{"id":30131,"date":"2019-04-09T08:00:13","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T04:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30131"},"modified":"2019-04-09T11:15:07","modified_gmt":"2019-04-09T07:15:07","slug":"seyid-%c9%99zim-sirvani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30131","title":{"rendered":"Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani (9 iyul 1835 \u2014 20 may 1888) \u2014 XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi v\u0259 maarif\u00e7isi.[1]<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat\u0131
\nSeyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani 1835-ci il iyul ay\u0131n\u0131n 10-da \u015eamax\u0131da ruhani ail\u0259sind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Seyid \u018fzim ki\u00e7ik ya\u015flar\u0131nda ik\u0259n \u015eamax\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rind\u0259n olan atas\u0131 Seyid M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir. Seyid \u018fzim ana babas\u0131 molla H\u00fcseynin himay\u0259si alt\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Molla H\u00fcseyn Da\u011f\u0131standa Yaqsay k\u0259ndind\u0259 ruhanilik edirdi. Babas\u0131ndan \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim t\u0259xmin\u0259n 10 il sonra \u015eamax\u0131ya qay\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 burada m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259d\u0259 oxuyub orta ruhani t\u0259hsilini tamamlay\u0131r.[2]<\/p>\n

1856-c\u0131 ild\u0259 ali ruhani t\u0259hsili almaq h\u0259v\u0259si 21 ya\u015fl\u0131 g\u0259nc Seyid \u018fzimi \u0130raqa, \u0259vv\u0259l N\u0259c\u0259f v\u0259 Ba\u011fdada, sonra is\u0259 Suriyan\u0131n \u015eam \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 apar\u0131r. G\u0259nc \u015fair \u0130raqda oxuyark\u0259n d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u015eamax\u0131ya qay\u0131td\u0131qdan sonra 1869-cu ild\u0259 orada yeni \u00fcsul \u00fczr\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b a\u00e7araq \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ax\u0131r\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r burada m\u00fc\u0259llimlik edir. K\u00f6hn\u0259 mollaxanalardan f\u0259rqli olaraq o, bu m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 u\u015faqlara dini elml\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rini t\u0259lim edir, tarix, co\u011frafiya, hesab v\u0259 s. f\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n ibtidai m\u0259lumat da verirdi. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015fairi Mirz\u0259 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Sabir, m\u0259\u015fhur yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 pedaqoq Sultan M\u0259cid Q\u0259nizad\u0259 v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra ba\u015fqa yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0259hz onun m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 oxumu\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nZ\u0259ngin \u0259d\u0259bi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa malik olan Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin b\u0259dii irsi biri az\u0259rbaycanca, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 farsca iki b\u00f6y\u00fck k\u00fclliyyatdan ibar\u0259tdir. Az\u0259rbaycanca b\u0259dii irsinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259z\u0259l janr\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

\u015eairin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015e\u0259rq m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n etdiyi t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259r, S\u0259di, Hafiz v\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d F\u00fczuli \u015feirl\u0259rin\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259zir\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 vard\u0131r. Lakin bunlar \u015fairin z\u0259ngin b\u0259dii irsi i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 az yer tutur. Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox hiss\u0259si lirik janrda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f orijinal \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir ki, bunlar\u0131n da \u00e7oxu q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259rdir. \u015eairin q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259yat sevgisi, nikbin \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259, dini etiqad x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. Onun a\u015fiqan\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259ri daha \u00e7oxdur. M\u00fc\u0259llifin \u015feir\u0259 h\u0259rar\u0259t v\u0259 can ver\u0259n d\u0259rin lirikas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hz bu q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259k olur.<\/p>\n

