{"id":30151,"date":"2019-04-09T08:30:16","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T04:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30151"},"modified":"2019-04-09T15:04:30","modified_gmt":"2019-04-09T11:04:30","slug":"abbasqulu-aga-bakixanov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30151","title":{"rendered":"Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov (tam ad\u0131: Bak\u0131xanov Abbasqulu Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d o\u011flu, Q\u00fcdsi<\/p>\n

d. 21 iyun 1794, \u018fmircan, Bak\u0131 xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 \u00f6. 31 may 1847, M\u0259kk\u0259) \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, alimi, m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkiri v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7isi.[1]<\/p>\n

XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan maarif\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m” \u0259s\u0259ri il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q elminin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. “Q\u00fcdsi” t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan, \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. Qubada “G\u00fcl\u00fcstan” adl\u0131 elmi-\u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259clisin (1835) t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

1820-1830-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131 ordusunda qulluq etdiyi zaman G\u00fcl\u00fcstan (1813) v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rinin (1828) imzalanmas\u0131nda t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i kimi i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat\u0131
\nAbbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov 1794-c\u00fc il 21 iyun Bak\u0131n\u0131n \u018fmircan (\u018fmirhac\u0131yan) (k\u00f6hn\u0259 ad\u0131 il\u0259) k\u0259ndind\u0259 varl\u0131 bir ail\u0259d\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Onun atas\u0131 II Yusif xan Bak\u0131 xanlar\u0131 n\u0259slind\u0259n, anas\u0131 Sofiya xan\u0131m is\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015f g\u00fcrc\u00fc q\u0131z\u0131 idi. Bak\u0131xanov s\u0259kkiz ya\u015f\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r Bak\u0131da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, u\u015faql\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc Ab\u015feronun \u018fmircan, Ma\u015fta\u011fa, Balaxan\u0131 k\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259 ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdir. 1802-ci ild\u0259 atas\u0131 xanl\u0131q taxt\u0131 u\u011frunda vuru\u015fmalarda \u00f6z \u0259misi o\u011flu H\u00fcseynqulu xana m\u0259\u011flub oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259cburiyy\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda qalaraq Qubaya, vaxt\u0131 il\u0259 day\u0131s\u0131 F\u0259t\u0259li xan\u0131n ona ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u018fmsar k\u0259ndin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259li olmu\u015fdur. Abbasqulu a\u011fa 1819-cu il\u0259d\u0259k Qubada, \u018fmsar k\u0259ndind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qalan t\u0259hsilini davam etdirmi\u015fdir. Burada o \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rini m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f, bu dill\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f xeyli \u0259d\u0259biyyat oxumu\u015fdur. \u015e\u0259rq dill\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyat, ilahiyyat v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259ni m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.[2]<\/p>\n

General \u0130.F.Paskevi\u00e7in \u0130ran \u015fahzad\u0259si Abbas Mirz\u0259 il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc.Deh-Harreqan, 1827-ci il. A.Bak\u0131xanov bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i kimi i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir.
\n1819-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131xanov o zamank\u0131 Qafqaz\u0131n ba\u015f hakimi general A.Yermolovun d\u0259v\u0259ti il\u0259 Tiflis\u0259 g\u0259lib Qafqaz Ba\u015f H\u0259rbi \u0130dar\u0259sind\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq dill\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f v\u0259 26 il bu v\u0259zif\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[2] Tiflis m\u00fchiti, Avropa v\u0259 rus \u015fair v\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f onun d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259rin iz buraxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, burada o A.S.Qriboyedovla tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015fdur; h\u0259tta sonuncu \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin ilkin variant\u0131n\u0131 A.Bak\u0131xanova oxumu\u015fdur. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Tifilsd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f alman \u015fairi Fridrix Boden\u015ftedt \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn “\u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 min bir g\u00fcn” adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 A.Bak\u0131xanov yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259t verir.<\/p>\n

A.Bak\u0131xanov A.S.Qriboyedov, F.Boden\u015ftedt, Fazil xan \u015eeyda, Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259fi Vazeh, Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 il\u0259 dostluq etmi\u015fdir. O, 1827-ci ild\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycanda olmu\u015f[2], 1833-1834-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Var\u015favada v\u0259 Peterburqda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, rus \u015fairi A.S.Pu\u015fkinin ail\u0259si il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015fdur.[3] 1835-ci ild\u0259 Qubaya qay\u0131daraq elmi v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 “G\u00fcl\u00fcstan” adl\u0131 \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259clis yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir jurnalist kimi o, “Tiflisskiye vedomosti”, “Zakavkazskiy vestnik”, “Kavkaz” q\u0259zetl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdi. 1847-ci ild\u0259 Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov M\u0259kk\u0259d\u0259n M\u0259din\u0259y\u0259 ged\u0259rk\u0259n Vadiyi-Fatma adlanan yerd\u0259 v\u0259ba x\u0259st\u0259liyin\u0259 tutulub v\u0259fat etmi\u015f v\u0259 h\u0259min yerd\u0259 d\u0259fn olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

