{"id":38032,"date":"2021-04-07T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-06T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=38032"},"modified":"2021-04-07T10:20:54","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T06:20:54","slug":"bosniya-v%c9%99-herseqovina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=38032","title":{"rendered":"Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina<\/strong> (bosn.<\/a> <\/em>v\u0259 xorv.<\/a> Bosna i Hercegovina, BiH<\/em>, serb.<\/a> \u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0411\u0438\u0425<\/em>) \u2014 Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131na<\/a> yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n konfederativ d\u00f6vl\u0259t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6lk\u0259 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc meydana g\u0259tir\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7 etnik qrupa ev sahibliyi etm\u0259kd\u0259dir: Bo\u015fnaklar<\/a>, Serbl\u0259r<\/a> v\u0259 Xorvatlar<\/a>. \u0130ngilisc\u0259d\u0259<\/a> v\u0259 daha bir \u00e7ox dild\u0259 etnik \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmadan b\u00fct\u00fcn Bosniya-Hersoqovina xalq\u0131na<\/a> Bosniyal\u0131<\/a> deyilir. Ancaq t\u00fcrkc\u0259d\u0259<\/a> tarixd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n yax\u0131nl\u0131qdan \u00f6t\u0259ri Bosniyal\u0131 deyildiyi anda Bo\u015fnaklar y\u0259ni Bosniyal\u0131 M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar<\/a> termini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutular. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 Bosniyal\u0131 v\u0259 ya Hersoqovinal\u0131 olmaq da ayr\u0131 etnik \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti vur\u011fulamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259r. Bosniyal\u0131yam dem\u0259k m\u00fcs\u0259lmanam<\/a> dem\u0259kdir. Hersoqovinal\u0131<\/a> dem\u0259k xorvatam dem\u0259kdir. \u00d6lk\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik bax\u0131m\u0131ndan iki eyni d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliy\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259dir. Bunlar, Bosniya-Hersoqovina Federasiyas\u0131 v\u0259 Serb Respublikas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6lk\u0259ni, \u015fimal, q\u0259rb v\u0259 c\u0259nubdan Xorvatiya<\/a>, \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n Serbiya<\/a>, yen\u0259 c\u0259nubdan Monteneqro<\/a> \u00e7evirm\u0259kd\u0259, Adriatik d\u0259nizin\u0259<\/a> is\u0259 N\u0259m \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi yerd\u0259 yaln\u0131z 20 km-lik (liman\u0131 olmayan) bir sahili vard\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin co\u011frafiyas\u0131 m\u0259rk\u0259z v\u0259 c\u0259nubda da\u011fl\u0131q, \u015fimal-q\u0259rbd\u0259 t\u0259p\u0259lik, \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 d\u00fczl\u00fck bir xarakter s\u0259rgil\u0259yir. D\u00f6vl\u0259tin paytaxt\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Sarayevo, bir \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fla \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Bu co\u011frafi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r q\u0131\u015f turizmin\u0259 \u0259lveri\u015flidir v\u0259 1984<\/a> Q\u0131\u015f Olimpia Oyunlar\u0131na<\/a> ev sahibliyi etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6lk\u0259nin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini \u00f6rt\u0259n Bosniya b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 \u0131l\u0131man yer iqlim g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259r, bu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 yaylar\u0131 isti, q\u0131\u015flar\u0131 qar, ya\u011fmurlu v\u0259 soyuqdur. \u00d6lk\u0259nin c\u0259nub sahill\u0259rind\u0259ki daha ki\u00e7ik Hersoqovina b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 tipik Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi iqlimi . Bosniya-Hersoqovina t\u0259bii s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259r bax\u0131m\u0131ndan da z\u0259ngin bir \u00f6lk\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ad\u0131n etimologiyas\u0131[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bosna \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> v\u0259 macar dilind\u0259<\/a> “herseq” (“Voyevoda” dem\u0259kdir) s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarix[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina tarixi<\/a><\/th><\/tr>
<\/a>
Bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259 seriyas\u0131ndand\u0131r<\/strong><\/a><\/small><\/td><\/tr>
Slavyanlardan \u00f6nc\u0259ki d\u00f6vr<\/th><\/tr>
\u0130llirik<\/a> \u2022 Dalmatsiya<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Orta \u0259srl\u0259r<\/th><\/tr>
Bosniya banat\u0131<\/a> \u2022 Bosniya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131<\/th><\/tr>
Bosniya \u0259yal\u0259ti<\/a> \u2022 Bosniya vilay\u0259ti<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan<\/th><\/tr>
Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina kondominiumu<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Yuqoslaviya<\/th><\/tr>
Vrbas banovinas\u0131<\/a> \u2022 Drina banovinas\u0131<\/a> \u2022 Zeta banovinas\u0131<\/a> \u2022 Xorvatiya banovinas\u0131<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
M\u00fcst\u0259qil Xorvatiya D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina Sosialist Respublikas\u0131<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
M\u00fcst\u0259qillik d\u00f6vr\u00fc<\/th><\/tr>
Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina Respublikas\u0131<\/a>, Xorvatiya Herseq-Bosna Respublikas\u0131<\/a>, Serb Respublikas\u0131<\/a>, Q\u0259rbi Bosniya Respublikas\u0131<\/a><\/small><\/td><\/tr>
Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
