{"id":33954,"date":"2019-12-13T09:30:54","date_gmt":"2019-12-13T05:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=33954"},"modified":"2019-12-13T11:22:54","modified_gmt":"2019-12-13T07:22:54","slug":"t%c9%99hmin%c9%99-v%c9%99liyeva-iran-inqilabinin-%c9%99hm%c9%99d-b%c9%99y-agaoglu-yaradiciliginda-%c9%99ksi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=33954","title":{"rendered":"T\u0259hmin\u0259 V\u018fL\u0130YEVA.”\u201c\u0130RAN \u0130NQ\u0130LABI\u201dNIN \u018fHM\u018fD B\u018fY A\u011eAO\u011eLU YARADICILI\u011eINDA \u018fKS\u0130”"},"content":{"rendered":"

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AMEA Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi ad\u0131na \u018fd\u0259biyyat \u0130nstitutunun M\u0259tbuat tarixi v\u0259 publisistika \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin ki\u00e7ik elmi i\u015f\u00e7isi,
\nAz\u0259rbaycan Jurnalistl\u0259r Birliyi Sumqay\u0131t \u015f\u0259h\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcnd\u0259lik Analitik \u0130nformasiya Agentliyinin (gundelik.info) v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u018fd\u0259biyyat Portal\u0131n\u0131n (edebiyyat-az.com) “Publisistika” \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin redaktoru.<\/strong><\/p>\n

valiyevatahmina@gmail.com<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130RAN \u0130NQ\u0130LABI\u201dNIN \u018fHM\u018fD B\u018fY A\u011eAO\u011eLU YARADICILI\u011eINDA \u018fKS\u0130 (\u201c\u0130ran inqilab\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n)
\nA\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131, \u015e\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131, despotiya, fikri t\u0259sirl\u0259r, h\u0259r\u0259katlar, \u0130ran inqilab\u0131
\nKey words: the world of \u0130slam, the people of Eastern, despotisizm, mental influences, movements, \u0130ranian revolution
\n\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/p>\n

XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131, XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130randa ba\u015f ver\u0259n ictimai-siyasi prosesl\u0259r s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, onun \u0259d\u0259bi-m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131na \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. \u0130stibdad\u0131n \u0130ran xalq\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin h\u0259r sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 yer almas\u0131, yeni, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi fikirli ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259qib edilm\u0259si, Avropa yenilikl\u0259rinin m\u0259qs\u0259dli sur\u0259td\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k g\u0259tirilm\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259nin h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rd\u0131. Ancaq fikri t\u0259sirl\u0259r xalq\u0131 oyan\u0131\u015fa, inqilaba \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00f6vr\u00fcn ay\u0131q-say\u0131q v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qfikirli ziyal\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flu \u0130randa ged\u0259n bu prosesl\u0259r\u0259 bigan\u0259 qala bilm\u0259zdi. El\u0259 bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130ran m\u00f6vzusu m\u0259xsusi yer tutmu\u015fdur. Bu m\u00f6vzuda \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi yaz\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flu yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda problematika bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7oxs\u0259pkili xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, \u0130ran tarixi, farsl\u0131q v\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u00fck, m\u00f6vhumat, istibdad, \u015fi\u0259lik, qad\u0131n kimi probleml\u0259ri o, \u0130ran m\u00f6vzusu \u00fczr\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. D\u00f6vri m\u0259tbuatda \u0130ran h\u0259yat\u0131ndan m\u00f6vzu almaq onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu probleml\u0259rl\u0259 yekunla\u015fa bilm\u0259zdi. Xalqlar\u0131n maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi \u0259sar\u0259ti m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si d\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259yin diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 idi. H\u0259l\u0259 Parisd\u0259 Sorbonna Universitetind\u0259 t\u0259hsil alark\u0259n \u0130ran tarixi, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259ti v\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131na dair m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flu \u0130ran inqilab\u0131na da etinas\u0131z qalmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r xalq\u0131 maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi istibdaddan xilas ed\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259r hadis\u0259y\u0259 x\u00fcsusi h\u0259ssasl\u0131qla yana\u015fan \u0259dib \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130ran inqilab\u0131 m\u00f6vzusu, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, ideal se\u00e7im idi. XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131, XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130randa m\u00f6vcud olan v\u0259ziyy\u0259t, M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li \u015fah, N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctd\u00fcy\u00fc istibdad hakimiyy\u0259ti bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin qoyulu\u015fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r material verirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki 1905-1911-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015f tutan \u0130ran inqilab\u0131 \u0130ran xalq\u0131n\u0131n istibdaddan azad olmas\u0131na v\u0259 m\u0259\u015frutiyy\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tinin qurulmas\u0131na z\u0259min yaratmaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r \u0130ran\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259qid\u0259sinin \u201c\u0259skimi\u015f fikirl\u0259r\u201dd\u0259n qurtulmas\u0131nda, \u015e\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131na azad ruh, demokratik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda da inqilab yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dan\u0131lmaz faktordur. Bu bax\u0131mdan, \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flu da \u0130ran inqilab\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lman xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n oyan\u0131\u015f\u0131ndak\u0131 rolunu y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdi.