General-leytenant C\u0259f\u0259rqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun v\u0259 general Abdulla a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun qarda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.
\nGeneral-mayor H\u0259s\u0259n a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun, polkovnik \u018fhm\u0259d a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun \u0259misidir.[4]
\nTarz\u0259n \u018fhm\u0259d Bak\u0131xanovun babas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nB\u0259st\u0259kar Tofiq Bak\u0131xanovun, kaman\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131 T\u0259l\u0259t Bak\u0131xanovun ulu babas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nB\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nAbbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov \u00e7oxc\u0259h\u0259tli b\u0259dii v\u0259 elmi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa malikdir. B\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda “Riyaz\u00fcl-Q\u00fcds”, “Mi\u015fkat\u00fcl-\u0259nvar”adl\u0131 poemas\u0131, “Q\u00fcdsi” t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259sid\u0259, qit\u0259, q\u0259z\u0259l, r\u00fcbai, m\u0259sn\u0259vil\u0259ri, avtobiorafik \u015feirl\u0259ri, m\u0259nzum hekay\u0259l\u0259ri, t\u0259msill\u0259ri \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Poemalar\u0131
\nA.Bak\u0131xanovun Var\u015favada olark\u0259n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Merace-x\u0259yal” (“X\u0259yal\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015fu”),”M\u0259clisi-fir\u0259ng” (“Fir\u0259ng m\u0259clisi”) poemalar\u0131 x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Fars dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu poemalar avtobioqrafik s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Onlar \u00f6z m\u0259zmununa, b\u0259dii strukturuna, dil v\u0259 \u00fcslub x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 klassik \u015e\u0259rq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f “\u015eikay\u0259tnam\u0259”l\u0259ri, “\u018frzi-hal”lar\u0131 xat\u0131rlad\u0131r. Q\u00fcdsi bu poemalar\u0131nda Var\u015favadak\u0131 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzini, m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259tini, m\u0259n\u0259vi-\u0259xlaqi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259, axtar\u0131\u015f v\u0259 iztirablar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rb d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rini t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir.[5]<\/p>\n

Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 onun d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dini sxolastika v\u0259 mistika s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi idis\u0259, bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 dini mistikadan \u00e7ox uzaqla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A.Bak\u0131xanov “Fir\u0259ng m\u0259clisi” poemas\u0131nda h\u0259yat t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si \u00e7ox m\u0259hdud olan bir g\u0259nc zad\u0259gan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u0259rini \u0259yan m\u0259clisl\u0259rind\u0259, ey\u015f-i\u015fr\u0259tl\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259n, s\u0259rb\u0259st, m\u0259nas\u0131z h\u0259yat s\u00fcr\u0259n \u0259rli g\u00f6z\u0259l bir xan\u0131ma a\u015fiq olmas\u0131, onun u\u011fursuz m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t mac\u0259ralar\u0131, ke\u00e7irdiyi hiss v\u0259 h\u0259y\u0259canlar\u0131, m\u0259n\u0259vi iztirablar\u0131 romantik \u00fcslubda \u0259ks olunub. Poemalar\u0131ndan ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, o, Avropa zad\u0259gan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u0259n sevgi, ail\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini, \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259y\u0259nm\u0259mi\u015fdir. Lakin o, Avropa zad\u0259gan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u0259i\u015f\u0259tini v\u0259 ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259svir ed\u0259rk\u0259n t\u00fcnd satirik boyalara m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259mi\u015fdir. O, bel\u0259 hesab edirdi ki, h\u0259r bir xalq\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi, ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri, \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131 vard\u0131r v\u0259 onlar h\u0259min xalq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xo\u015fdur, \u0259zizdir.[5]<\/p>\n

\u015eair “Fir\u0259ng m\u0259clisi” poemas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259nal\u0131, ibr\u0259tamiz bir sonluqla bitirir:<\/p>\n

H\u0259qiq\u0259t axtarana laz\u0131md\u0131r m\u00f6hk\u0259m d\u0259lil,
\nHaqq\u0131 r\u0259dd ya q\u0259bulla anlamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.<\/p>\n

Yax\u015f\u0131ya da pis\u0259d\u0259 bir p\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015fdir
\n\u00d6zg\u0259y\u0259 ay\u0131b tutmaq \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 ay\u0131b i\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrd\u0259, t\u0259fti\u015fd\u0259 z\u0259nn etm\u0259 d\u00fcz yoldasan,
\nT\u0259kc\u0259 s\u0259n \u00f6z \u0259qlin\u0259 arxalanma he\u00e7 zaman.<\/p>\n

A\u011f\u0131lla d\u0259rk edirik n\u00f6qsan c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri biz,
\nN\u00f6qsan\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rk ed\u0259n a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131d\u0131r \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz.<\/p>\n

