is\u0259 dastana forma yara\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ver\u0259n, onu g\u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n, hadis\u0259ni tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, dinl\u0259yicinin, oxucunun diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n, bir az da dastanda ba\u015f ver\u0259c\u0259k \u0259hvalatlardan qabaqcadan \u00fcst\u00fc\u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 soraq ver\u0259n n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rdir. Dastan\u0131n \u0259vvellind\u0259 veril\u0259n ustadnam\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259r birind\u0259 insan f\u0259zil\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n, \u0259xlaqi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Ustadnam\u0259l\u0259r ictimai-f\u0259ls\u0259fi v\u0259 didaktik \u015feirl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda formala\u015f\u0131r. Onlar deyildiyi kimi, ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda a\u015f\u0131q yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259qil qo\u015fmalar kimi yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, A\u015f\u0131q Abbas Tufarqanl\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur qo\u015fmas\u0131na n\u0259z\u0259r salaq:<\/p>\n<p>Ay h\u0259z\u0259rat, bir zamana g\u0259libdi,<br \/>\nAla qar\u011fa \u015fux t\u0259rlan\u0131 b\u0259y\u0259nm\u0259z.<br \/>\nO\u011fullar atan\u0131, q\u0131zlar anan\u0131,<br \/>\nG\u0259linl\u0259r d\u0259 qaynanan\u0131 b\u0259y\u0259nm\u0259z.<\/p>\n<p>(A\u015f\u0131q Abbas Tufarqanl\u0131)<\/p>\n<p>Q\u0131f\u0131lb\u0259nd-Qo\u015fman\u0131n m\u0259zmununa g\u00f6r\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 Q\u0131f\u0131lb\u0259nddir.  Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda tapmacaya b\u0259nz\u0259yir. \u0130ki a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n deyi\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 deyilir. \u015e\u0259rt\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, iki a\u015f\u0131q deyi\u015fir. \u00dcst\u00fc\u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 sual\u0131n cavab\u0131n\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n ist\u0259yir. M\u0259\u011flub olan saz\u0131n\u0131 qalib g\u0259l\u0259n a\u015f\u0131\u011fa h\u0259diyy\u0259 etm\u0259lidir. Daha \u00e7ox ictimai-siyasi, dini v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t m\u00f6vzular\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, XIX \u0259srd\u0259 Ustad Al\u0131 il\u0259 \u015fagirdi A\u015f\u0131q \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r deyi\u015fmi\u015f. Az\u0259rbaycan A\u015f\u0131q \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n forma-m\u0259zmun, ideya-s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259sna xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olan Ustad A\u015f\u0131q \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r bil\u0259r\u0259kd\u0259n deyi\u015fm\u0259 zaman\u0131 Ustad\u0131na m\u0259\u011flub olur. S\u0259n\u0259t\u0259, saza, s\u00f6\u0259 xatir Ustad Al\u0131 saz\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259yir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u0259rayl\u0131<\/p>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131q \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015feir janrlar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 g\u0259rayl\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259r b\u0259ndi d\u00f6rd misradan, h\u0259r misras\u0131 8 hecadan ibar\u0259t olan \u015feir \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 G\u0259rayl\u0131 deyilir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u0259rayl\u0131n\u0131n ilk b\u0259ndind\u0259 birinci v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc misralar s\u0259rb\u0259st olur. \u0130kinci v\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc misralar is\u0259 bir-biri il\u0259 qafiy\u0259l\u0259nir: abcb. Sonrak\u0131 b\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 ilk \u00fc\u00e7 misra \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda qafiy\u0259l\u0259nir, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc misra is\u0259 birinci b\u0259ndin ikinci v\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc misras\u0131 il\u0259 qafiy\u0259l\u0259nir: \u00e7\u00e7\u00e7b,dddb\u2026<\/p>\n<p>G\u0259rayl\u0131da b\u0259ndl\u0259rin say\u0131 t\u0259k v\u0259 c\u00fct olur. Az\u0259rbaycan \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131nda b\u0259zi g\u0259rayl\u0131da 3,5,7,9 b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 2,4,6,8 b\u0259ndd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olur. G\u0259rayl\u0131n\u0131n son b\u0259ndind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif ad\u0259t\u0259n \u00f6z t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. H\u0259min b\u0259nd \u201cM\u00f6h\u00fcrb\u0259nd\u201d adlan\u0131r. \u018fd\u0259biyyta\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcsl\u0131qda son b\u0259nd\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n \u201cTap\u015f\u0131rma\u201d da deyilir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u0259rayl\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n heca v\u0259znind\u0259 olur. Misradaxili b\u00f6lg\u00fc 4-4, 5-3, 3-5 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olur. Ah\u0259ngdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n g\u0259rayl\u0131 A\u015f\u0131q \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda v\u0259 klassik \u0259d\u0259biyyatda da i\u015fl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0415YRAN<\/p>\n<p>Durum dolan\u0131m ba\u015f\u0131na,<br \/>\nQa\u015f\u0131, g\u00f6z\u00fc qara C\u0435yran!<br \/>\nSald\u0131n \u0435\u015fqin ata\u015f\u0131na,<br \/>\n\u0415yl\u0259 d\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ara, C\u0435yran!<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6z \u0435\u015fidib, \u0259rzim qansan,<br \/>\nM\u0259n yanana s\u0259n d\u0259 yansan.<br \/>\n\u00d6z\u00fcn bir t\u00fcl\u0259k t\u0259rlansan,<br \/>\nNiy\u0259 uydun sara, C\u0435yran?!<\/p>\n<p>\u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r\u0259m, abdal ollam,<br \/>\n\u0415\u015fqin girdab\u0131nda qallam.<br \/>\nK\u00fcsd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f\u0259m, k\u00f6nl\u00fcn allam<br \/>\nYalvara-yalvara, C\u0435yran!<\/p>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131q \u018fL\u018fSG\u018fR.<\/p>\n<p>Kamran MURQUZOV,<br \/>\nAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u018fd\u0259biyyat Portal\u0131n\u0131n<br \/>\nM\u0259tbuat xidm\u0259tinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri,<br \/>\nAz\u0259rbaycan Jurnalistl\u0259r Birliyinin \u00fczv\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qo\u015fma A\u015f\u0131q \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f janrlar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 Qo\u015fmad\u0131r. H\u0259r b\u0259ndi d\u00f6rd misradan v\u0259 h\u0259r misras\u0131 on bir hecadan ibar\u0259t olan \u015feir \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 Qo\u015fma deyilir. \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131qda qo\u015fmaya \u201cM\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t \u015feiri\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cA\u015fiqan\u0259 \u015feir\u201d d\u0259 deyilir. Qo\u015fman\u0131n ilk b\u0259ndind\u0259 birinci v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc misralar s\u0259rb\u0259st olur. \u0130kinci v\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc misralar is\u0259 bir-biri il\u0259 qafiy\u0259l\u0259nir: abcb. Sonrak\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29475"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29496,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29475\/revisions\/29496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}