{"id":30400,"date":"2019-04-29T14:30:38","date_gmt":"2019-04-29T10:30:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30400"},"modified":"2019-04-29T14:35:59","modified_gmt":"2019-04-29T10:35:59","slug":"az%c9%99rbaycan-m%c9%99tbuatinin-ilki-%c9%99kinci-q%c9%99zeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=30400","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n ilki: “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sahib(l\u0259r)\tH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi
\nT\u0259sis\u00e7i(l\u0259r)\tH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi
\nBa\u015f redaktor\tH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi
\nYaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar
\nM.F.Axundzad\u0259
\nS.\u018f.\u015eirvani
\nN.V\u0259zirov
\n\u018f.Gorani
\n\u0130sa Sultan \u015eahtaxtli
\nM\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 \u018flizad\u0259 \u015eirvani
\n\u018flim\u0259d\u0259d Abdullahzad\u0259 (M\u0259hbus D\u0259rb\u0259ndi)
\nM\u0259mnun \u018flq\u0259dari
\n\u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r El\u00e7izad\u0259
\nXa\u00e7atur Qorxmazov
\nYaranma tarixi\t22 iyul 1875
\nDil\tAz\u0259rbaycan dili
\nN\u0259\u015frini dayand\u0131r\u0131b 29 sentyabr 1877
\nBa\u015f q\u0259rargah\tBak\u0131
\nTiraj\t300-400
\nVikiAnbarda Commons-logo.svg \u0259laq\u0259li mediafayllar
\n\u018fkin\u00e7i \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 yay\u0131mlanan ilk q\u0259zet. 1875-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015flayan n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131 1877-ci ild\u0259 bitmi\u015fdir. \u0130lk say\u0131n\u0131n burax\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 22 iyul Az\u0259rbaycanda “Milli M\u0259tbuat G\u00fcn\u00fc” kimi qeyd olunur. Ayda iki d\u0259f\u0259 300-400 tirajla yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 56 say\u0131 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259zet haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat
\nXIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir s\u0131ra \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vri m\u0259tbuat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7oxdan m\u00f6vcud idi. Az\u0259rbaycanda is\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 s\u00fckut h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 bel\u0259 idi: XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131 yarada bilm\u0259mi\u015fdi. Ancaq bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 ya bu arzuda olanlar var idi. Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn tarix v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat kitablar\u0131nda, ad\u0259t\u0259n XIX \u0259srin b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Rusiya t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olmas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n sonraya aid edilir. \u018fslind\u0259, h\u0259min \u0259srin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n bir s\u0131ra tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 1813-c\u00fc ild\u0259 G\u00fcl\u00fcstan, 1828-ci ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rinin imzalanmas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n milli t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259kan verdi. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n iki yer\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si, h\u0259r hiss\u0259sinin bir d\u00f6vl\u0259tin m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259si alt\u0131nda ya\u015fama\u011fa m\u0259hkum edilm\u0259si milli azadl\u0131q duy\u011fular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, XIX \u0259srin x\u00fcsusil\u0259 ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n ictimai-siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm hadis\u0259l\u0259r, 1861-ci ild\u0259 Rusiyada t\u0259hkim\u00e7ilik h\u00fcququnun l\u0259\u011fvi onun t\u0259b\u0259\u0259liyind\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi Az\u0259rbaycana t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. \u0130qtisadi v\u0259 ictimai inki\u015faf milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259ruri etdi.<\/p>\n

1864-c\u00fc ild\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda t\u0259hkim\u00e7ilik h\u00fcququnun l\u0259\u011fvind\u0259n sonra, daha d\u0259qiq, 1870-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda da k\u0259ndli islahatlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sasnam\u0259 imzaland\u0131. \u018fslind\u0259 bu \u0259sasnam\u0259d\u0259 yeni bir \u015fey yox idi v\u0259 o, 1847-ci il \u0259sasnam\u0259si il\u0259 eyniyy\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. F\u0259rqlilik is\u0259 ondan ibar\u0259t idi ki, k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azald\u0131l\u0131r, h\u0259r 15 ya\u015fa \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259xs\u0259 5 desyatin torpaq verilirdi. \u018fslind\u0259 \u0259sasanm\u0259nin icras\u0131 zaman\u0131 torpa\u011f\u0131 5 desyatind\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olanlara \u0259lav\u0259 torpaq verilm\u0259di, k\u0259ndlinin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f binas\u0131n\u0131n, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat tikilil\u0259rinin sah\u0259si d\u0259 pay torpaqlar\u0131na daxil edildi. K\u0259ndlil\u0259rd\u0259n y\u0131\u011f\u0131lacaq vergil\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0259sasnam\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutuldu\u011fu kimi qald\u0131. Torpaq islahatlar\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 inzibati idar\u0259 islahatlar\u0131 da h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdi. Formal \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 apar\u0131lan bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r feodal istehsal m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin kapitalist m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n do\u011furdu.<\/p>\n

Qafqazdak\u0131 ali hakimiyy\u0259t burada \u00e7ar cani\u015finl\u0259rinin \u0259lind\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259nmi\u015fdi. Quberniyalar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fclki v\u0259 h\u0259rbi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 sahib olan qubernatorlar idar\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Quberniyalar is\u0259 q\u0259zalara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ke\u00e7iril\u0259n bu islahatlar\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di \u00e7arizmin Qafqazda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7iliyi m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259tm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. \u0130nzibati-\u0259razi b\u00f6lg\u00fcl\u0259ri yarad\u0131lark\u0259n bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r daxil edil\u0259n \u0259halinin milli t\u0259rkibi, onun tarixi-dini \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131rd\u0131. Bu islahatlar\u0131n yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q, formalizm xatirin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, m\u0259hSuldar q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 kapitalizmin \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131, inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn az da olsa imkanlar yarand\u0131. \u0130qtisadiyyat\u0131, s\u0259nayesi Rusiya bazarlar\u0131 il\u0259 formala\u015fan Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0259nayenin t\u0259r\u0259qqisi l\u0259ng olsa da, inki\u015fafa meyill\u0259ndi.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131 1875-ci ild\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. K\u00f6vr\u0259k add\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 atan Az\u0259rbaycan milli burjuaziyas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin s\u0259yi il\u0259 XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda maarif inki\u015faf etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 b\u0259zi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildi. M\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 ana dilinin t\u0259drisinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 M.F.Axundovun, S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259nin, S.\u018f.\u015eirvaninin xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri dan\u0131lmazd\u0131r. S.\u00dcnsizad\u0259nin \u015eamax\u0131da a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, m\u0259ntiq, psixologiya, islam dininin tarixi, h\u0259m\u00e7inin rus v\u0259 ana dili t\u0259dris olunurdu. Maarif\u00e7iliyin geni\u015f inti\u015far tapmas\u0131nda bu \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, g\u00f6rk\u0259mli maarif xadiml\u0259ri M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Ta\u011f\u0131 Sidqi, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi, N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov, S.M.Q\u0259nizad\u0259nin xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. Az\u0259rbaycan maarif\u00e7il\u0259r n\u0259slinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri olan bu \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r xalq\u0131n savadlanmas\u0131, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi ideyalar\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131 anlay\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar anadilli m\u0259tbu orqan yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7dil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i” n\u0259\u015fri il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda jurnalistika sistemini v\u0259 n\u0259slini formala\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131, pe\u015f\u0259 prinsipl\u0259rini yaratd\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan dilini r\u0259smi statusda \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u0259sas\u0131na \u00e7evirdi. Maarif\u00e7ilik ideyas\u0131n\u0131n da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan bu q\u0259zet milli t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcrl\u00fc ziyal\u0131lar n\u0259slinin yeti\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck tarixi xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Milli m\u0259tbuat tariximizin \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin n\u0259\u015fri il\u0259 ba\u011flanmas\u0131 tarixi reall\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirir. “\u018fkin\u00e7i” \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra bir s\u0131ra milli m\u0259tbu n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 c\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7d\u0131. \u00dcnsizad\u0259 qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 “Ziya” (“Ziyayi-Qafqaziyy\u0259”), “K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl” kimi n\u0259\u015frl\u0259r “\u018fkin\u00e7i” \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259tbuat\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259kan oldu. Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ideoloji y\u00f6nd\u0259n bu q\u0259zet v\u0259 d\u0259rgiy\u0259 yana\u015faraq obyektivlikd\u0259n k\u0259nar fikirl\u0259r\u0259 r\u0259vac vermi\u015fl\u0259r. Ancaq \u00dcnsizad\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259\u015fr etdiyi m\u0259tbu orqanlar islam birliyi ideyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olmas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, xalq\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, Avropan\u0131n elmi yenilikl\u0259ri il\u0259 oxucular\u0131n tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u0259d\u0259biyyata yeni bax\u0131\u015f\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131na \u0259saslar yaratd\u0131, m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259\u00e7ilik i\u015fi quruldu.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Tarixi Muzeyind\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin ilk n\u0259\u015fri
\n\u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131nda 1865-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f “Senzura haqq\u0131nda q\u0259ti qanun”dan sonra m\u0259tbuatda n\u0259\u015frin qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7ap\u0131 olduqca \u00e7\u0259tin i\u015f idi. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarmaq fikrin\u0259 1868-ci ild\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Lakin \u00e7ar idar\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki s\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u0259\u00e7ilik, h\u0259rc-m\u0259rclik Z\u0259rdabinin q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr etm\u0259k arzusunu uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u00e7in olma\u011fa qoymad\u0131. H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m M\u0259likovan\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi kimi \u201cq\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259 alma 7 il \u00e7\u0259kdi\u201d.[1] Z\u0259rdabinin r\u0259smi orqanlara ilk m\u00fcraci\u0259ti 1873-c\u00fc ilin aprel ay\u0131nda oldu. Maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saiti \u0259ld\u0259 etdikd\u0259n sonra H.Z\u0259rdabi Bak\u0131n\u0131n qubernatoru, general-mayor D.S.Staroselskiy\u0259 \u0259riz\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259 ist\u0259di. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 toxunan Z\u0259rdabi yaz\u0131r:<\/p>\n