\u2014 “Fir\u0259ng m\u0259clisi”<\/p>\n

“X\u0259yal\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015fu” poemas\u0131nda is\u0259 \u015fair Rusiyan\u0131 s\u0259yah\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k Lehistana (Pol\u015faya) getm\u0259sind\u0259n v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay Var\u015favada ya\u015fayaraq \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131, savadl\u0131, m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 aliml\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan, y\u00fcks\u0259k zad\u0259gan m\u0259clisl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259sind\u0259n b\u0259hs edir. Pol\u015fan\u0131n ba\u015f hakimi v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Paskevi\u00e7i y\u00fcks\u0259k l\u0259yaq\u0259t\u0259 malik olan d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadimi kimi t\u0259rifl\u0259yir, polyak zad\u0259gan xan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u0259lliyin\u0259 m\u0259ftun oldu\u011funu bildirir.[5]<\/p>\n

\u015eair Var\u015favada maraql\u0131, m\u0259d\u0259ni bir m\u00fchit\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq buradak\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131ndan, taleyind\u0259n raz\u0131 deyildir. O, burada m\u0259n\u0259vi rahatl\u0131q tapa bilm\u0259yib, a\u011f\u0131r m\u0259n\u0259vi iztirablar ke\u00e7irir. A.Bak\u0131xanov Var\u015favada ke\u00e7irdiyi bu daxili m\u0259n\u0259vi t\u0259lat\u00fcm\u00fc, ruhi s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 maraql\u0131 bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259ks etdirmi\u015fdir.[6]<\/p>\n

Poemada \u00f6z do\u011fma diyar\u0131n\u0131n, k\u0259ndinin parlaq, \u0259lvan, romantik boyalarla t\u0259svir v\u0259 t\u0259rifini ver\u0259n \u015fair bu \u0259s\u0259rini v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259r misralarla bitirir:<\/p>\n

Bir \u0259hd etdim x\u0259yal\u0131ma bu ax\u015fam,
\nBu s\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259g\u0259r m\u0259n sa\u011f qay\u0131tsam,
\nO gu\u015f\u0259d\u0259 sakit q\u0259rar tutaraq,
\nYa\u015fayaram qov\u011falardan m\u0259n uzaq.
\nQalan \u00f6mr\u00fc ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259m firavan
\n\u015e\u00fckr ed\u0259r\u0259m Allah\u0131ma h\u0259r zaman.
\nQ\u00fcdsi, xo\u015fdur \u018fmsar adl\u0131 m\u0259sk\u0259nin,
\n\u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr \u00f6z k\u0259ndin.<\/p>\n

T\u0259msill\u0259ri
\n“T\u00fclk\u00fc v\u0259 qoyun”, “Qurd v\u0259 ilbiz”, “Yersiz iftixar” kimi t\u0259msill\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. A.Kr\u0131lovun “E\u015f\u015f\u0259k v\u0259 b\u00fclb\u00fcl” t\u0259msilini t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Onun “Tatar n\u0259\u011fm\u0259si” adl\u0131 \u015feiri polyak \u015fairi Lado Zablotski t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n polyak dilin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Elmi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri
\nAbbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov Az\u0259rbaycan elmi tarixind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rolu olan b\u00f6y\u00fck alimdir. “Qanuni-Q\u00fcdsi”, “\u018fsrar\u00fcl-m\u0259l\u0259k\u00fct”, “T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq”, “Eyn\u00fcl-mizan”, “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m” kimi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun dil, co\u011frafiya, tarix, astronomiya, m\u0259ntiq, psixologiya v\u0259 sair elml\u0259r\u0259 aid \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri onun ensiklopedik biliy\u0259 malik bir alim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

“Qanuni-Q\u00fcdsi” \u0259s\u0259ri
\nOnun birinci elmi \u0259s\u0259ri fars dilinin qrammatikas\u0131na aid yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Qanuni-Q\u00fcdsi” \u0259s\u0259ridir. \u018fs\u0259r [1828]-ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Fars dilinin qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259d\u0259n bu \u0259s\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llifin ki\u00e7ik, lakin d\u0259rin m\u0259zmunlu giri\u015find\u0259n, “H\u0259rfl\u0259r” (fonetika), “K\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259r” (sintaksis) v\u0259 “C\u00fcml\u0259” (morfologiya) adlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 f\u0259sild\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Giri\u015fd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif dilin y\u0131\u011fcam elmi t\u0259rifini verdikd\u0259n sonra, bu \u0259s\u0259ri n\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259, n\u0259 kimi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 v\u0259 hans\u0131 prinsipl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa v\u0259 ayd\u0131n elmi izahat verir. H\u0259min giri\u015fd\u0259n yen\u0259 ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, m\u00fcasir dil\u00e7ilik elminin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n alim bu \u0259s\u0259rini yazark\u0259n fars dilinin qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 kitablardan deyil, canl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q dilind\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

1826-1828-ci il Rusiya \u2013 \u0130ran m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri zaman\u0131 o tez-tez \u0130rana ged\u0259r\u0259k bu dil \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 z\u0259ngin material toplam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. “Qanuni-Q\u00fcdsi”d\u0259 fars dilinin qanunlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00f6km v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini h\u0259min materialdan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, bu dilin t\u0259bi\u0259tin\u0259 uy\u011fun \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

“Qanuni-Q\u00fcdsi” \u0259s\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fc rus dilin\u0259 (“\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430”) t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