Gec\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm s\u0259ni, ey af\u0259ti d\u00f6vran, yuxuda,
\nKi, el\u0259rdin m\u0259n\u0259 y\u00fcz l\u00fctfi-firavan yuxuda.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si onun maarif\u00e7i v\u0259 t\u0259nqidi-satirik \u015feirl\u0259ril\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r ki, art\u0131q bu zamandan etibar\u0259n onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda realizm \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Onun realist \u015feir yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sah\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259sind\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin m\u00fch\u00fcm rolu olmu\u015fdur. \u00c7\u00fcnki, m\u0259hz “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin t\u0259siril\u0259 \u015fair g\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox z\u0259ruri m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131r v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni m\u00f6vzulara ke\u00e7ir, m\u00fcasir h\u0259yat\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun \u015feirl\u0259r yaz\u0131r, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ilk m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131nda n\u0259\u015fr etdirir. Maarif\u00e7i \u015fair \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn “\u018fkin\u00e7i” xalqa m\u00fcraci\u0259t yeri idi. O, xalq\u0131 q\u0259fl\u0259t v\u0259 c\u0259hal\u0259t yuxusundan oyanma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin xeyirxah, maarif\u00e7i t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rini alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131r, onu bilikli bir m\u00fc\u0259llim v\u0259 xeyirxah bir insan kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdi. O, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirdiyi \u015feirl\u0259ril\u0259 m\u00fcasirl\u0259rini bu q\u0259zeti oxuma\u011fa, ona k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

B\u0259s “\u018fkin\u00e7i” c\u0259lal\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r bizim,
\nNasehi xo\u015fm\u0259qal\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r bizim.
\nS\u0259y ed\u0259k, ey guruhi-niksifat,
\nEtm\u0259sin ta bizim “\u018fkin\u00e7i” v\u0259fat.<\/p>\n

\u015eairin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 \u00f6y\u00fcd, t\u0259msil v\u0259 didaktik mahiyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan m\u0259nzum hekay\u0259l\u0259r vard\u0131r ki, bunlar\u0131n da m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir hiss\u0259si \u00f6z ideyalar\u0131 etibaril\u0259 onun maarif\u00e7i \u015feirl\u0259ri il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fir. Do\u011fru\u00e7uluq, m\u0259rdlik, dostluq, yolda\u015fl\u0131qda m\u0259tan\u0259t, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fqanl\u0131q, \u0259zil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k, insanlarla yax\u015f\u0131 r\u0259ftar v\u0259 s. g\u00f6z\u0259l v\u0259 n\u0259cib sif\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259rbiy\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si h\u0259min \u00f6y\u00fcdl\u0259rin \u0259sas m\u0259zmununu t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin ictimai mahiyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan satiralar\u0131 onun \u00fcmumi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259sna m\u00f6vqe tutur. Onu \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck realist \u015fairi kimi tan\u0131dan “Yerd\u0259kil\u0259rin g\u00f6y\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t etm\u0259l\u0259ri”, “D\u0259li \u015feytan”, “M\u0259kri-z\u0259nan”, “B\u0259lx qazisi v\u0259 xarrat”, “M\u00fcct\u0259hidin t\u0259hsild\u0259n qay\u0131tmas\u0131”, “Elmsiz alim”, “Alim o\u011ful il\u0259 avam ata” ,”Qafqaz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131na xitab” v\u0259 s. satiralar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6z z\u0259ngin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixin\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259r \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani 1888-ci il iyunun 1-d\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259tbuatla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri
\nSeyid \u018fzim \u0121irvaninin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin m\u00fcst\u0259sna rolu var. Bu m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131n s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fairin 10-dan \u00e7ox \u015feiri i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin b\u00f6y\u00fck rolu oldu\u011funu \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 vur\u011fulayan \u015eirvaninin n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259zetin xeyli \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri vard\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259n informasiyalar\u0131 toplay\u0131b oxucuya \u00e7atd\u0131rmas\u0131, maarif\u00e7ilik i\u015fi aparmas\u0131, elm toxumu s\u0259pm\u0259si, ana dilinin safla\u015fmas\u0131 u\u011frunda apar\u0131lan m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u015eirvani t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259tbuat\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc hesab edilirdi. Q\u0259zet onun \u0259lind\u0259 maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 xitab\u0259t k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin imkanlar\u0131ndan yararlanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oxuculara \u00fcz tutan \u015eirvani yaz\u0131rd\u0131:[3]<\/p>\n

Ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259tdir ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi zar,
\nH\u00fcsn\u00fc-t\u0259dbir il\u0259 o f\u0259xri-kibar,
\n\u00d6z q\u0259dimi misal\u0131m\u0131zda haman,
\nQ\u0259zet\u0259 \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 edib \u00fcnvan.<\/p>\n

\u0130zn hasil q\u0131l\u0131bd\u0131r d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259n,
\nBiz g\u0259r\u0259k d\u0259m vuraq s\u0259ad\u0259td\u0259n
\n\u00d6z\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259r\u00e7i yoxdur faid\u0259si,
\nLeyk var, x\u0259lq\u0259 feyzi-zaid\u0259si.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin n\u0259\u015fri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi t\u0259brik m\u0259ktubunda Seyid \u018fzim bu m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131 v\u0259 Z\u0259rdabinin “\u0259hli-islam\u0131”, “xaki-m\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259td\u0259n” qald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, xalq\u0131 \u00f6z ana dilind\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fcn aktual probleml\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f etdiyini alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131.[3] O, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin g\u0259li\u015fini ruh t\u0259z\u0259l\u0259y\u0259n s\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259dir. S\u0259h\u0259r mehi insanda xo\u015f duy\u011fular oyatd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi “\u018fkin\u00e7i” d\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman al\u0259mini q\u0259fl\u0259t yuxusundan oyad\u0131r. Q\u0259zetin m\u00fcs\u0259lman al\u0259min\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi bu yeniliyi duyan \u015fair “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin davaml\u0131 n\u0259\u015frini arzulay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i”y\u0259 h\u0259sr etdiyi \u015feir n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, \u015eirvani d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 kimi m\u0259tbuat\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ox g\u00f6z\u0259l d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirir, xalq\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm vasit\u0259 oldu\u011funu duyurdu. O, “Q\u0259zet n\u0259dir” \u015feirind\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin m\u0259ram\u0131, m\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rini n\u0259zml\u0259 oxuculara \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259birinc\u0259 des\u0259k, \u015eirvani “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin s\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259s ver\u0259r\u0259k maarifi t\u0259bli\u011f etm\u0259kl\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nmir, yeni tipli m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. Aqilin cahild\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 maarif\u00e7iliyin \u0259sas prinsipi hesab ed\u0259n \u015eirvani \u00f6z o\u011flunu \u015eamax\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131lan yeni tipli m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 qoymu\u015fdu. O\u011fluna n\u0259sih\u0259t m\u0259zmununda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feiri “\u018fkin\u00e7i”y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259n \u015eirvaninin bu \u0259s\u0259ri redaksiya qeydi il\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdu. Redaksiya qeydind\u0259 deyilirdi:[3]<\/p>\n

”\t\u015eamax\u0131da bir camaat u\u00e7qolas\u0131 bina olub ruhani okrujioy m\u0259clisinin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131 sakini Seyid \u018fzim M\u0259lik\u00fc\u015f\u015f\u00fc\u0259ra \u00f6z o\u011flu Mir C\u0259f\u0259r nam\u0131 haman u\u00e7qolaya elm t\u0259hsil etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qoymadan xalq\u0131n m\u0259z\u0259mm\u0259tin g\u00f6r\u00fcb \u00f6z o\u011fluna n\u0259zm il\u0259 n\u0259sih\u0259t verdiyinin b\u0259yan\u0131d\u0131r.\t”
\n\u0130stinadlar
\n Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani
\n \u0410\u0417\u0415\u0420\u0411\u0410\u0419\u0414\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0423\u0420\u0410
\n Akif A\u015f\u0131rl\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259tbuat tarixi, (1875-1920), Bak\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani (9 iyul 1835 \u2014 20 may 1888) \u2014 XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi v\u0259 maarif\u00e7isi.[1] H\u0259yat\u0131 Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani 1835-ci il iyul ay\u0131n\u0131n 10-da \u015eamax\u0131da ruhani ail\u0259sind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Seyid \u018fzim ki\u00e7ik ya\u015flar\u0131nda ik\u0259n \u015eamax\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rind\u0259n olan atas\u0131 Seyid M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir. Seyid \u018fzim ana babas\u0131 molla H\u00fcseynin himay\u0259si alt\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30149,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30131\/revisions\/30149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}