”\tM\u0259n ona f\u0259rzimi dey\u0259nd\u0259n sonra m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6rd\u00fc ki, q\u0259zetin ad\u0131n\u0131 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” qoyum ki, guya, m\u0259hz \u0259kin v\u0259 zira\u0259td\u0259n dan\u0131\u015facaq v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 boynuna \u00e7\u0259kdi ki, senzorlu\u011funu q\u0259bul el\u0259sin. Bu t\u00f6vr \u0259riz\u0259 verib icaz\u0259 ald\u0131m.\t”
\nAz\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n bu m\u0259tbuat n\u0259\u015frin ad\u0131n\u0131n “\u018fkin\u00e7i” olmas\u0131, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, \u00e7ar rejiminin fikrini q\u0259zetin da\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas ideya istiqam\u0259tind\u0259n yay\u0131nd\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di g\u00fcd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 1875-ci ild\u0259 icaz\u0259 verildi v\u0259 iyul ay\u0131n\u0131n 22-d\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin ilk say\u0131 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu tarixd\u0259n etibar\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycanda milli d\u00f6vri m\u0259tbuat\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu. C\u0259hal\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00f6vhumata a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 vurmaq, xalqa maarif\u00e7ilik a\u015f\u0131lamaq, ana dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet oxumaq missiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n Z\u0259rdabinin m\u0259sl\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na olduqca m\u0259suliyy\u0259tli v\u0259zif\u0259 qoydular. Hans\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0259zetd\u0259 \u0259ksini tapaca\u011f\u0131 sual\u0131na “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi d\u0259rc etdiyi m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 cavab verdi v\u0259 b\u0259lli oldu ki, q\u0259zetin m\u0259ramnam\u0259si bel\u0259 olacaqd\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Daxiliyy\u0259 – buradak\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r q\u0259zetin m\u00fcn\u015fisinin \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaz\u0131lacaqd\u0131r.
\n\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri – y\u0259ni bizim, ya qeyri vilay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 olan \u0259kinl\u0259rd\u0259n.. onlar\u0131 bec\u0259rm\u0259k vaxt\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n \u0259sbablardan, \u0259kin yerini \u015fum etm\u0259kd\u0259n, \u0259kin yerini q\u00fcvv\u0259tli etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc o yer\u0259 qeyri \u015feyl\u0259r qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmaqdan, x\u00fclas\u0259, \u0259kind\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259kini bi\u00e7ib, g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb, qurudub, d\u00f6y\u00fcb saxlamaqdan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q olacaqd\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin bu ikinci f\u0259sild\u0259 maldarl\u0131qdan, mallardan \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n \u015feyl\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q olacaqd\u0131r, y\u0259ni bizim v\u0259 qeyri-vilay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259 qisim mallar saxlamaqdan v\u0259 ya n\u0259 t\u00f6vr saxlamaqdan v\u0259 onlardan \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n \u015feyl\u0259ri n\u0259 t\u00f6vr yax\u015f\u0131raq \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259kd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lacaqd\u0131r.
\nElm x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri – y\u0259ni elm v\u0259 imtahan yolu il\u0259 a\u015fkar olan, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, insan\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259nin\u0259 v\u0259 mal\u0131na n\u0259fi olan x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lacaqd\u0131r.
\nTaz\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r – bir ne\u00e7\u0259 qism olacaqd\u0131r, \u0259vv\u0259l\u0259n ticar\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri olacaq, y\u0259ni bizim vilay\u0259timizd\u0259 v\u0259 qeyri vilay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 bir \u015fey, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bu\u011fda filan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259, ya filan k\u0259ndd\u0259 n\u0259 qiym\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259 t\u00f6vr sat\u0131lmaqdan x\u0259b\u0259r ver\u0259c\u0259kdir v\u0259 s. [1]
\n\u0130lk sayda d\u0259rc olunan m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 bu m\u0259lumatlardan g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin \u0259sas ideya istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rinin 4 \u0259sas \u015f\u00f6b\u0259d\u0259 \u0259ksini tapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdi. Lakin “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin 6-c\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259n sonra q\u0259zetd\u0259 m\u0259ktublar \u015f\u00f6b\u0259si d\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 \u201cM\u0259ktublar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda materiallar da d\u0259rc olunma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu 5 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259 q\u0259zetin sonuncu n\u00f6mr\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam etmi\u015fdir. [1]”\u018fkin\u00e7i” Bak\u0131da \u00e7ap olunsa da, tezlikl\u0259 \u00fcmumrusiya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259zetin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. Onu Da\u011f\u0131standa v\u0259 Volqaboyunda, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya v\u0259 Sibird\u0259 oxuyurdular. H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m Abayeva \u00f6z xatirat\u0131nda “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f co\u011frafiyaya toxunaraq yaz\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

”\tQ\u0259zet Rusiyadak\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 yerind\u0259n t\u0259rp\u0259tmi\u015fdi. O, bir elektrik c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131 kimi b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcs\u0259lman al\u0259minin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259n ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi… Q\u0259zetin ilk abun\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri, onu birincil\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda salamlayanlar Omskdan, T\u00fcmend\u0259n, Cistopoldan olan sibirlil\u0259r, Orenburq, Ufa, Volqaboyu tatarlar\u0131 idil\u0259r.\t”
\nQ\u0259zetin ba\u015fl\u0131ca m\u00f6vzular\u0131
\nRusiyada t\u0259hsil ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 demokratik fikirli ziyal\u0131larla \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t quran v\u0259 \u201c\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430\u201d, \u201c\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u201d, \u201c\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u201d kimi demokratik m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi ideyalar\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olan Z\u0259rdabi v\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin ba\u015fqa m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259ri “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015fri il\u0259 bu ab-havan\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259yir, xalq\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini ba\u015fl\u0131ca m\u0259qs\u0259d kimi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. “\u018fkin\u00e7i” d\u00f6vr\u00fcn az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, qon\u015fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 c\u0259mi d\u00fcnyada ba\u015f ver\u0259n m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi ideyalar bar\u0259d\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u0259lumatlanmas\u0131na, m\u0259d\u0259ni intibaha q\u0259d\u0259m qoymalar\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck k\u00f6m\u0259k etmi\u015fdi. [1]<\/p>\n

\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d insanlar\u0131n adi h\u00fcquqlardan bel\u0259 m\u0259hrum oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131qcas\u0131na deyirdi. 1877-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan 6-c\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259d\u0259 o yaz\u0131rd\u0131:[1]<\/p>\n

”\tBizim \u015f\u0259ri\u0259timiz\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 qulu azad etm\u0259k \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck savab oldu\u011funu bil\u0259-bil\u0259 biz \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00f6z xahi\u015fimizl\u0259 bir-birimiz\u0259 qul olmu\u015fuq: r\u0259iyy\u0259t pad\u015faha, \u00f6vr\u0259t ki\u015fiy\u0259, u\u015faq ataya, n\u00f6k\u0259r a\u011faya, \u015fagird ustaya m\u0259g\u0259r qul deyilmi? B\u0259li, biz ham\u0131m\u0131z quluq. Buna s\u0259b\u0259b bizim ata-baba ad\u0259tl\u0259rimizdir. X\u00fclas\u0259, \u015e\u0259rqi z\u0259mind\u0259 azadl\u0131q olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na biz Avropa \u0259hlind\u0259n geri qalm\u0131\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bel\u0259 olsa biz t\u0259r\u0259qqi etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yik v\u0259 ed\u0259 d\u0259 bilm\u0259rik.\t”
\nQ\u0259zet ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 s\u00f6z azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131ndan yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tM\u0259lumdur ki, heyvan haraya gets\u0259 ged\u0259r, h\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 ist\u0259s\u0259 baxar, h\u0259r n\u0259 ist\u0259s\u0259 el\u0259y\u0259r, ha\u00e7an keyfi nec\u0259 ist\u0259s\u0259 m\u0259l\u0259y\u0259r, amma insan n\u0259inki \u00f6z ist\u0259diyini ed\u0259 bilmir, h\u0259tta keyfi ist\u0259diyi kimi dan\u0131\u015fa da bilmir.\t”
\nAzad s\u00f6z v\u0259 fikir s\u0259rb\u0259stliyinin m\u00f6vcud olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fc\u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00e7arizmin yeritdiyi siyas\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011flayan “\u018fkin\u00e7i”l\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi k\u00f6hn\u0259 qaydalar\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Q\u0259zet \u00fcst\u00fc\u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 olsa da, \u00e7arizm \u00fcsul-idar\u0259sini, onun t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259nqid edirdi. Q\u0259zetin d\u0259rc etdiyi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r bunu s\u00fcbut edir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cpeterburqda dekabr\u0131n 6-da Kazanski sobor kils\u0259sind\u0259 dua oxunan v\u0259qtd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 qeyri d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u00fcst\u0259 nalayiq s\u00f6zl\u0259r dan\u0131\u015f\u0131b. \u0130ndi senat onlar\u0131n i\u015fin\u0259 bax\u0131b, q\u0259t edib \u00e7oxunu Sibir\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rib\u201d. \u201cUral kazaklar\u0131n\u0131n yerl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259z\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259ri qayda qoyulandan sonra b\u0259zi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r ol \u0259mr\u0259 raz\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bina\u0259n h\u00f6km olunub ki, onlar\u0131 \u00f6z k\u00fclf\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 tutub T\u00fcrk\u00fcstana g\u00f6nd\u0259rsinl\u0259r\u201d Q\u0259zet c\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u0259z\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259zil\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131q etiraf edirdi.[1]<\/p>\n

\u018fz\u0259nl\u0259r sinfin\u0259 m\u0259nsub olan b\u0259yl\u0259r, a\u011falar \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin \u0259sas t\u0259nqid h\u0259d\u0259fi idi. Q\u0259zet yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, b\u0259yl\u0259r \u201cx\u0259lqin xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik fikrini \u00e7\u0259km\u0259z. Onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pul g\u0259r\u0259kdir ki, keyfi-dima\u011fa m\u0259\u015f\u011ful ola v\u0259 mill\u0259t \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 heyvan g\u0259r\u0259kdir ki, ona hakimlik edib, \u00f6z b\u0259yliyini zahir ed\u0259\u201d. \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d Peterburq f\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259yat\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259rk\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, \u201cbirc\u0259 Peterburq \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 90 min f\u0259hl\u0259 yersiz qal\u0131b”.<\/p>\n