“K\u0259\u015ff\u00fcl-Q\u0259raib” \u0259s\u0259ri<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131xanovun Bak\u0131dak\u0131 heyk\u0259li
\nCo\u011frafiya elmin\u0259 aid onun iki \u0259s\u0259ri var. Bunlardan biri “K\u0259\u015ff\u00fcl-q\u0259raib”, dig\u0259ri “\u00dcmumi co\u011frafiya”d\u0131r. H\u0259r iki \u0259s\u0259r fars dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki f\u0259sild\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan “K\u0259\u015ff\u00fcl q\u0259raib” Amerikan\u0131n Xristofor Kolumb (1451-1506) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff olunms\u0131ndan v\u0259 Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sinin q\u0259rb hiss\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n bu qit\u0259nin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n b\u0259hs edir.<\/p>\n

Amerikan\u0131n k\u0259\u015ffin\u0259 dair olan bu \u0259s\u0259ri Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov “M\u0259riz” t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcsl\u00fc \u015fair-alim Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259m il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 fars dilind\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r: \u018fs\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 Amerikan\u0131n k\u0259\u015ffi hadis\u0259si il\u0259 bitmir. Burada Xristofor Kolumbun (1451-1506) ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259n \u0259hvalatlar, o zamank\u0131 Amerika \u0259razisind\u0259 ya\u015fayan q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259rasiml\u0259rind\u0259n, \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131ndan, co\u011frafi v\u0259 iqlim \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259n geni\u015f b\u0259hs edilir. \u018fs\u0259r sad\u0259 xalq dilind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan maraqla oxunur v\u0259 tarixi o\u00e7erk t\u0259siri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“\u00dcmumi co\u011frafiya” – fars dilind\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu qiym\u0259tli \u0259s\u0259ri \u0259limizd\u0259 yoxdur. “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m”d\u0259 veril\u0259n m\u0259lumatdan ayd\u0131n olur ki, alim bu \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u0259bii v\u0259 siyasi \u0259hval\u0131ndan, c\u0259miyy\u0259t qurulu\u015fundan, qit\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259n, madd\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259rkib v\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n. b\u0259hs etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qalan “\u00dcmumi co\u011frafiya” \u0259s\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259llif \u00f6z\u00fc bel\u0259 m\u0259lumat verir: “Bu \u0259s\u0259r farsca olub, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n riyazi, t\u0259bii v\u0259 siyasi \u0259hval\u0131ndan, \u0259cram\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n, \u00fcns\u00fcrl\u0259rin xass\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, m\u0259validin m\u0259hsulat\u0131ndan, iqliml\u0259rin h\u00fcd\u00fcdunu t\u0259yin etm\u0259k v\u0259 Yer k\u00fcr\u0259si \u0259halisinin sinifl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259kd\u0259n v\u0259 h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzind\u0259n b\u0259hs edir”.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131xanovun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi t\u0259dqiq edildikd\u0259 ayd\u0131n oldur ki, m\u00fc\u0259llif \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259 “\u018fsrar\u00fcl-M\u0259l\u0259kut”u yazark\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn “\u00dcmumi co\u011frafiya” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

“\u018fsrar\u00fcl-m\u0259l\u0259k\u00fct” \u0259s\u0259ri
\n\u018fs\u0259rinin m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259s\u0259rin “\u00dcmumi co\u011frafiya” kitab\u0131n\u0131n “riyazi hiss\u0259sind\u0259n” g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc qeyd olunur. Bu \u0259s\u0259r \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif islam\u0131n ehkamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq heliosentrik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 30-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov kainat\u0131n qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 maraqlan\u0131r, q\u0259dim yunan v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b aliml\u0259rinin bu sah\u0259d\u0259 yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri m\u00fctali\u0259 edir. Yeni inqilabi k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur olan Nyuton, Qaliley, Kopernik, Kepler v\u0259 s. m\u0259\u015fhur aliml\u0259rin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olur. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, o bu \u0259s\u0259ri 1832-ci ild\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 1846-c\u0131 ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 Sultan \u018fbd\u00fclm\u0259cid\u0259 t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir. \u018fs\u0259r 1848-ci ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 “\u018ffkar\u00fcl-c\u0259barut fi \u0259srar\u00fcl-m\u0259lakut” ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130stanbulda n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur. O bu \u00e7ap\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259 bilm\u0259mi\u015fdir. M\u00fc\u0259llifin qeyd etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rin farsca da variant\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Lakin h\u0259min variant \u0259limizd\u0259 yoxdur.<\/p>\n

Onun \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dig\u0259r elmi \u0259s\u0259ri “Eyn\u0259l-mizan” adlan\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259r m\u0259ntiq elmin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunub.<\/p>\n

Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov pedaqoji m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 bir alim kimi m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015f, u\u015faqlar\u0131n v\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin t\u0259rbiy\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olan iki \u0259s\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bunlardan biri “T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq”, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 “Kitabi-n\u0259sih\u0259t”dir.<\/p>\n