\n\u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flunun \u201c\u0130ran inqilab\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u201c\u0130ran v\u0259 inqilab\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Ankara \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259, Ba\u015f nazirlik m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259sind\u0259 \u201c1500 il\u0259 1900 aras\u0131nda \u0130ran\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7ap edilmi\u015fdir. \u0130kinci d\u0259f\u0259 is\u0259 1941-ci ild\u0259 \u0130stanbulda n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015f \u0259s\u0259r \u201cA\u011fao\u011flu k\u00fclliyyat\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildin\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Kitab\u0131 n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flunun o\u011flu S\u0259m\u0259d A\u011fao\u011flu haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u201c\u0130ran inqilab\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flu \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131 M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah zaman\u0131nda ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0130ran inqilab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f tutma s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0130randa m\u00f6vcud olan ictimai-siyasi, sosial v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti d\u0259 \u015f\u0259rh edir. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 \u0259dib M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah v\u0259 onun f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin inqilab\u0131n meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131ndak\u0131 rolundan b\u0259hs edir. Daha sonra inqilab\u0131n realla\u015fma s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini v\u0259 onun ba\u015f verm\u0259 prosesini b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcat\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 \u0130ran inqilab\u0131n\u0131n tam m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini yarada bilir. \u0130nqilab s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini is\u0259 o, maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi olmaqla iki b\u00f6y\u00fck qrupa ay\u0131r\u0131r. Maddi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 \u201cidari uy\u011funsuzluq\u201d, \u201csui-istifad\u0259\u201d, \u201cc\u0259br v\u0259 z\u00fclm\u201d, \u201cyoxsulluq v\u0259 ehtiyac\u201d, \u201c\u0259cn\u0259bi h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131, m\u0259n\u0259vi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 is\u0259 \u201ciranl\u0131lar\u0131n xaricl\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin artmas\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n bir d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 avropal\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131\u201d, \u201cfikri t\u0259sirl\u0259r\u201d, \u201cRusiyada v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u0130ran yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Qafqaz v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda ba\u015f ver\u0259n oyanma h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 daxil edir. \u018fs\u0259rin \u201c\u0130nqilabdan \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0130ran\u0131n maliyy\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259dib \u0130randa m\u00f6vcud olan iqtisadi-maliyy\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr yaratma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n inqilabdan \u0259vv\u0259lki idari v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ingilis dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ser Moryerin \u201cHac\u0131 Baba \u0130sfahani\u201d v\u0259 Lord Kerzonun \u201c\u0130ran v\u0259 \u0130ran m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6z oxucusuna m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcr. H\u0259tta \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin \u0130randak\u0131 s\u0259firi olmu\u015f Moryerin \u0259s\u0259rini \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Qaya b\u0259yin t\u00fcrk dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful oldu\u011funda informasiya verir. \u018fdib \u201cHac\u0131 Baba \u0130sfahani\u201d \u0259s\u0259rinin m\u0259zmununu y\u0131\u011fcam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u015f\u0259rh edir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin \u201c\u0130ran inqilab\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flu Londonda n\u0259\u015fr olunan \u201cTimes\u201d q\u0259zetinin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 L.Kerzon \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tini oxucusuna tan\u0131tmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun avtobioqrafiyas\u0131na n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259n m\u0259lumat verir. \u201c\u0130ran inqilab\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259rini \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259dib ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n iki \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259ndiyini qeyd edir.