H.Z\u0259rdabi v\u0259 onun m\u0259sl\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetini din v\u0259 m\u00f6vhumata, \u0259tal\u0259t v\u0259 geriliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz bir tribunaya \u00e7evirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Z\u0259rdabi v\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259zet s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259rc etdirdikl\u0259ri yaz\u0131lar\u0131n bir qismi dini fanatizm v\u0259 m\u00f6vhumata h\u0259sr olunmu\u015fdu. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259td\u0259ki yeniliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xanlara s\u0259rt cavab ver\u0259n Z\u0259rdabi yaz\u0131rd\u0131:[1]<\/p>\n

”\t… \u00e7\u0259km\u0259 geym\u0259kd\u0259 bir g\u00fcnah yoxdur v\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s fikir eyl\u0259s\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259r ki, \u00e7\u0259km\u0259 geym\u0259kl\u0259 insan m\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131qdan \u00e7\u0131xmaz. Amma bir \u015f\u0259xs… ba\u015fmaq yerin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259 gey\u0259nd\u0259 \u015f\u00fc\u0259ralar onu h\u0259cv edir, mollalar ona m\u0259nb\u0259rd\u0259n l\u0259n\u0259t oxuyur, \u0259vam\u00fcnnas salam verm\u0259yir, x\u00fclas\u0259 ham\u0131m\u0131z birl\u0259\u015fib onu kafir hesab edib, o q\u0259d\u0259r incidirik ki, bi\u00e7ar\u0259 na\u0259lac qal\u0131b \u00f6z mill\u0259tini at\u0131b gedib xaricil\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fcns tutur ki, onun \u00f6vlad\u0131 onlar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcb onlar\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisin\u0259 daxil olur. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bel\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259y ed\u0259k ki, bu\u011fda bitsin, olmaz. Alaq otlar\u0131 artacaq v\u0259 bir q\u0259rin\u0259d\u0259n sonra onlar\u0131 bi\u00e7ib \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 qeyr\u0259 hasil ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r.\t”
\n“\u018fkin\u00e7i” dini ayinl\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n Quranda n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan qaydalardan k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xmalar\u0131 z\u0259r\u0259rli hal hesab edirdi. A\u015fura g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015f yarman\u0131n \u0259leyhin\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 a\u00e7an “\u018fkin\u00e7i” bu hal\u0131n islam qayda-qanunlar\u0131 il\u0259 bir araya s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Q\u0259zetd\u0259 H.Z\u0259rdabinin, \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaidin (Hac\u0131 M\u0259mm\u0259dsad\u0131q), \u018f.Gorani, Heyd\u0259ri v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u00f6vzuda k\u0259skin yaz\u0131larla \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259l\u0259rini q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 etirazlar\u0131n\u0131, m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini q\u0259zet\u0259 \u00fcnvanlay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Qaraba\u011fdan Hadiyul-Muzillin H\u0259s\u0259n Qara Had\u0131, Qubadan Hadim\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid, kapitan Sultanov, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin dini fanatizmin \u0259leyhin\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259ri q\u0259bul etmir, \u00f6z m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bildirir, h\u0259tta t\u0259hqir yolu tuturdular. H.Z\u0259rdabi H.Q.Hadinin h\u0259cvini q\u0259zetd\u0259 d\u0259rc ed\u0259r\u0259k redaksiya qeydind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdi:[1]<\/p>\n

”\tC\u0259nab Hadi Qaraba\u011finin h\u0259cvini tamam \u00e7ap el\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 izn olmad\u0131… Fikrim budur ki, bizim Z\u0259rdab k\u0259ndind\u0259 Qaraba\u011f\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259 bir da\u015f qoydurub, onun \u00fcst\u0259 zikr olan h\u0259cvi tamam qazd\u0131r\u0131m ki, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 bizim \u00f6vladlar o yadigar\u0259 bax\u0131b bilsinl\u0259r ki, m\u0259n bu z\u0259hm\u0259t il\u0259 mill\u0259ti islami q\u0259fl\u0259td\u0259n ay\u0131ltmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259qtd\u0259 ne\u00e7\u0259 nadanlara rast g\u0259lmi\u015f\u0259m.\t”
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti mollalar\u0131n v\u0259 ruhanil\u0259rin i\u00e7 \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc konkret d\u0259lill\u0259rl\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259m xristian, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u00fcs\u0259lman al\u0259mind\u0259ki f\u0131r\u0131ldaqlar\u0131 bir-bir a\u00e7\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi:[1]<\/p>\n

”\t\u0130spaniya m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259tinin bir k\u0259ndind\u0259 bir t\u0259van\u0259 k\u0259s v\u0259fat ed\u0259n zaman \u00fcst\u0259 ke\u015fi\u015f g\u0259tirm\u0259digin\u0259, ke\u015fi\u015f deyib ki, bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsin ruhunu \u015feytan \u00f6z\u00fc g\u0259lib c\u0259h\u0259nn\u0259m\u0259 apar\u0131r. Meyid basd\u0131r\u0131landan ir\u0259li ol \u015f\u0259xsin evin\u0259 bir \u0259cayib paltarda uzunquyruq v\u0259 \u0259lind\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u0259l sur\u0259t daxil olub ki, ham\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcb, \u015feytan \u2013 deyib qa\u00e7\u0131b. Bir ki\u015fi bu qeyl\u00fcqal\u0131 e\u015fidib \u0259lind\u0259 t\u00fcf\u0259ng i\u00e7\u0259ri daxil olanda, ol sur\u0259t onun \u00fcst\u0259 gedib. Bu halda t\u00fcf\u0259ng at\u0131l\u0131b ona d\u0259yib. Sonra onu soyundurub g\u00f6r\u00fcbl\u0259r ki, zikr olunan ke\u015fi\u015fdir\u201d\t”
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti m\u00f6vhumat\u00e7\u0131lara birinci z\u0259rb\u0259ni d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259n m\u00fczakir\u0259ni a\u00e7maqla vurdu. Q\u0259zet g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, biz d\u0259 \u201cqeyri mill\u0259tl\u0259r kimi elmi-\u0259bdan\u0131 elmi-\u0259dyandan ay\u0131r\u0131b, onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeyri m\u0259kt\u0259bxana bina edib, qeyri m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r t\u0259yin etm\u0259liyik\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cMill\u0259t, d\u00f6vl\u0259t qeyr\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n qarda\u015flar, g\u0259r\u0259k x\u0259yalati\u2013q\u0259vaidi\u2013m\u00f6vhumiyy\u0259ti k\u0259nara qoyub, bacar\u0131q v\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259 sahibl\u0259ri \u0259sbab, al\u0259ti-t\u0259r\u0259qqiyat v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bxan\u0259l\u0259r bina edib, ma\u015f\u0131n v\u0259 ustadlar g\u0259tirib \u0259trafl\u0131 qaid\u0259-\u00fclum il\u0259 t\u0259rbiyy\u0259t etsin, ta k\u0259m-k\u0259m x\u0259lq bax\u0259b\u0259r olub, \u00f6z m\u0259a\u015f \u0259bdanlar\u0131na laz\u0131m olan i\u015fl\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirsinl\u0259r\u201d [1]<\/p>\n

Q\u0259zet \u0259kin\u00e7iliyin inki\u015faf\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n \u00e7oxlu material d\u0259rc etmi\u015fdir. Dem\u0259k olar ki, q\u0259zetin b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7ilik v\u0259 maldarl\u0131qla ba\u011fl\u0131 materiallar “Elm x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri”, “\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri” rubrikas\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Bu materiallar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini sad\u0259, r\u0259van xalq dilind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabinin \u00f6z\u00fc q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov, \u018f.Gorani kimi elmi, m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini bil\u0259n q\u0259l\u0259m \u0259hli Rusiyan\u0131n, Avropan\u0131n k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na aid yenilikl\u0259rini oxuculara \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Torpa\u011f\u0131n m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00fcbr\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259ri, m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259yini \u00fcsullar\u0131, heyvan saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni \u0259kin\u00e7ilik al\u0259tl\u0259ri \u0259sas m\u00f6vzular idi. K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na h\u0259sr etdiyi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259tan kimi m\u0259lum olan \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi a\u011fac kotanlar\u0131n \u00e7oxlu i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259si x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini pisl\u0259yir, onun t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f al\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z edilm\u0259sinin vacibliyini qeyd edirdi:<\/p>\n

”\tX\u00fclas\u0259, d\u00fcnyada kotan \u00e7oxdur, amma bizimkind\u0259n yaman\u0131 he\u00e7 olmaz. Onun h\u0259r bir hiss\u0259si yaman oldu\u011funa 8 c\u00fct \u00f6k\u00fcz il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dirik v\u0259 onunla bel\u0259 yeri nar\u0131n edib \u00e7evir\u0259 bilm\u0259yirik. Ona bian\u0259n bizim tavanas\u0131 olan \u0259kin\u00e7il\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131 el\u0259dil\u0259r ki, Moskva karxanalar\u0131ndan \u0259la kotanlar g\u0259tirib i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259ydil\u0259r.\t”
\nM\u00fc\u0259llif m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat verirdi ki, art\u0131q d\u00fcnyada kotanla yer \u015fumlanm\u0131r:<\/p>\n