“T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq” \u0259s\u0259ri
\n1831-ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 onu Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun \u0259sas \u0259xlaqi-f\u0259ls\u0259fi \u0259s\u0259ri hesab etm\u0259k olar. Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 o, c\u0259miyy\u0259t haqq\u0131ndak\u0131 fikirl\u0259rini bir sistem \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 \u015f\u0259rh ed\u0259r\u0259k, g\u0259ncl\u0259r aras\u0131nda n\u0259cib \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131n\u0131, onun g\u00f6z\u0259l c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259bli\u011f edir. \u018fs\u0259r m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259 v\u0259 x\u00fclas\u0259d\u0259n ba\u015fqa 12 f\u0259sild\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259d\u0259 kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131lma s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri v\u0259 hikm\u0259t qanunlar\u0131, x\u00fclas\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 bilik \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259yin sirl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

F\u0259sill\u0259rin adlar\u0131ndan ayd\u0131n olur ki, A.Bak\u0131xanov bu \u0259s\u0259ri yazark\u0259n klassik \u015e\u0259rq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda bu s\u0259pkid\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ox kitablar\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 bir \u0259xlaq m\u00fc\u0259llimi kimi faydal\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t v\u0259 n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 oxucunu d\u00fcz yola d\u0259v\u0259t edir, onu \u0259m\u0259y\u0259 r\u0259\u011fb\u0259t, dostlu\u011fa s\u0259daq\u0259t, b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t, t\u0259vaze v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130nsan q\u0259lbini l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259y\u0259n, onu c\u0259miyy\u0259t i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 xar ed\u0259n t\u0259nb\u0259llik, riya, pax\u0131ll\u0131q, nankorluq, yalan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q kimi al\u00e7aq sif\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kindirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6z fikirl\u0259rini elmi sur\u0259td\u0259, d\u0259rin f\u0259ls\u0259fi izah v\u0259 s\u00fcbutlarla m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirir, bir \u00e7ox m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi \u0259xlaq c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 duraraq \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259bli\u011f edir. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 yeri g\u0259ldikc\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqin S\u0259nai, \u018fttar, Rumi, S\u0259di, Hafiz kimi m\u0259\u015fhur \u015fairl\u0259rinin \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir v\u0259 \u0259xlaq g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi ifad\u0259 olunmu\u015f bu \u015feir par\u00e7alar\u0131 il\u0259 oxucunun q\u0259lbin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq” m\u00fc\u0259llifin pedaqogika v\u0259 psixoogiyaya aid elmi v\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259ri m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n f\u0259ls\u0259fi \u0259s\u0259ridir. \u018fs\u0259r fars dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259, on iki f\u0259sil v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. “T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq” \u0259s\u0259rinin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di g\u0259ncl\u0259ri pis \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kindirm\u0259k, onlarda n\u0259cib v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l \u0259xlaqi normalar\u0131 t\u0259rbiy\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259kdir. \u015e\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fc, vicdan t\u0259mizliyi, do\u011fruluq, \u0259dal\u0259t, m\u0259rdlik, yoxsul v\u0259 m\u0259zlumlara hamilik, insanlarla yax\u015f\u0131 r\u0259ftar, d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn ehtiraslardan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc saxlamaq, d\u00fcnya mal\u0131na tamah salmamaq, \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tp\u0259r\u0259stlikd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259k, t\u0259vaz\u00f6karl\u0131q, z\u0259hm\u0259ti sevm\u0259k, elm v\u0259 maarifin bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n uca tutmaq, v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 v\u0259 xalqa m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t v\u0259 s. bu \u0259s\u0259rin ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc \u0259sas \u0259xlaqi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ndir.<\/p>\n

“T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259d\u0259n sonra g\u0259l\u0259n “E`tidala riay\u0259t”, “Yax\u015f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259rin f\u0259zil\u0259ti”, “Can sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qazan\u0131lmas\u0131”, “\u015e\u00f6hr\u0259tin b\u0259yan\u0131” f\u0259sill\u0259ri \u0259xlaq n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si onun insanl\u0131\u011fa, v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 v\u0259 xalqa olan m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259ti, maarifi v\u0259 demokratik d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. O bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si il\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rd\u0259 el\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l \u0259xlaqi sif\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259rbiy\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir ki, onlar m\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin faydal\u0131 v\u0259 xeyirxah \u00fczvl\u0259ri olsunlar, onlardan xalqa z\u0259r\u0259 yeti\u015fm\u0259sin.<\/p>\n

Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 il\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini t\u0259yin etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Elml\u0259 \u0259m\u0259lin bir-birind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu izah ed\u0259rk\u0259n, elm\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir. Kainat v\u0259 ilahiyyat m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin q\u0131sa f\u0259ls\u0259fi \u015f\u0259rhind\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan “Xatim\u0259”d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif kainat\u0131n maddi bir varl\u0131qdan ibar\u0259t oldu\u011funu, \u0259\u015fya v\u0259 madd\u0259nin haldan-hala ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sini, varl\u0131qda yoxlu\u011fun olmamas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edir. Burada Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun q\u0259dim yunan materialist filosoflar\u0131 Demokrit v\u0259 Empedoklun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ayd\u0131n hiss olunmaqdad\u0131r. Lakin bu materialist d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc onda m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l sur\u0259td\u0259 ax\u0131ra q\u0259d\u0259r davam etmir, idealist d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ona qalib g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