\n\u0130nqilabdan \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0130randa idari v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259kinin eynisi oldu\u011funu bildir\u0259n \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flunun o d\u00f6vrd\u0259ki idar\u0259 sistemin\u0259 dair verdiyi \u201cf\u0259q\u0259t \u0259skid\u0259n vilay\u0259tl\u0259rin, q\u0259zalar\u0131n v\u0259 nahiy\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015flar\u0131na q\u0259bil\u0259 r\u0259isl\u0259ri ke\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n sonralar bu \u00fcsul d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmi\u015f, daha m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f bir \u015f\u0259kil alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259yinatlar bazarl\u0131q \u00fcsuluna tabe tutulmu\u015fdur\u201d t\u0259kc\u0259 bu qeydi bel\u0259 biz\u0259 \u00e7ox \u015fey deyir. H\u0259rc-m\u0259rcliyin ba\u015f ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u0259muriyy\u0259tl\u0259rin sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, idar\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u201cbazarl\u0131q\u201d \u00fcsulu il\u0259 se\u00e7ildiyi, xalq\u0131n is\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r vergil\u0259rl\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259ndiyi bir \u00fcsuli-idar\u0259d\u0259 hans\u0131 demokratiya, inki\u015faf v\u0259 firavan ya\u015fay\u0131\u015fdan s\u00f6hb\u0259t ged\u0259 bil\u0259r?! Valil\u0259rd\u0259n al\u0131nan pullar, pe\u015fk\u0259\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 (r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259tl\u0259), pad\u015fah\u0131n iltifat\u0131n\u0131 qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn veril\u0259n \u201cx\u0259l\u0259tl\u0259r\u201dl\u0259, \u015fah\u0131n ziyar\u0259ti \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259n h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 L.Kerzonun s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 des\u0259k, \u201c\u015faha m\u0259daxil t\u0259min edilirdi\u201d.
\n\u018fs\u0259rin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259\u0259l\u0259r hesab\u0131na dolanan iki n\u00f6v t\u00fcfeyli d\u0259st\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259t a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, birinci n\u00f6v t\u00fcfeylil\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259qam sahibinin \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131 zaman\u0131 izdiham yaratmaq kimi pe\u015f\u0259 sahibi idil\u0259r. Onlar bu i\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 sahibl\u0259rind\u0259n muzd alm\u0131rd\u0131lar v\u0259 bunu \u00f6z sahibl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259daq\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k xatirin\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flu bu izdihamlar bar\u0259d\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201c\u0130randa bu kimi izdihamlar n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ziyad\u0259 olurdusa, m\u0259qam sahibi d\u0259 o nisb\u0259td\u0259 \u0259z\u0259m\u0259tli say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131\u201d (1, 130). \u018fdib ikinci n\u00f6v t\u00fcfeyli d\u0259st\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcn\u015fil\u0259r, mirz\u0259l\u0259r, m\u00fcst\u00f6vfil\u0259r daxil edir. M\u0259qam sahibind\u0259n qopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0259x\u015fi\u015fl\u0259r hesab\u0131na dolanan bu qisim insanlar is\u0259 bir n\u00f6v v\u0259zif\u0259 sahibinin \u201ckatibl\u0259ri\u201d say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flu onlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini t\u0259svir etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cBunlar h\u0259r yerd\u0259 m\u0259qam sahibinin ard\u0131nca g\u0259lirdil\u0259r, q\u0259l\u0259m-davatlar\u0131 v\u0259 ka\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 cibl\u0259rind\u0259 olur, ist\u0259nil\u0259n yerd\u0259 divan qurulur v\u0259 bunlar i\u015f\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d (1, 130). O, \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 L.Kerzondan sitat g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k c\u0259rim\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259 toxunur. Bir yav\u0259rd\u0259n duydu\u011fu yanl\u0131\u015f x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcy\u00fcn f\u0259rdl\u0259rini he\u00e7 bir ara\u015fd\u0131rma etm\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259n \u015fah yav\u0259r\u0259 k\u00fclli miqdarda c\u0259rim\u0259 k\u0259sm\u0259kl\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nir. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin ail\u0259sin\u0259 veril\u0259n \u201cb\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u201d pulu yav\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259yin edilmi\u015f k\u00fclli miqdarda pul m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fi olan c\u0259rim\u0259 hesab\u0131na \u00f6d\u0259nir, qalan pul is\u0259 \u201c\u015fah m\u0259daxili\u201dn\u0259 gedirdi.