”\t\u0130ndi elm sahibl\u0259ri s\u0259y edirl\u0259r ki, kotan\u0131 su bu\u011fu il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n ma\u015f\u0131nla i\u015fl\u0259tsinl\u0259r v\u0259 bel\u0259 ma\u015f\u0131nlar qay\u0131r\u0131blar ki, bir ta\u011far yeri bir saatda \u015fumx edir.\t”
\nZ\u0259rdabi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, Qafqazda qaramal sayca \u00e7oxdur, lakin bunlardan az m\u0259hsul g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131 t\u00f6vl\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 saxlay\u0131b yeml\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Q\u0259zetd\u0259 aqrotexniki v\u0259 zootexniki m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t xarakteri da\u015f\u0131yan yaz\u0131lar verilirdi. Torpa\u011f\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tini, m\u00fcnbitliyini m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259k \u00fcsulu xalqa \u00e7ox sad\u0259 bir dil il\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Q\u0259zet bu\u011fdan\u0131n n\u00f6vl\u0259rini, onlar\u0131n \u0259kilib bec\u0259rilm\u0259si \u00fcsullar\u0131n\u0131 izah etmi\u015fdir. Tax\u0131l\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q haqda q\u0259zetd\u0259 bel\u0259 maraql\u0131 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olur: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tOnu bir yerd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il dalbadal \u0259ks\u0259k hasil ilb\u0259il az olar. Ona bina\u0259n yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ki, bir il bu\u011fda \u0259k\u0259nd\u0259n sonra, yer bir il dinc\u0259lsin v\u0259 ya bu\u011fdadan sonra o yerd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il qeyri \u015fey, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131, kartofel, t\u0259nb\u0259ki, yerk\u00f6k\u00fc v\u0259 qeyri k\u00f6k\u00fc d\u0259rin\u0259 ged\u0259n \u015fey \u0259k\u0259s\u0259n. X\u00fclas\u0259 yer dinc\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 qalanda bir il ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259 bu\u011fda \u0259km\u0259k olar.\t”
\n“\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 materiallar\u0131n\u0131 H.Z\u0259rdabi, N.V\u0259zirov, \u018f.Gorani kimi elmli, bilikli, m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r yaz\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onlar Rusiyan\u0131n, Avropan\u0131n k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na dair yenilikl\u0259rin vaxt\u0131nda oxuculara \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d nin m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259ri xalq\u0131n z\u00fclm alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n birini elmsizlikd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Onun fikrinc\u0259 adamlar\u0131n biri dig\u0259rin\u0259 avaml\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n qul olur. M\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin birind\u0259 deyilir:[1]<\/p>\n

”\tM\u0259lumdur ki, bir heyvan bir ahunu \u015fikar edib \u00f6z\u00fc yeyir v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r bir qeyri heyvan onun \u0259lind\u0259n o ahunu almaq ist\u0259s\u0259 onunla \u00f6l\u0259n\u0259c\u0259n dava ed\u0259r, amma insan qan-t\u0259r t\u00f6k\u00fcb qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 avaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u00f6z \u0259li il\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 verib onlar\u0131n d\u0259xi art\u0131q t\u0259van\u0259 olma\u011f\u0131na bais olur.\t”
\n\u018fkin\u00e7i realist s\u0259n\u0259tin be\u015fiyi ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ox ay\u0131qsay\u0131q dayanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Q\u0259zetin m\u00fch\u0259rrirl\u0259ri \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n h\u0259yatla \u0259laq\u0259sini, s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 m\u0259zmun v\u0259 forma m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini d\u00fczg\u00fcn ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. H.Z\u0259rdabi, N.V\u0259zirov, \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid v\u0259 Heyd\u0259ri \u00f6z m\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131nda k\u00f6hn\u0259 sxolastik \u015feiri, ictimai m\u0259zmunu olmayan h\u0259cv \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259nqid etmi\u015f, \u015feird\u0259 elmin, maarifin, h\u0259yat h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Q\u0259zet h\u0259cvk\u00fclar haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\t\u0130ndi yaz\u0131lan h\u0259cvl\u0259r m\u0259st olan \u00e7\u0259km\u0259\u00e7i dan\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na ox\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na n\u0259inki onlar\u0131 oxumaq olmur, h\u0259tta adam olan k\u0259s onlar\u0131 oxuyanda \u0259ti \u00fcrp\u0259rir.\t”
\nH.Z\u0259rdabi \u015fairl\u0259ri h\u0259yatla ayaqla\u015fma\u011fa s\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tBizim z\u0259man\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi z\u0259man\u0259sidir v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi etm\u0259y\u0259n taif\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fc-g\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl edib ax\u0131rda pu\u00e7 olacaq, ona bina\u0259n bizim \u015f\u00fc\u0259ra qarda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zdan ki, onlar \u0259lh\u0259q xalq\u0131n g\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u0259r, iltimas edirik, t\u0259qazayi-z\u0259man\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq, x\u0259lqin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ma\u011fa s\u0259y etsinl\u0259r.\t”
\nN.V\u0259zirov \u015feirin t\u0259rbiy\u0259vi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir v\u0259 nalayiq h\u0259cvl\u0259r yazanlar\u0131 k\u0259skin if\u015fa edirdi. \u018fkin\u00e7i m\u00fch\u0259rrirl\u0259ri xalq yarad\u0131cl\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verirdil\u0259r. Z\u0259rdabi xalq mahn\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ictimai h\u0259yat\u0131 \u0259ks etdim\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259sini qoyurdu. O, m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tM\u0259lumdur ki, h\u0259r k\u0259sin mahn\u0131dan xo\u015fu g\u0259lir, s\u0259si olan da… olmayan da k\u00f6nl\u00fc ist\u0259y\u0259n vaxt mahn\u0131 oxuyur. Bu s\u0259b\u0259b\u0259 mahn\u0131 \u00e7ox vacib \u015feydir, ona bina\u0259n, onun m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaq s\u0259yin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. H\u0259r tayfan\u0131n… ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 olan yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 yaman g\u00fcnl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259rh ed\u0259n mahn\u0131lar\u0131 olur; bunlar a\u011f\u0131zdan-a\u011f\u0131za d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb mill\u0259ti birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 bais olur. Amma bizim mahn\u0131lara baxan g\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb eyl\u0259sin, x\u00fcdab\u0259nd\u0259, onlar\u0131 kim v\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fcz\u0259ldib! Onlar\u0131n \u00e7oxunu ki, avam \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, he\u00e7 m\u0259nas\u0131 yoxdur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ….\t”
\nZ\u0259rdabi m\u0259qal\u0259nin sonunda g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, bizim \u015fairl\u0259rimiz bir-birin\u0259 h\u0259cv etm\u0259kd\u0259ns\u0259 m\u0259nal\u0131 mahn\u0131lar yazsalar xalq\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi inki\u015faf\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259rl\u0259r. \u018fkin\u00e7i redaksiyas\u0131na \u00e7oxlu hekay\u0259l\u0259r g\u0259lirdi. Lakin Z\u0259rdabi b\u0259dii v\u0259 m\u0259zmun c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n z\u0259if olanlar\u0131 buraxm\u0131rd\u0131. Bir m\u0259ktubunda Z\u0259rdabi bo\u015f v\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131z hekay\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin\u0259 i\u015far\u0259 vuraraq yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tEy qarda\u015flar, r\u0259va deyil ki, birc\u0259 q\u0259zetimiz var ki, “\u018fkin\u00e7i” olsun, siz\u0259 \u201c\u018flif Leyla\u201d d\u0259rsi desin. Bu halda m\u00fcs\u0259lman mill\u0259ti tufana d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f t\u0259kidir ki, h\u0259r l\u0259p\u0259 onlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sinin apar\u0131b q\u0259rq edir…. Qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n q\u0259rq olma\u011f\u0131na baxa-baxa in\u0259k ir\u0259lid\u0259n yediyi x\u00f6r\u0259yi k\u00f6y\u015f\u0259y\u0259n kimi R\u00fcst\u0259m Zal\u0131n na\u011f\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 oxuyub ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 olanlar\u0131n q\u00fcvv\u0259til\u0259 f\u0259xr ed\u0259k v\u0259 \u00f6z q\u0259rq olma\u011f\u0131m\u0131za \u0259lac eyl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259k.\t”
\n“\u018fkin\u00e7i”l\u0259r
\nH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u2013 Xalq\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisini onun maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi m\u0259d\u0259ni y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015f namin\u0259 f\u0259rqli vasit\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ba\u015f vurmu\u015f, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ideyalar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdi. M\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015eagirdl\u0259rin\u0259 Yard\u0131m C\u0259miyy\u0259ti t\u0259sis edir v\u0259 gimnaziyadak\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri olan N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov v\u0259 \u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Ad\u0131g\u00f6z\u0259lov (Gorani) il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6v bir yay\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n k\u0259nd v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini dola\u015f\u0131r. Onun t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259hsil x\u0259rcl\u0259rini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk xeyriyy\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 u\u011furlu al\u0131nmad\u0131. B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259 d\u0259 olsa, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y 1600 manata q\u0259d\u0259r pul toplay\u0131r v\u0259 bu v\u0259saitin faizi il\u0259 ild\u0259 1-2 n\u0259f\u0259rin t\u0259hsil haqq\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259yir. Bu i\u015fl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00f6z m\u0259nzilind\u0259 pansionat a\u00e7\u0131r, h\u0259r il on n\u0259f\u0259r az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 u\u015faq bu pansionata q\u0259bul olunur v\u0259 gimnaziyaya daxil olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. 1872-ci ild\u0259 ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 qurdu\u011fu Tiflisd\u0259 N\u0259cib Q\u0131zlar \u0130nstitutunu bitirmi\u015f H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m Abayeva da t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259rinin \u0259n yax\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi olur. Mill\u0259tin maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si yolunda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi s\u0259yl\u0259ri H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bel\u0259 t\u0259svir edir:<\/p>\n

”\tO, bir n\u0259f\u0259r d\u0259mir\u00e7ini \u00f6z u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gimnaziyaya verm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\t”
\n[2]<\/p>\n