“T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq”dan sonra Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun ikinci pedaqoji \u0259s\u0259ri “N\u0259sayeh”, “Kitabi-n\u0259sih\u0259t” v\u0259 ya “N\u0259sih\u0259tnam\u0259”dir. Bu \u0259s\u0259ri “T\u0259hzibi-\u0259xlaq”dan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131\u015f da hesab etm\u0259k olar. “Kitabi-n\u0259sih\u0259t”d\u0259 103 n\u0259sih\u0259t vard\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llifin ki\u00e7ik m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259sind\u0259n sonra dini n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131r. Dini n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n sonra d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na, ata-anaya, b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r\u0259 ita\u0259t v\u0259 ehtiram\u0131n vacibliyin\u0259 aid, daha sonra is\u0259 h\u0259yat v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olan \u0259xlaqi n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259r verilir. \u018fxlaqi n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti “T\u0259hzib\u00fcl-\u0259xlaq”dak\u0131 \u0259xlaqi n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. “Kitabi-n\u0259sih\u0259t”in giri\u015find\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u0259s\u0259rinin izl\u0259diyi \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259dd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n t\u0259rbiy\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259lim\u0259 dair yaz\u0131lan kitablar\u0131n uy\u011funsuzlu\u011fundan, \u00e7\u0259tin dild\u0259 yaz\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u015fikay\u0259t edir.<\/p>\n

U\u015faqlar\u0131n \u0259xlaq\u0131n\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131ran v\u0259 onlarda n\u0259cib xasiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n bel\u0259 n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259r bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

“G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m” \u0259s\u0259ri
\n\u018fsas m\u0259qal\u0259: G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m<\/p>\n

“G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m” \u0259s\u0259rinin \u0259lyazmas\u0131ndan bir fraqment
\nAz\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n tarixin\u0259 aid olan “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m” Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanovun \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck elmi \u0259s\u0259ridir. \u018fs\u0259r ilk m\u0259x\u0259zl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u0259llifin uzun ill\u0259r bu sah\u0259d\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llif \u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na v\u0259 m\u00fcasirl\u0259rin\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcraci\u0259tnam\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259s\u0259r haqq\u0131nda “m\u0259nim uzun ill\u0259r z\u0259hm\u0259timin m\u0259hsuludur” \u2013 dey\u0259 qeyd edirdi. M\u00fc\u0259llif bu \u0259s\u0259rini yazark\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 arxeoloji t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fl\u0259ri aparm\u0131\u015f, tarixi abid\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, k\u00f6hn\u0259 binalar\u0131n qal\u0131qlar\u0131ndan, sikk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, pad\u015fahlar\u0131n v\u0259 xanlar\u0131n f\u0259rmanlar\u0131ndan, milli \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, dini kitablardan, “Avesta”dan, qoca ki\u015fil\u0259rin na\u011f\u0131l v\u0259 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n, s\u0259yyahlar\u0131n verdiyi x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n, g\u00fcrc\u00fc v\u0259 l\u0259zgi salnam\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, \u00e7oxlu \u015f\u0259rq m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, q\u0259dim yunan, Roma, Az\u0259rbaycan, erm\u0259ni v\u0259 rus aliml\u0259rinin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.[7]<\/p>\n

Bu \u0259s\u0259ri d\u0259 Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llif y\u0131\u011fcam, lakin dol\u011fun m\u0259zmunlu bu m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259d\u0259 tarix elmin\u0259 q\u0131sa bir t\u0259rif verir, onu c\u0259miyy\u0259t v\u0259 xalq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n faydal\u0131 elml\u0259rd\u0259n say\u0131r. Tarix\u0259 m\u00fcasir elmin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015fan m\u00fc\u0259llif b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin ke\u00e7mi\u015f h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131r. Haz\u0131rk\u0131 v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259yat\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131 qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, bu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi laz\u0131m bilir.<\/p>\n

“G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m”in m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan\u0131n q\u0131sa co\u011frafi t\u0259sviri, q\u0259dim yunan, erm\u0259ni, \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 rus m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 istinad edil\u0259r\u0259k bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi, dili v\u0259 dinl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda maraql\u0131 m\u0259lumat verilir. Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan xalqlar\u0131n\u0131 tarixini Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov bu xalqlar\u0131n \u00f6z daxili h\u0259yatlar\u0131na v\u0259 tarixin \u00fcmumi inki\u015faf\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 deyil, m\u00fch\u00fcm tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 5 d\u00f6vr\u0259 ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 buna \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rini 5 f\u0259sl\u0259 b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