\n\u018fs\u0259rin \u201c\u018fdliyy\u0259 sistemi\u201d b\u0259hsind\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t qanunlar\u0131 il\u0259, mollalar v\u0259 m\u00fcct\u0259hidl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan \u015f\u0259ri m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunan v\u0259 yerli valil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan m\u00fclki m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hs a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 bir-biril\u0259 eynilik t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n bu m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 h\u00fcquq v\u0259 \u0259xlaq poz\u011funlu\u011fu h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u018fdib bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq \u0130randa yaranan durumu \u201ch\u0259r hans\u0131 bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin z\u00fchurunda t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r \u00f6z aralar\u0131ndan bir a\u011fsaqqallar hey\u0259ti se\u00e7irl\u0259r v\u0259 bu hey\u0259tin verdiyi q\u0259rara avtomatik sur\u0259td\u0259 ita\u0259t edirl\u0259rdi\u201d s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. \u018fs\u0259rin \u201cOrdu\u201d adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130ran ordusunun qurulma tarixin\u0259 ekskurs ed\u0259n \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flu inqilabdan \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0130ran\u0131n z\u0259if h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 z\u0259if h\u0259rbi texnikaya malik ordusunun oldu\u011funu bildirir. \u201cTicar\u0259t v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti\u201d adl\u0131 hiss\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 Avropaya s\u0259yah\u0259t etmi\u015f N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan ticari v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r sal\u0131n\u0131r. G\u00f6zd\u0259n p\u0259rd\u0259 asmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n g\u0259tirdiyi \u201cyenilikl\u0259r\u201d burada \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131r. \u015eah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u0259rb\u0259st m\u00fczakir\u0259 haqq\u0131 veril\u0259n \u201cD\u00f6vl\u0259t \u015euras\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u0259b\u0259diyy\u0259n \u201cxamu\u015fan\u201d (\u201cs\u0259ssizl\u0259r\u201d) m\u0259clisi l\u0259q\u0259bini qazanmas\u0131, birba\u015fa pad\u015faha \u0259rz edil\u0259c\u0259k \u015fikay\u0259tnam\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qoyulan \u201c\u015fikay\u0259t qutular\u0131\u201dna atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fikay\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Tehran valisind\u0259n q\u0131rx d\u0259y\u0259n\u0259k yey\u0259n ilk \u015fikay\u0259t\u00e7i n\u00fcmun\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cqutular\u201d\u0131n bo\u015f qalmas\u0131, \u201cM\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259t\u00fcl-\u015eah\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan Avropa tipli m\u0259kt\u0259b t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 Avropaya getm\u0259yi qada\u011fan etm\u0259si bu \u201cyenilikl\u0259r\u201din g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc xarakterli olmas\u0131n\u0131n birba\u015fa t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm\u00fc idi. \u201c\u0130nqilab\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi amill\u0259ri\u201d b\u0259hsind\u0259 is\u0259 \u0259dib Seyid \u018fli M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din babilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131, Seyid C\u0259mal\u0259ddin \u018ffqaninin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, Q\u0259rb il\u0259 ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin artmas\u0131, Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 imkanl\u0131 ail\u0259l\u0259rin u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hsil \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn getm\u0259si, Avropa missionerl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, \u0130stanbulda \u201c\u018fxt\u0259r\u201d, Tiflisd\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, Bak\u0131da \u201cH\u0259yat\u201d, \u201c\u0130r\u015fad\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259rinin v\u0259 \u201cF\u00fcyuzat\u201d jurnal\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259\u015fr edilm\u0259si \u0130ran inqilab\u0131na t\u0259kan ver\u0259n m\u0259n\u0259vi amill\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131na daxil edir. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Rusiya v\u0259 Hindistanda ged\u0259n oyanma h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131 \u0130ran xalq\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 t\u0259sirsiz \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u0259di. Rusiyada ged\u0259n inqilabi h\u0259r\u0259katlarda \u201ch\u0259r xalq \u00f6z m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259yin edir\u201d \u015f\u00fcar\u0131 istibdad v\u0259 N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah z\u00fclm\u00fcnd\u0259n cana g\u0259lmi\u015f xalq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir fikri oyan\u0131\u015fa s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. \u018fs\u0259rin \u201c\u0130nqilab\u0131n tarix\u00e7\u0259si\u201d hiss\u0259sind\u0259 ingilis t\u0259b\u0259\u0259si Talbotun \u201ct\u0259nb\u0259ki inhisar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u0130ran bank\u0131na k\u00fclli miqdarda z\u0259r\u0259r vurmas\u0131 hadis\u0259si xalq\u0131n aya\u011fa qalxmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xartd\u0131. N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah Talbota verdiyi imtiyaznam\u0259ni l\u0259\u011fv etm\u0259li oldu. Bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n n\u00fcfuzunu xeyli z\u0259ifl\u0259tdi. N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n q\u0259fil \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc is\u0259 inqilab\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. \u015eah\u0131n v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra hakimiyy\u0259t ba\u015f\u0131na M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah ke\u00e7di. Rus t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar N\u0259sr\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n s\u0259dr\u0259z\u0259mi Atab\u0259y \u018fz\u0259min, ingilis t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 is\u0259 \u018fmin\u00fcssultanun simas\u0131nda M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n yan\u0131nda t\u0259msil olunurdular. \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flu \u015fah\u0131n irad\u0259 z\u0259ifliyi g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k gah o t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259, gah bu t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 meyil etdiyini bildirirdi. M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah bu iki q\u00fcvv\u0259 aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im etm\u0259kd\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil q\u0259rar verm\u0259kd\u0259 acizlik g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u0130ran bir n\u00f6v Rusiya il\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 aras\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin xalq\u0131n inaml\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah xalq\u0131n se\u00e7diyi M\u00fc\u015firidd\u00f6vl\u0259ni s\u0259dr-\u0259z\u0259m v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirir. \u015eah v\u0259li\u0259hdi M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li il\u0259 birg\u0259 m\u0259\u015frut\u0259ni (konstitusiya) imzalay\u0131r. \u201cM\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li \u015fah\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 inqilab\u0131n gedi\u015fat\u0131 ard\u0131c\u0131l izl\u0259nilir. M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin \u015fah\u0131n v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra \u015fahl\u0131q taxt\u0131na oturan M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li \u015fah \u0259cn\u0259bil\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259lbir olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq inqilabi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duru\u015f g\u0259tir\u0259 bilmir v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 t\u0259rk edir. \u0130sfahan m\u00fccahidl\u0259rinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 S\u0259rdar \u018fs\u0259d b\u0259y on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131 \u018fhm\u0259din \u015fah elan edilm\u0259si x\u0259b\u0259rini verir. \u018fs\u0259rin sonuncu b\u00f6lm\u0259si olan \u201c\u018fhm\u0259d \u015fah\u201dda is\u0259 \u00fcmidl\u0259ri do\u011frultmayan, Avropa \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qur\u015fanan \u018fhm\u0259d \u015fah \u0259dib t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259nqid olunur v\u0259 Rza P\u0259hl\u0259vinin m\u0259\u015frutiyy\u0259t \u00fcsulu il\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259sini is\u0259 alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131r.