T\u0259bii ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc i\u015fl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131 mill\u0259tin t\u0259r\u0259qqisi namin\u0259 edil\u0259n, mayas\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259rlikd\u0259n do\u011fulan i\u015fl\u0259r idi. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n o zamank\u0131 tarixi inki\u015faf s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259n t\u0259sirli, m\u00fcnasib vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n birinin m\u0259tbu s\u00f6z oldu\u011funu H.Z\u0259rdabi duymam\u0131\u015f deyildi. O ana dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr etm\u0259k fikrin\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 Qubada, mahal m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin katibi i\u015fl\u0259diyi d\u00f6vrd\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. B\u00f6y\u00fck Az\u0259rbaycan maarifi\u00e7isi Abbasqulu b\u0259y Bak\u0131xanovun qarda\u015f\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b olunan maliyy\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259rini \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u0259lam\u0259tdar idi. Az\u0259rbaycan jurnalistikas\u0131 tarixind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi “\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin timsal\u0131nda m\u0259tbuata k\u00fctl\u0259vi informasiya vasit\u0259si, maarif\u00e7iliyin \u0259sas\u0131, ictimai-siyasi \u015f\u00fcurun formala\u015fmas\u0131 fakt\u0131 kimi yana\u015fd\u0131. “H\u0259r bir vilay\u0259tin q\u0259zeti g\u0259r\u0259k o vilay\u0259tin aynas\u0131 olsun”, “yax\u015f\u0131-yamanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fkar el\u0259sin”, “xalq\u0131n h\u0259r bir d\u0259rdi v\u0259 xahi\u015fi o q\u0259zetd\u0259 \u00e7ap olunsun ki, o q\u0259zet\u0259 baxan xalq\u0131 aynada g\u00f6r\u0259n kimi g\u00f6rs\u00fcn” kimi d\u0259rin m\u0259nal\u0131 fikirl\u0259r \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da \u0259sas prinsipl\u0259ri olaraq qalmaqdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi q\u0259zet\u0259 ana dilini \u00f6yr\u0259d\u0259n bir m\u0259kt\u0259b kimi bax\u0131rd\u0131, \u201cq\u0259zet v\u0259 ya jurnal oxumaq insan\u0131 d\u00fcnyadan x\u0259b\u0259rdar edir, \u00f6z dilini \u00f6yr\u0259dir\u201d. O, t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259 s\u00fcbut edirdi ki, Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259tbuat\u0131 \u00f6z milli z\u0259mini \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259y\u0259 qadirdir, q\u0259zet xalq\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda inki\u015fafa do\u011fru t\u0259kanverici amil ola bil\u0259r. Lakin jurnalistikaya meyl g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n, onu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t se\u00e7\u0259n adamlar\u0131n olmamas\u0131, Z\u0259rdabini tutdu\u011fu b\u00f6y\u00fck yolda \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 sal\u0131rd\u0131. O, bu bar\u0259d\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tD\u00fcnyada h\u0259r q\u0259zeti 5 v\u0259 ya 10 adam in\u015fa edir, onu \u00e7ap el\u0259y\u0259n, h\u00fcrufat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcz\u0259n, q\u0259l\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u00fcz\u0259ld\u0259n ba\u015fqa k\u0259sl\u0259r olur. Amma bu i\u015fl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259n t\u0259k \u00f6z\u00fcm g\u00f6r\u00fcm. H\u0259tta bizim m\u00fcs\u0259laman \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 bir savadl\u0131 olan m\u00fcs\u0259lman yoxdur ki, q\u0259zet\u0259 bax\u0131b onun q\u0259l\u0259tini d\u00fcz\u0259ltsin v\u0259 ya h\u00fcrufat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczs\u00fcn.\t”
\nAz\u0259rbaycanda milli dild\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259l\u0259rin olmamas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259si idi ki, \u0130randa, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ap olunan q\u0259zet v\u0259 kitablardan istifad\u0259 edilir v\u0259 bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 dilimizd\u0259 xarici s\u00f6zl\u0259rin, ifad\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259rkibl\u0259rin i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tOnlar\u0131n kitablar\u0131n\u0131 bizim adam \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oxumaq \u00e7\u0259tindir. Ona bina\u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131 ki, bizim mill\u0259t qeyr\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n qarda\u015flar bir icma bina edib, \u00e7apxana a\u00e7\u0131b \u00f6z dilimizd\u0259 \u00e7ap el\u0259tdirib kitablar\u0131 xalqa m\u00fcft\u0259 , ya bir az qiym\u0259t\u0259 paylas\u0131n.\t”
\nBu b\u00f6y\u00fck maarif f\u0259daisi “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin n\u0259\u015fri \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259ki qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z a\u00e7araq xat\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

”\t“\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin n\u0259\u015fri \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259ki qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z a\u00e7araq xat\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131: “B\u0259s q\u0259zeti nec\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131m? Pul yox, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 yox, \u00e7apxana yox, h\u00fcrufat yox, \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 yox, bir-iki y\u00fczd\u0259n art\u0131q da oxuyan olmayacaq. D\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n izn almaq da ki, bir b\u00f6y\u00fck b\u0259lad\u0131r.\t”
\nZ\u0259rdabi q\u0259zet oxuyanlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vaxt n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259rib pulsuz paylay\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259l\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xmam\u0131\u015fdan \u0259vv\u0259l Z\u0259rdabinin M.F. Axundova g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktubda bunu ayd\u0131n g\u00f6rm\u0259k olar: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tB\u0259lk\u0259 sizi bel\u0259 bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr ki, n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fqa birisi deyil m\u0259hz siz, \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 m\u00fcft\u0259, bir quru \u201c\u00e7ox sa\u011f ol\u201d e\u015fitm\u0259y\u0259 bel\u0259 \u00fcmidiniz olmadan bu bar\u0259d\u0259 z\u0259hm\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259siniz. Onda m\u0259n m\u0259cburam dey\u0259m ki, xalqa s\u0259n\u0259 do\u011fma olan xalqa m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259td\u0259n, avamlar\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n s\u00f6hb\u0259t ged\u0259n yerd\u0259 bu sual ortaya g\u0259lm\u0259m\u0259lidir; xalq\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 gerid\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015f avam xalq\u0131n, s\u0259nin v\u0259 m\u0259nim qarda\u015f\u0131m\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si i\u015fin\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0259sr ed\u0259n bir adam\u0131 bel\u0259 bir fikir yoldan qoymamal\u0131d\u0131r. O, m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259, i\u015fini g\u00f6r\u0259-g\u00f6r\u0259 vicdan\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyacaqd\u0131r.\t”
\nH\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd edir ki, bir d\u0259f\u0259 frans\u0131z q\u0259zetinin ba\u015f m\u00fcxbiri Bak\u0131ya g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O, Rusiyada, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Bak\u0131da q\u0259zet i\u015finin qurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nirdi. O, b\u00fct\u00fcn Rusiyada Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan yegan\u0259 q\u0259zetl\u0259 maraqlan\u0131b H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin yan\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Q\u0259zetin \u00fc\u00e7 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 ancaq 300 abun\u0259\u00e7isi oldu\u011funu bilinc\u0259 m\u00fcxbir t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 bax\u0131b s\u0259mimi sur\u0259td\u0259 dedi: [1]<\/p>\n

”\t\u201cSiz q\u0259hr\u0259mans\u0131n\u0131z, bizim Fransada bu c\u00fcr yoxsul q\u0259zetl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n adam tap\u0131lmaz. Sizin energiyan\u0131za heyran qalm\u0131\u015fam. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr siz \u00f6z xalq\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ox sevirsiniz.\t”
\nZ\u0259rdabi \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d d\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n yaz\u0131rd\u0131. \u201c\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ged\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi torpa\u011f\u0131n elmi qayda il\u0259 bec\u0259rilm\u0259sind\u0259n, \u0259kin\u00e7ilik i\u015fl\u0259rini yeni yola \u00e7\u0131xarmaqdan, yeni ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u0259tbiqind\u0259n v\u0259 s. b\u0259hs edirdi.<\/p>\n

O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin k\u0259skin siyasi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 qoyurdu, z\u0259man\u0259nin eyibl\u0259rini a\u00e7\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. O, b\u0259z\u0259n ustal\u0131qla adi bir m\u0259qal\u0259nin i\u00e7ind\u0259 siyasi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hs edirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, o, bir m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 oxucuya adi bir x\u0259b\u0259r verir, g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, frans\u0131z alimi Paster barama qurdu b\u0259sl\u0259m\u0259yin yeni qaydas\u0131n\u0131 tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Fransa s\u00f6z\u00fc i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n yerd\u0259 m\u00f6t\u0259riz\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131b deyirdi ki, (indi Fir\u0259ngistanda pad\u015fah yoxdur, d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u015fin\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 (y\u0259ni m\u0259clis) m\u00fclahiz\u0259 edir ki, ol m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin calisl\u0259rini camaat z\u00fcbd\u0259 edir). Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Z\u0259rdabi oxucuya ba\u015fa salmaq ist\u0259yirdi ki, Fransada d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015fu bizimkind\u0259n yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Orada m\u0259clisi camaat se\u00e7ir, d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rini t\u0259k bir adam deyil, m\u0259clis idar\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n