\u0130slam d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin z\u00fchurundan \u0259r\u0259b qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015eirvan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n q\u0259dim hadis\u0259l\u0259r.
\n\u018fr\u0259b qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq monqollar\u0131n istilas\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r.
\nMonqol istilas\u0131ndan S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin z\u00fchuruna q\u0259d\u0259r. \u015eirvan\u015fahlar s\u00fclal\u0259si v\u0259 onlar\u0131n s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259tin\u0259 aid hadis\u0259l\u0259r.
\nS\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin z\u00fchurundan Nadir \u015fah\u0131n v\u0259fat\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r.
\nNadir \u015fah\u0131n v\u0259fat\u0131ndan “G\u00fcl\u00fcstan” adl\u0131 yerd\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 \u0130ran d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ba\u011flanan s\u00fclh m\u00fcahid\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r.
\n\u018fs\u0259rin birinci f\u0259slind\u0259 “Tarixi-T\u0259b\u0259ri”, “Tarixi-g\u00fczid\u0259”, “Nizam\u00fct-t\u0259varix”, “Kitabi-m\u0259salik\u00fcl-m\u0259malik”, “X\u0259rit\u0259t\u00fcl-\u0259caib” kimi q\u0259dim \u015e\u0259rq m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 istinad\u0259n Nuhun tufan\u0131, onun \u00f6vladlar\u0131, Yas\u0259f, Ham v\u0259 Sam n\u0259sill\u0259ri, Y\u0259cuc v\u0259 M\u0259cuc, skifl\u0259r, massagetl\u0259r, x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r, Sasani h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 s. haqq\u0131nda yar\u0131melmi, yar\u0131m\u0259fsan\u0259vi m\u0259lumat verilir. Bu f\u0259sil m\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rin sonrak\u0131 f\u0259sill\u0259rin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n z\u0259if i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u018fs\u0259rin ikinci f\u0259sli Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259r\u0259b i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istila olunmas\u0131, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn tarixin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min f\u0259sild\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b x\u0259lif\u0259l\u0259rinin buraya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi hakiml\u0259r, \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 vuru\u015fmalar\u0131, xarici i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n istilas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 Bab\u0259kin m\u00fcbariz\u0259si, onun Ba\u011fdadda \u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 s. haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat vard\u0131r. Lakin m\u0259\u015fhur Bab\u0259k \u00fcsyan\u0131 haqq\u0131nda veril\u0259n m\u0259lumat h\u0259m m\u00fcxt\u0259s\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00e7ox ruhsuz v\u0259 s\u00f6n\u00fckd\u00fcr. Bu m\u0259lumat uzun ill\u0259r \u0259r\u0259b i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131 amas\u0131zcas\u0131na vuru\u015fan v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b x\u0259lif\u0259sinin \u0259mri il\u0259 z\u00fclm v\u0259 i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n bu c\u0259sur xalq q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti tarixini q\u0259tiyy\u0259n i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131ra bilmir. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi m\u00fc\u0259llifin tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 xalq azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n yana\u015fa bilm\u0259m\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m”d\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur Az\u0259rbaycan co\u011frafiya\u015f\u00fcnas\u0131 Zeynalabd\u0131n \u015eirvaninin “Riyaz\u00fcs-s\u0259yah\u0259” \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslanaraq, Az\u0259rbaycan s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Bab\u0259kin ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0259sil h\u00fclak\u00fcl\u0259rin v\u0259 teymuril\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 \u015eirvan\u015fahlar\u0131n s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 n\u0259sibin\u0259 dair tarixi m\u0259lumat verir. Bu f\u0259sild\u0259 A\u011fqoyunlular v\u0259 Qaraqoyunlular\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi v\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur alim Xac\u0259 N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusi haqq\u0131nda da m\u0259lumat vard\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0259sil S\u0259f\u0259vi pad\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 onlar\u0131n s\u00fcqutundan sonra \u0130ran taxt\u0131na oturan Nair \u015fah \u018ff\u015far\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti tarixin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunur.<\/p>\n

“F\u00fctuhati-\u018fmini”, “Tarixi-al\u0259m-arayi-Abbasi”, qolikovun “B\u00f6y\u00fck Pyotrun f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti”, Ustryalovun “I Pyotrun s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259t tarixi” v\u0259 s. rus, fars v\u0259 osmanl\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k, f\u0259sild\u0259 I \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l, I \u015eah Abbas v\u0259 Nadir \u015fah\u0131n h\u0259rbi s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259ri, Rusiya v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131stan v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccumlar\u0131, Sultan S\u0259lim Yavuzun qo\u015funlar\u0131 il\u0259 I \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131n qo\u015funlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u0259brizin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ged\u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur “\u00c7ald\u0131ran” d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, b\u0259hs olunan d\u00f6vrd\u0259 yerli \u0259mir v\u0259 hakiml\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda z\u0259ngin m\u0259lumat toplan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m”in be\u015finci v\u0259 son f\u0259sli Nadir \u015fah\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n (1747) ta 1813-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 \u0130ran d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ba\u011flanan “G\u00fcl\u00fcstan” s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 60 ild\u0259n art\u0131q bir d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Be\u015finci f\u0259sil “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m”in \u0259n orijinal hiss\u0259sidir. Xanl\u0131qlar d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u00f6qt\u0259yi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n be\u015finci f\u0259slin b\u00f6y\u00fck elmi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti vard\u0131r. “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m” “N\u0259tic\u0259” ad\u0131 il\u0259 ged\u0259n sonluqla bitir. Lakin bu “N\u0259tic\u0259” \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 veril\u0259n m\u0259lumat\u0131n yekunu v\u0259 ya x\u00fclas\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259t deyildir. Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 bir \u0259lav\u0259dir. \u0259lav\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur alimi, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fairl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat verilir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 rus dill\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015f bu \u0259s\u0259r sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ya\u015fayan tarix\u00e7il\u0259rimizin stol\u00fcst\u00fc kitablar\u0131ndan olub, \u0259sas\u0259n islam\u0131n meydana g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n tutmu\u015f 1813-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Rusiya il\u0259 \u0130ran aras\u0131nda ba\u011flanan s\u00fclh m\u00fcahid\u0259nam\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki d\u00f6vrd\u0259 xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tarixini t\u0259dqiq v\u0259 t\u0259hlil etm\u0259k i\u015find\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir.O bu \u0259s\u0259ri Lado Zablotski il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 rus dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.[8][9][10][11]<\/p>\n

Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov kitab\u015f\u00fcnas kimi
\nA.Bak\u0131xanov d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 bibliofill\u0259rind\u0259n idi. Onun z\u0259ngin kitabxanas\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. XIX \u0259srin 40-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn A.Bak\u0131xanovun qona\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015f prof. \u0130.Berezin onun \u00e7ap kitablar\u0131ndan v\u0259 \u0259lyazmalar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t kitabxanas\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015f v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn “Da\u011f\u0131stana v\u0259 Zaqafqaziyaya s\u0259yah\u0259t” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259min kitablar\u0131n siyah\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fdir. 270 n\u00fcsx\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t qiym\u0259tli \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n bu kitabxanada \u018fnv\u0259ri, Cami, Sav\u0259ci, D\u00f6vl\u0259t\u015fah S\u0259m\u0259rq\u0259ndi v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015e\u0259rq klassikl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Nizami, Saib T\u0259brizi, \u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259r b\u0259y M\u00fcn\u015fi kimi az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin d\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur.[12]<\/p>\n

iran-Rusiya m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri zaman\u0131 A.Bak\u0131xanov \u0130randa diplomatik xidm\u0259td\u0259 olmu\u015f, 1828-ci ild\u0259 \u018frd\u0259bild\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur \u015eeyx S\u0259fi kitabxanas\u0131nda t\u0259dqiqat aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu kitabxana sonralar m\u0259\u015fhur “A\u011f\u0131ldan b\u0259la” komediyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifi A.S.Qriboyedovun “t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc” il\u0259 Tiflis\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, burada Bak\u0131xanov onunla birlikd\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259lyazmalar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck i\u015f aparm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 onlar\u0131n kataloqunu t\u0259rtib etmi\u015fdi. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar A.Bak\u0131xanovun Axalsix kitabxanas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lyazmalar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyini yaz\u0131rlar (bax: Axals\u0131x kitabxanas\u0131 \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n siyah\u0131s\u0131, Salt\u0131kov-\u015eedrin ad\u0131na D\u00f6vl\u0259t kitabxanas\u0131, \u018flyazmalar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259si, siyah\u0131 I, qovqul 4, v\u0259r. 3-4[13]). \u018fdibin bu qiym\u0259tli elmi i\u015fi o zaman “Tiflisskiye vedomosti”d\u0259 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.[12]<\/p>\n

M\u00fckafatlar\u0131<\/p>\n

II d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Anna ordeni
\nIII d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Anna ordeni (1828)
\nIV d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Vladimir ordeni (1828)
\n\u0130mperator tacl\u0131 II M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Anna ordeni (1829)
\nIII d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Stanislav ordeni
\nAlmaz v\u0259 briliantla b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015f I d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li “G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f v\u0259 \u015eir” ordeni [14] (1829)
\nFilmoqrafiya
\nS\u0259buhi (film, 1941)<\/p>\n

Sonuncu orden (film, 2002)<\/p>\n

\u018fhm\u0259d Bak\u0131xanov (film, 2003)<\/p>\n

Q\u00fcdsi (film, 2007)<\/p>\n

Da\u015fdan tikilmi\u015f \u015f\u0259h\u0259r (film, 2008)<\/p>\n

S\u00fcbh\u00fcn s\u0259firi (film, 2012)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov (tam ad\u0131: Bak\u0131xanov Abbasqulu Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d o\u011flu, Q\u00fcdsi d. 21 iyun 1794, \u018fmircan, Bak\u0131 xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 \u00f6. 31 may 1847, M\u0259kk\u0259) \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, alimi, m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkiri v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7isi.[1] XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan maarif\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov “G\u00fcl\u00fcstani-\u0130r\u0259m” \u0259s\u0259ri il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q elminin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. “Q\u00fcdsi” t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan, \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30151"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30163,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30151\/revisions\/30163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}