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, \u018f.A\u011fao\u011flunun bu \u0259s\u0259ri h\u0259m d\u0259 tarixi s\u0259ciyy\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan da olduqca b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flunun \u201c\u0130ran inqilab\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri g\u00f6rk\u0259mli m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131, XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259ki \u0130rana, orada ged\u0259n prosesl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130ran inqilab\u0131na m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r faydal\u0131 material verir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0259dibin \u0259s\u0259ri \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259sini \u00e7ar hakimiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olan xalq\u0131n\u0131 inqilaba haz\u0131rlamaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 d\u0259 ba\u011flamaq olar. Ax\u0131 onun da xalq\u0131 XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 istibdad z\u00fclm\u00fc il\u0259 \u0259zilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0130ran xalq\u0131ndan he\u00e7 d\u0259 geri qalm\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ran inqilab\u0131 konstitusiyal\u0131 monarxiyan\u0131 \u0130rana g\u0259tir\u0259 bilmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 is\u0259 zamanla m\u00fcst\u0259qil, demokratik respublika yarada bildi. \u00c7ar z\u00fclm\u00fcnd\u0259n qurtaran xalq Sovet istibdad\u0131ndan da qurtulma\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil olma\u011f\u0131 bacard\u0131.
\n\u018fd\u0259biyyat:
\n1. A\u011fao\u011flu \u018f. Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri. (T\u0259rtib ed\u0259nl\u0259r: \u018fziz Mir\u0259hm\u0259dov, Vilay\u0259t Quliyev). Bak\u0131, \u015e\u0259rq-Q\u0259rb, 2007, 392 s.
\n2. Mir\u0259hm\u0259dov \u018f. \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flu. Bak\u0131, \u018frg\u00fcn\u0259\u015f, 2014, 264 s.
\n3. H\u00fcseynov \u015e. \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flunun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri. Bak\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t N\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 1998, 128 s.<\/p>\n

Tahmina Valiyeva
\nTHE REFLECT\u0130ON OF \u201c\u0130RAN\u0130AN REVOLUT\u0130ON\u201d \u0130N AHMAD AGHAOGHLU\ua78cS WORKS
\nSUMMARY: Ahmed Bey Aghaoghlu’s work- “The \u0130ranian Revolution” was dedicated to the \u0130ranian Revolution, which took place in 1905-1911. \u0130n this work, he commented on the publical-political and social situation of \u0130ran in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As well the writer had showed that the causes of the \u0130ranian revolution. He divides these causes in two groups \u2013 into material and spiritual factors. A.Aghaoghlu has gave the example of Atabey Azam and Aminissultan on the role of English and Russian forces in the \u0130ranian government.
\nThe activity of \u0130ran kings \u2013 Nasreddin Shah, Muzaffereddin Shah, Mammadali Shah and Ahmed Shah has been described with all of their sides in this work. \u0130n the period of their activity, different issues were raised about conditions of in the \u0130ran by the writer. Ahmad Aghaoghlu also points out to the progress of the \u0130ranian revolution there. At the same time, he has described all of happens in details. He applauded Reza Shah Pehlevi restoration of constitutional monarchy. \u201c\u0130ranian revolution\u201d gives valuable material to study the social and political life of \u0130ran in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as focus on the unprecedented role of the revolution in the minds of the people.<\/p>\n

\u0422\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430
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R\u0259y\u00e7i: V\u00fcqar \u018fhm\u0259d
\n filologiya elml\u0259ri doktoru, professor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AMEA Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi ad\u0131na \u018fd\u0259biyyat \u0130nstitutunun M\u0259tbuat tarixi v\u0259 publisistika \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin ki\u00e7ik elmi i\u015f\u00e7isi, Az\u0259rbaycan Jurnalistl\u0259r Birliyi Sumqay\u0131t \u015f\u0259h\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcnd\u0259lik Analitik \u0130nformasiya Agentliyinin (gundelik.info) v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u018fd\u0259biyyat Portal\u0131n\u0131n (edebiyyat-az.com) “Publisistika” \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin redaktoru. valiyevatahmina@gmail.com \u201c\u0130RAN \u0130NQ\u0130LABI\u201dNIN \u018fHM\u018fD B\u018fY A\u011eAO\u011eLU YARADICILI\u011eINDA \u018fKS\u0130 (\u201c\u0130ran inqilab\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n) A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131, \u015e\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131, despotiya, fikri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33954"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33958,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33954\/revisions\/33958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}