Z\u0259rdabinin h\u0259m jurnalistlik, h\u0259m d\u0259 elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 materialist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259ks etdirir. Onun \u201ctorpaq, su v\u0259 hava\u201d, \u201cB\u0259d\u0259ni salamat saxlamaq d\u00fcsturul\u0259m\u0259li\u201d \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, 1905-1906-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cH\u0259yat\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259, 1907-ci ild\u0259 \u201cD\u0259bistan\u201d jurnal\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131xan m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri hiss etm\u0259k olur. [1]<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundov- milli dramaturgiyan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyan Axundov bu ideyalarla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda Z\u0259rdabinin \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d adl\u0131 q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr etdirm\u0259k x\u0259b\u0259rini e\u015fidib onu alq\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Q\u0259zet bar\u0259sind\u0259 Axundovla Z\u0259rdabi aras\u0131nda xeyli m\u0259ktubla\u015fmalar olmu\u015fdur. O, 1875-ci ild\u0259 aprelin 21-d\u0259 Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktubda deyir: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tG\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyiniz elanlardan \u015eeyx\u00fcl-islama v\u0259 M\u00fcft\u00fcy\u0259 – h\u0259r\u0259sin\u0259 25 n\u00fcsx\u0259 verdim. Onlar\u0131n h\u0259r ikisind\u0259n sizin m\u0259n\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u0259ktubda ifad\u0259 etdiyiniz xahi\u015finizi yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259yi rica etdim… M\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n elanlara g\u0259linc\u0259, onlardan 10 d\u0259n\u0259sini m\u0259nim xahi\u015fim\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, buradak\u0131 \u0130ran konsulu c\u0259nablar\u0131 q\u0259bul etdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, siz 10 n\u0259f\u0259r abun\u0259\u00e7inin pulunu oradan alacaqs\u0131n\u0131z. M\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutmu\u015fam ki, savadl\u0131 tan\u0131\u015flar\u0131ma t\u0259sad\u00fcf etdikd\u0259, bu elanlardan onlara t\u0259qdim ed\u0259r\u0259k, sizin q\u0259zetiniz\u0259 abun\u0259\u00e7i olma\u011f\u0131 onlardan xahi\u015f edim.\t”
\nM.F.Axundov bu m\u0259ktubda q\u0259zetl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm v\u0259zif\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Axundovun fikrinc\u0259, geni\u015f oxucu k\u00fctl\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn burax\u0131lan m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131n\u0131n \u015friftl\u0259ri g\u00f6z\u0259l, dili, \u00fcslubu, orfoqrafiyas\u0131 tam d\u00fczg\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r. O, ki\u00e7ik bir elanda \u00e7oxlu orfoqrafiya s\u0259hvi g\u00f6r\u00fcb yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tQ\u0259zetinizin \u015friftind\u0259n m\u0259n f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 raz\u0131yam. Ancaq sizin az\u0259rbaycanca m\u0259ktublar\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan m\u00fch\u0259rrird\u0259n \u00e7ox naraz\u0131yam. O, Az\u0259rbaycan dilini bilmir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 ki\u00e7ik bir elanda bir \u00e7ox ba\u011f\u0131\u015flan\u0131lmaz s\u0259hvl\u0259r\u0259 yol vermi\u015fdir. H\u0259min bu m\u00fch\u0259rriri \u0259r\u0259b qrammatikas\u0131n\u0131 bil\u0259n, fars v\u0259 t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rin\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d olan ba\u015fqa bir savadl\u0131 adamla \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.\t”
\nB\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir Tiflisd\u0259 \u00f6z komediyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ap etdir\u0259rk\u0259n dilinin s\u0259lisliyin\u0259, orfoqrafiyan\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259 x\u00fcsusi fikir vermi\u015fdi. Onun Z\u0259rdabid\u0259n xahi\u015fi bu idi ki, h\u0259min komediyalar\u0131n orfoqrafiyas\u0131na riay\u0259t etsin. M.F.Axundov h\u0259tta, elanda olan b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259hvl\u0259rin alt\u0131ndan q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 q\u0259l\u0259ml\u0259 c\u0131z\u0131qlar \u00e7\u0259kib bir n\u00fcsx\u0259sini H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

M.F.Axundov \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri \u00e7ox d\u00fczg\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdi: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tSizin q\u0259zetinizin \u0259sas m\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri ifad\u0259nin g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi, ibar\u0259l\u0259rin z\u0259rifliyi v\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, orfoqrafiyan\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki sizin q\u0259zetiniz ba\u015fqa m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn olmayan ifad\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131, bu dild\u0259 yazan b\u00fct\u00fcn adamlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u00fcmun\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\t”
\nM\u0259ktubun sonunda M.F.Axundov “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirir v\u0259 q\u0259zetin proqram\u0131n\u0131n ona g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259sini H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabid\u0259n xahi\u015f edir. Axundov \u018fkin\u00e7inin qald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcm ictimai-siyasi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 dair \u00f6z r\u0259yini bildirir, habel\u0259 \u201cV\u0259kili-mill\u0259ti-nam\u0259lum\u201d imzas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259ktublar yaz\u0131rd\u0131. A\u015fura m\u0259rasiml\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f yar\u0131b, insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 x\u0259sar\u0259t yetirm\u0259sinin islama zidd oldu\u011funu bildir\u0259n v\u0259 bu m\u00f6vzuda polemika a\u00e7an “\u018fkin\u00e7i” d\u0259 M.F.Axundov m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259 dayanm\u0131\u015f, c\u0259hal\u0259tp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259ri k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid etmi\u015fdir. [1]<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani \u2014 S.\u018f. \u015eirvaninin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm bir hiss\u0259si \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Q\u0259zetin satira c\u0259bh\u0259si \u015eirvaninin \u015feirl\u0259ri hesab\u0131na olduqca q\u00fcvv\u0259tli idi. \u018fkin\u00e7inin t\u0259siri il\u0259 o, g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n z\u0259ruri m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun \u015feirl\u0259r yaz\u0131rd\u0131. Q\u0259zet onun \u0259lind\u0259 maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 yaymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xitab\u0259t k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin b\u00f6y\u00fck rolu oldu\u011funu \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 vur\u011fulayan \u015eirvaninin n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259zetin xeyli \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri vard\u0131. Birinci: q\u0259zet d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259zmunlu x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri toplay\u0131b oxuculara \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 d\u00fcnya i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar olmaqda oxuculara k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. \u0130kinci: q\u0259zet elm toxumu s\u0259pir, \u0259kin\u00e7iliyi y\u00fcks\u0259ltm\u0259yin yollar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259ti daha da yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaq ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llimdir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc: q\u0259zet ana dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dilin safla\u015fmas\u0131nda, t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. N\u0259hay\u0259t: q\u0259zetin qiym\u0259ti ucuz, m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin dili sad\u0259 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 ham\u0131ya m\u00fcnasibdir. [1]<\/p>\n

\u015eair \u201cQ\u0259zet n\u0259dir\u201d \u015feirind\u0259 oxucular\u0131 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin m\u0259ram\u0259 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f edir, q\u0259zetin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259ri satira at\u0259\u015fin\u0259 tuturdu. Seyid \u018fzim \u015feird\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn q\u0259zetl\u0259rinin x\u00fclas\u0259sini verir, \u0259kin\u00e7ini m\u00f6vqeyini d\u00fczg\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdi.<\/p>\n

Qafqaz \u0259hlin\u0259 xitab\u0259n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feirind\u0259 \u015fair z\u0259man\u0259sind\u0259n \u015fikay\u0259t edir. Din xadiml\u0259rini min bir hiyl\u0259 il\u0259 xalq\u0131 soymas\u0131, avaml\u0131q, gerilik, savads\u0131zl\u0131q satira at\u0259\u015fin\u0259 tutulur. S.\u018f.\u015eirvaninin bu \u015feirind\u0259 H.Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259t verir, onun elmini, biliyini t\u0259rifl\u0259yir, elm \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k say\u0259sind\u0259 xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n qabaqc\u0131l, g\u00f6z\u00fca\u00e7\u0131q adam\u0131 olmas\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259xr edir.<\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvani \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 10-dan \u00e7ox satirik \u015feir v\u0259 m\u0259ktub \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdir. Onun ilk \u015feiri q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015frinin 1-ci ilind\u0259 6-c\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259d\u0259 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259min n\u00f6mr\u0259d\u0259n sonra \u015eirvaninin \u015feirl\u0259ri h\u0259m \u0259sas n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259rc olunmu\u015fdur. [1]<\/p>\n

N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na mahir dramaturq kimi daxil olan, h\u0259l\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259lik ill\u0259rind\u0259n “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin s\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259s vermi\u015f, onun yarad\u0131c\u0131 hey\u0259tin\u0259 qat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, publisist m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etmi\u015fdir. Onun ilk publisist \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdur. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259si i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u0259nd\u0259 N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov Moskvada Petrovski-Razumovsk K\u0259nd T\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 Akademiyas\u0131nda t\u0259hsil al\u0131rd\u0131. Bak\u0131da real gimnaziyada oxuyan vaxt Z\u0259rdabi onun m\u00fc\u0259llimi olmu\u015fdu. M\u00fc\u0259lliminin anadilind\u0259 q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr etm\u0259sini Moskvada e\u015fid\u0259n V\u0259zirov “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak etm\u0259yi qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259d qoymu\u015fdu. 1875-ci il avqust ay\u0131n\u0131n 28-d\u0259 Z\u0259rdabinin \u00fcnvan\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktubunda V\u0259zirov yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\t\u018fvv\u0259linci iki n\u00f6mr\u0259ni ald\u0131m. “\u018fkin\u00e7i” m\u0259nim ana dili m\u00fc\u0259llimimdir. T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn orijinal bir \u015fey tapm\u0131ram. \u00d6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcnk\u00fcn\u00fc yaz\u0131ram. Davam\u0131 da olacaq. Q\u0259zetin proqram\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rin ki, n\u0259d\u0259n yazaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 bilim.\t”
\nM\u0259ktubla b\u0259rab\u0259r Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 \u015eu\u015fan\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131ndan, buradak\u0131 gerilik v\u0259 m\u00f6vhumatdan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n “A\u011f\u0131\u00e7\u0131” adl\u0131 felyeton g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259n V\u0259zirovun bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmad\u0131. Bu onu ruhdan salmam\u0131\u015f, \u00f6z yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dy\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m m\u0259ktublar g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdir. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 d\u0259rc etdiyi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 N.V\u0259zirov \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 toxunmu\u015f, ger\u00e7\u0259kliyi \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva ed\u0259n n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin yerini h\u0259cvl\u0259rin, m\u0259dhiyy\u0259l\u0259rin tutmas\u0131na m\u0259nfi m\u00fcnasib\u0259t bildirmi\u015fdi. [1]<\/p>\n

Onun \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dd\u0259 8 m\u0259qal\u0259si d\u0259rc olunmu\u015fdur. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u00f6vzulardad\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ilk m\u0259qal\u0259si Petrovsk-Razumovsk Akademiyas\u0131nda mal-qaran\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131ndan, yem haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndan b\u0259hs edir.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d nin proqram\u0131nda da vaxt\u0131 ke\u00e7mi\u015f ad\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259nqidi m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tuturdu. Odur ki, N.V\u0259zirov bu m\u00f6vzuda m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verirdi. Q\u0259zetd\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirdiyi 2-ci m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 V\u0259zirov yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tBizim ad\u0259ti-q\u0259dim\u0259 z\u0259man\u0259 r\u0259ftar\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00fcz g\u0259lm\u0259yir. Biz qanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131rma\u011fa s\u0259y ed\u0259nd\u0259 ad\u0259ti-q\u0259diml\u0259ri d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259y etmirik.\t”
\nYaxud \u201cB\u0259nd m\u0259xsusi\u201d s\u0259rl\u00f6vh\u0259li ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 N.V\u0259zirov yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tH\u0259rd\u0259m t\u0259nha oturub fikir edir\u0259m, x\u00fcdab\u0259nd\u0259, bizim ax\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z nec\u0259 olacaq! \u018fqlimiz at-baba \u0259qli, getdiyimiz ata-baba yolu, he\u00e7 bir d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259k yoxdur. Ata-babam\u0131z xoruz v\u0259 qo\u00e7 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcb, it bo\u011fu\u015fdurub, qur\u015faq tutdurub, d\u0259rvi\u015f n\u0259qlin\u0259 qulaq as\u0131b, q\u0131z\u0131l qu\u015f saxlay\u0131b, g\u00fcnl\u0259rin ke\u00e7irdib, biz d\u0259 ki, bu yolu gedirik, t\u0259l\u0259f olacay\u0131q.\t”
\nMaarif v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n d\u0259 N.V\u0259zirov k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f ad\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259yi ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. O yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\t\u0130nsan bir \u015fey\u0259 ad\u0259t ed\u0259nd\u0259n sonra onun yamanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259z. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, burunotu \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k bir yaman ad\u0259tdir. Amma onu \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ondan xo\u015f \u015fey olmaz, habel\u0259 bizim m\u0259kt\u0259bxanalar\u0131m\u0131zdan yaman m\u0259kt\u0259bxana d\u00fcnyada tap\u0131lmaz, amma ona el\u0259 ad\u0259t el\u0259mi\u015fik ki, guya ondan \u0259la m\u0259kt\u0259bxana d\u00fcnyada olmaz.\t”
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d d\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirdiyi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 N.V\u0259zirov \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 toxunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

\u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Gorani – Bak\u0131 real gimnaziyas\u0131nda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin \u015fagirdi olmu\u015f, sonra is\u0259 t\u0259hsilini Moskvada Petrovski-Razumovsk K\u0259nd T\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat Akademiyas\u0131nda davam etdirmi\u015fdi. \u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Gorani \u015f\u0259c\u0259r\u0259 etibaril\u0259 Qaraba\u011f xanlar\u0131 n\u0259slind\u0259ndir. Moskvada t\u0259hsil alark\u0259n N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov kimi o da “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin n\u0259\u015frini e\u015fitmi\u015f, anadilli m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sevinmi\u015fdi. Onun \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 40-d\u0259k m\u0259ktubu d\u0259rc olunmu\u015fdur. Q\u0259zetin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 onun m\u0259ktublar\u0131na rast g\u0259lm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u201cElm x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 Goraninin q\u0259birstanl\u0131\u011fa yax\u0131n yerl\u0259rd\u0259 su quyular\u0131n\u0131n qaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259r\u0259rind\u0259n, mal-qaran\u0131 saxlama\u011f\u0131n yeni \u00fcsullar\u0131ndan, \u015e\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n elmsizliyinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n, telefonun v\u0259 stenoqrafiyan\u0131n ixtisar\u0131ndan, tarix elminin inki\u015faf\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n maraql\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131 verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u0259ktubat\u201d \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259rc etdirdiyi yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birind\u0259 Gorani Bak\u0131-Tiflis d\u0259mir yolunun \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin q\u0259rar\u0131ndan, d\u0259mir yolunun ke\u00e7\u0259c\u0259yi yerl\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259lumat verir. Ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259ktubunda is\u0259 Peterburq k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 muzeyind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Muzeyin \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259ri, eksponatlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat verir, bel\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni ocaqlar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. [1]<\/p>\n

\u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa q\u0259zetd\u0259 t\u0259z\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r yazma\u011fa \u00e7ox meyl edirdi. Bu x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259bli\u011fat g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 malik idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan 1-ci n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 Goraninin Peterburq pad\u015fahl\u0131q kitabxanas\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259si verilmi\u015fdir. M\u00fc\u0259llif g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, bu kitabxanada 900 min basma, 30 min yazma kitab v\u0259 75 min kitab sur\u0259ti saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. Qiym\u0259tli n\u00fcsx\u0259l\u0259r \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259 alt\u0131nda n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirilir. \u201c\u018fg\u0259r bir k\u0259s bils\u0259 ki, filan kitab yoxdur, o vaxt dey\u0259 bil\u0259r ki, onu tap\u0131b iki h\u0259ft\u0259nin m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 ona versinl\u0259r. H\u0259r yek\u015f\u0259nb\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fc kitabxanan\u0131 h\u0259r bir k\u0259s g\u0259zib tama\u015fa ed\u0259 bil\u0259r…\u201d<\/p>\n

\u018f. Gorani rusca \u00e7\u0131xan q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallardan maraql\u0131 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edib \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dy\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rirdi. Onun \u201c\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201d jurnal\u0131ndan, \u201cTexni\u00e7eski sbornik\u201dd\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259lumdur. Goraninin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi t\u0259l\u0259bkarl\u0131qla yana\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, b\u0259zi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri yenid\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 qaytar\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, q\u0259zetin 28 aprel 1876-c\u0131 il tarixli 8-ci n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan bir m\u0259ktubun maraql\u0131 tarix\u00e7\u0259si vard\u0131r. Gorani h\u0259l\u0259 Peterburqda olark\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u201cHollandiya vilay\u0259tind\u0259 nec\u0259 pendir qay\u0131r\u0131rlar\u201c \u00fcnvanl\u0131 m\u0259ktub haz\u0131rlay\u0131b g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdi. M\u00fc\u0259llif \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259nin z\u0259if oldu\u011funu ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb H.Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tO \u0421\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438\u00bb m\u0259qal\u0259sini \u201c\u015forsuyu\u201d t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015f\u0259m. Bilmir\u0259m d\u00fczd\u00fcrm\u00fc!?.\t”
\n\u201d\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetinin b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u0259\u015fri boyu \u018f.Gorani onun f\u0259al m\u00fcxbiri olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

\u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl Q\u0259vaid\u2014 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d nin m\u0259ktubat \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 ged\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259halinin m\u0259d\u0259ni geriliyi, c\u0259hal\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00f6vhumat, k\u00f6hn\u0259 ruhani t\u0259hsili, mollaxanalar, patriarxal v\u0259 feodal ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid olunurdu. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rind\u0259n biri \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl Q\u0259vaid idi. O, m\u00fcasir elml\u0259ri t\u0259hsil etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131. Q\u0259vaid q\u0259zetin 18 n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 21 m\u0259qal\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirmi\u015fdir. \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 xalqlar dostlu\u011fu ideyas\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f t\u0259bli\u011f edirdi. O, m\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259mlik t\u0259ziy\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f yarmaq \u0259leyhin\u0259 k\u0259skin m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. [1]<\/p>\n

\u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Heyd\u0259ri \u2014 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Heyd\u0259ri q\u0259zetd\u0259 ged\u0259n \u0259n ciddi publisist yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u201cdini elml\u0259ri, yoxsa d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259ri t\u0259dris etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r\u201d m\u00f6vzusunda olan m\u0259qal\u0259sidir. H\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259 1875-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan 10-cu n\u00f6mr\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259 t\u0259riqil\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir. Heyd\u0259ri d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259rin t\u0259drisin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir v\u0259 bu bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259 geni\u015f m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. M\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r iki hiss\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r. Z\u0259rdabi v\u0259 onun ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131 Heyd\u0259rini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etmi\u015f, ruhanil\u0259r is\u0259 \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259zetin h\u0259min ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan 11-ci say\u0131nda \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid m\u00fc\u0259llifin fikri il\u0259 h\u0259mr\u0259yoldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015f, dini t\u0259hsill\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259rin t\u0259drisini vacib hesab etmi\u015fdi. Q\u0259zetin 12-ci say\u0131nda Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n \u015feyx\u00fclislam\u0131 Axund \u018fhm\u0259d H\u00fcseynzad\u0259 dini elml\u0259rin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rini s\u00fcbut etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. T\u0259kc\u0259 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Heyd\u0259rinin qald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin 15 m\u0259qal\u0259si \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdur. Z\u0259rdabi bu m\u00fczakir\u0259nin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: [1]<\/p>\n

”\tZikr olan m\u00fcbahis\u0259nin \u00fcmd\u0259 murad\u0131 bizim \u201celmli \u0259bdan\u201ddan (y\u0259ni d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259r) bix\u0259b\u0259r qalma\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini b\u0259yan edib onun \u0259lac\u0131n\u0131 xalqa a\u015fikar etm\u0259k idi.\t”
\n\u0130sa Sultan \u015eahtaxtl\u0131 \u2014 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ilk jurnalistl\u0259rind\u0259n olan, 1875-ci ild\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015fr olundu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u201cTiflisskiy vestnik\u201d q\u0259zetinin siyasi \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fcdiri i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n, m\u0259\u015fhur publisist \u0130sa-Sultan \u015eahtaxtinski Z\u0259rdabi il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130sa Sultan n\u0259inki onun q\u0259lbi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259ziz olan “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tind\u0259n sevinir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin “Tiflisskiy vestnik” q\u0259zetinin oxucular\u0131n\u0131 ilk Az\u0259rbaycan q\u0259zetind\u0259 d\u0259rc olunan m\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f edirdi. “Tiflisskiy vestnik”in t\u0259kc\u0259 1876-c\u0131 il 18 noyabr tarixli 260-c\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 onun “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7 x\u0259b\u0259ri d\u0259rc olunub.<\/p>\n

Respublika \u018flyazmalar\u0131 Fondunda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin arxivind\u0259 \u015eahtaxtinskinin bir m\u0259ktubu saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. 1876-c\u0131 il may\u0131n 9-da Tiflisd\u0259n Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi h\u0259min m\u0259ktubdan ayd\u0131n olur ki, \u015eahtaxtinski \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d d\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259t \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs etmi\u015fdir. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259ktubda deyilir: [1]<\/p>\n

”\t… \u0259g\u0259r sizin rus dilind\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 meyliniz v\u0259 vaxt\u0131n\u0131z olarsa, onda m\u0259n m\u0259mnuniyy\u0259tl\u0259 sizin redakt\u0259 etdiyiniz q\u0259zetd\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259r\u0259m. Onda q\u0259zetd\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259t \u015f\u00f6b\u0259si a\u00e7maq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olard\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259n siz\u0259 iki h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259n bir siyasi icmal g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259rdim. Bel\u0259 ki, siz\u0259 \u00f6z h\u00fcsn\u00fc-r\u0259\u011fb\u0259timi s\u00f6zl\u0259 deyil, i\u015fl\u0259 s\u00fcbut etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m.\t”
\nAdlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 q\u0259zetd\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 \u018flizad\u0259 \u015eirvani, \u018flim\u0259d\u0259d Abdullahzad\u0259 (M\u0259hbus D\u0259rb\u0259ndi), M\u0259mnun \u018flq\u0259dari, \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r El\u00e7izad\u0259, Xa\u00e7atur Qorxmazov v\u0259 b. \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i” nin ba\u011flanmas\u0131
\nQ\u0259zetin 1877-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan 20-ci n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 birinci s\u0259hif\u0259d\u0259 bel\u0259 bir elan vard\u0131: [1] [2]<\/p>\n

”\tBiz x\u0259st\u0259 oldu\u011fumuza g\u00f6r\u0259 bu ilin ax\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6z vaxt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131xmayacaq v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ha\u00e7an \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 m\u0259lum deyil.\t”
\nBu n\u00f6mr\u0259d\u0259n sonraq q\u0259zetin he\u00e7 bir n\u00fcsx\u0259si yoxdur. M\u0259hz bu elan\u0131n \u00e7ap olundu\u011fu sonuncu 56-c\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259si il\u0259 d\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 \u0259haliy\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n yeni Bak\u0131 qubernatoru Ruzinin d\u0259 rolu vard\u0131. Q\u0259zetin 1875-ci ild\u0259 12, 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 24, 1877-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 20 say\u0131 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc ki, bu da c\u0259mi 56 say edir.<\/p>\n

Z\u0259rdabi “H\u0259yat” q\u0259zetinin 28 dekabr 1905-ci il tarixli say\u0131nda “Rusiyada \u0259vv\u0259linci t\u00fcrk q\u0259zeti” m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259zetin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini \u0259trafl\u0131 \u015f\u0259rh etmi\u015fdi. M\u00fc\u0259llif m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”ni n\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdiyini, qar\u015f\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131xan \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri, \u00e7ap senzuras\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259qibl\u0259ri a\u00e7\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Z\u0259rdabi h\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 qeyd edir:<\/p>\n

”\tH\u0259r k\u0259si \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ram g\u0259lmir, g\u00f6st\u0259rir\u0259m g\u00f6rm\u00fcr, deyir\u0259m, qanm\u0131r. Ax\u0131rda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki, onlar\u0131 haraylay\u0131b \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaqdan, onlara dem\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir qeyri-\u0259lac yoxdur. Olmaz ki, m\u0259nim s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc e\u015fid\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n he\u00e7 bir qanan olmas\u0131n. Nec\u0259 ki, bir bula\u011f\u0131n suyunun alt\u0131na n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u0259rk da\u015f qoysan, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ild\u0259n sonra su t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259kd\u0259n o b\u0259rk da\u015f m\u00fcrur il\u0259 \u0259riyib de\u015filir, habel\u0259 s\u00f6z d\u0259, \u0259l\u0259lx\u00fcsus da do\u011fru s\u00f6z. Bel\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarmaqdan savay\u0131 bir qeyri-\u0259lac yoxdur”.\t”
\n[1] [2]<\/p>\n

H\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259n ayd\u0131n olur ki, o zaman Qafqazda \u0259r\u0259b \u0259lifbas\u0131 il\u0259 h\u00fcrufat yox d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sind\u0259 idi. Vaxtil\u0259 “Tfilisskiye vedomosti” v\u0259 “Zakavkazskiy vestnik” q\u0259zetl\u0259rinin, habel\u0259 Arzanov qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Tiflisd\u0259ki m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n qalm\u0131\u015f \u0259r\u0259b h\u00fcrufat\u0131na bel ba\u011flamaq olmazd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet burax\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fin\u0259 milli m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259nin t\u0259\u015fkilind\u0259n, h\u00fcrufat t\u0259dar\u00fck\u00fcnd\u0259n ba\u015flamaq laz\u0131m idi ki, Z\u0259rdabi m\u0259hz bel\u0259 etdi. O, \u00f6z\u00fc \u0130stanbula gedib h\u00fcrufat\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131b g\u0259tirir. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0130stanbulun “Babi-ali cadd\u0259si”nd\u0259 m\u0259tbuat v\u0259 kitab ticar\u0259ti sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7oxlu az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. Xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi onlar\u0131n “\u018fkin\u00e7i” \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00fcrufat \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck k\u00f6m\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259rdikl\u0259rini ayr\u0131ca qeyd edir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259qal\u0259nin m\u00fch\u00fcm bir hiss\u0259sind\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin \u00e7ap senzuras\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259qib edilm\u0259si t\u0259svir edilir. O, q\u0259zetin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rinin \u0259rtafl\u0131 \u015f\u0259rhini verir. Z\u0259rdabi yaz\u0131r ki, bir g\u00fcn N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirovun Moskvadan g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktub m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259d\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131b s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdi. Senzor qol \u00e7\u0259kib q\u0259zetin \u00e7ap olunmas\u0131na da icaz\u0259 vermi\u015fdi. H\u0259min m\u0259ktubda d\u00fckanlar\u0131n qaba\u011f\u0131nda q\u0259sid\u0259 oxuyan v\u0259 camaat\u0131 elm\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259n d\u0259rvi\u015f t\u0259svir olunurdu. Q\u0259zet \u00e7ap olunub paylanandan sonra qubernatorun h\u00f6km\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 o n\u00f6mr\u0259ni y\u0131\u011fd\u0131lar v\u0259 Z\u0259rdabini qubernatorun idar\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Qubernatorun fikrinc\u0259, V\u0259zirovun m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 siyasi fikirl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunu b\u0259han\u0259 edib q\u0259zetin bir daha burax\u0131lmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verm\u0259dil\u0259r. [1]<\/p>\n

Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n senzura v\u0259 jandarm\u0131n t\u0259zyiqi, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Da\u011f\u0131standa i\u011fti\u015fa\u015f, rus-t\u00fcrk m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. \u00c7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti q\u0259zeti ba\u011flad\u0131qdan sonra h\u0259tta Z\u0259rdabinin Bak\u0131da ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 qorxulu hesab etdi. Bu haqda Z\u0259rdabi h\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 yaz\u0131r:<\/p>\n

”\tBir g\u00fcn gimnaziyan\u0131n direktoru m\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259lum el\u0259di ki, s\u0259rdar\u0131n h\u00f6km\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, g\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259n Yekaterinador \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin gimnaziyas\u0131na m\u00fc\u0259llim ged\u0259m. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259n \u0259riz\u0259 verib qulluqdan \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnki m\u0259n Bak\u0131dan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b xalq i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n k\u0259nar olma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm hesab edirdim.\t”
\n[1] [2]<\/p>\n

\u018fd\u0259biyyat siyah\u0131s\u0131
\n“\u018fkin\u00e7i”, 1876, \u2116 2
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 2
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u21163
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 5
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 6
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 7
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 8
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 10
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 11
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 15
\n\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, 1877, \u2116 18
\nH.Z\u0259rdabi. Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri, Bak\u0131, 1960, s\u0259h.59
\nH.Z\u0259rdabi.Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri. Bak\u0131, 1960, s\u0259h. 232-233
\nM.F.Axundov. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri, III cild, Bak\u0131, 1962, s\u0259h.387
\nM.F. Axundov. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri, III cild, Bak\u0131, 1962, s\u0259h.485
\nS.\u018f.\u015eirvani.\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri, II cild, Bak\u0131, 1969, s\u0259h.56-57
\nN.V\u0259zirov. M\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 felyotonlar, Bak\u0131, 1961, s\u0259h.15
\nN.V\u0259zirov. M\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 felyotonlar, Bak\u0131, 1961, s\u0259h.16
\nAz\u0259rbaycan SSR EA Respublika \u018flyazmalar fondu, arxiv 4, Q-6(36)
\nH\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m M\u0259likova. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259likov Z\u0259rdabinin t\u0259rc\u00fcmyi-hal\u0131, \u201cRevolyusiya v\u0259 kultura\u201d jurnal\u0131, 1939, \u2116 6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sahib(l\u0259r) H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi T\u0259sis\u00e7i(l\u0259r) H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi Ba\u015f redaktor H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar M.F.Axundzad\u0259 S.\u018f.\u015eirvani N.V\u0259zirov \u018f.Gorani \u0130sa Sultan \u015eahtaxtli M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 \u018flizad\u0259 \u015eirvani \u018flim\u0259d\u0259d Abdullahzad\u0259 (M\u0259hbus D\u0259rb\u0259ndi) M\u0259mnun \u018flq\u0259dari \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r El\u00e7izad\u0259 Xa\u00e7atur Qorxmazov Yaranma tarixi 22 iyul 1875 Dil Az\u0259rbaycan dili N\u0259\u015frini dayand\u0131r\u0131b 29 sentyabr 1877 Ba\u015f q\u0259rargah Bak\u0131 Tiraj 300-400 VikiAnbarda Commons-logo.svg \u0259laq\u0259li […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edeb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30400"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30402,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30400\/revisions\/30402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}