  b<\/a>m<\/a>r<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi sahilind\u0259ki dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r kimi Bosniyada tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259ki yerini Roma \u0130mperatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Roma \u0130mperatorlu\u011funun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra Bosniyan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi 1200-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif rollara \u0259l d\u0259yi\u015fdirmi\u015fdir. M\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini 260 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t qoruyan Bosniya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t boyunca macarlar v\u0259 serbl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1463-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 idar\u0259si alt\u0131na ke\u00e7\u0259n Bo\u015fnaklar eyni zamanda M\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da m\u0259nims\u0259mi\u015fdir. M\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul ed\u0259n bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n dini \u00f6hd\u0259\u00e7ilikl\u0259rini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 ver\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 idar\u0259si Bosniya torpaqlar\u0131nda tikdiyi strukturlar v\u0259 m\u0259scidl\u0259rl\u0259 eyni zamanda Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sir etmi\u015fdir. 1878-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259c\u0259k olan Osmanl\u0131 idar\u0259si alt\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 xeyli \u00e7ox Bo\u015fnak Osmanl\u0131 idar\u0259sind\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259t r\u0259hb\u0259rliyind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirilmi\u015fdir. Z\u0259ifl\u0259y\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alama\u011fa q\u0259rar ver\u0259n m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rin mali \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259ki \u0130stanbula n\u0259\u015fr t\u0259zyiqi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Bosniyadak\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 idar\u0259si d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259d\u0259n, stol ba\u015f\u0131nda sona \u00e7ataraq Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan \u0130mperatorlu\u011funun idar\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1918-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259k olan avstriya-Macar\u0131stan \u0130mperatorlu\u011fu idar\u0259si alt\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 yenid\u0259n qurulu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131laraq \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259kd\u0259 olan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperatorlu\u011fu idar\u0259si alt\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn sonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rd\u0259n uzaqla\u015faraq rifaha qovu\u015facaq. Bu inki\u015faflar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck Serbiya qurulmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259d qoyan Rusiyan\u0131n mali d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259sizdir. Bosniyadak\u0131 M\u00fcs\u0259lman nuf\u00fcsun Osmanl\u0131 idar\u0259si alt\u0131ndak\u0131 dig\u0259r torpaqlara k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc v\u0259 onlar\u0131n t\u0259rk etdiyi yerl\u0259r\u0259 Serbl\u0259rin yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259siyl\u0259 Bosniyadak\u0131 etnik qurulu\u015fun d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1918\u20131941-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u00f6vr Yuqoslaviyan\u0131n i\u00e7 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir. 1941\u20131945-ci ill\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u0259snas\u0131nda Naz\u0131lar Yuqoslaviyan\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259r\u0259k Slovenyan\u0131 Almaniyaya, Xorvatiyan\u0131, \u0130taliyaya v\u0259 Makedoniyan\u0131 Bolqar\u0131stana ba\u011flayaraq x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Y\u0259hudi v\u0259 qara\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 bir etnik t\u0259mizlik h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 giri\u015f\u0259r\u0259k toplama d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1945\u20131990-c\u0131 ill\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 soyuq d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn 35 illi Titonun liderligi alt\u0131nda ke\u00e7di. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Bosniya \u2013 Hersoqovinan\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri 1918 \u0259vv\u0259li d\u00f6nd\u00fc v\u0259 Bo\u015fnaklar m\u0259d\u0259ni \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 yenid\u0259n qovu\u015fdular. Q\u0259rbin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 Yuqoslaviyada d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn izl\u0259ri tez silindi. Q\u0259rbli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r Yuqoslaviyan\u0131 yaln\u0131z iqtisadi deyil eyni zamanda \u0259sg\u0259ri v\u0259 siyasi sah\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259di. 1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Sovet m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si riski il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Amerika Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri Yuqoslaviyan\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u00fcv\u0259 g\u00fcc\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini a\u00e7\u0131qlad\u0131. Soyuq d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn sona \u00e7atmas\u0131 v\u0259 sona \u00e7atan kommunist rejiml\u0259 birlikd\u0259 par\u00e7alanan Sovetl\u0259r Birliyind\u0259n Yuqoslaviyada t\u0259sirl\u0259ndi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1986\u20131992-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan qanl\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rinin sonras\u0131nda Yuqoslaviya par\u00e7aland\u0131. H\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q milliyy\u0259t\u00e7i Slobodan Miloshevich v\u0259 onun d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyi xadiml\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck Serbiyas(n)\u0131 qurma x\u0259yallar\u0131 il\u0259 sistematik bir soyq\u0131r\u0131m realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 10.000in \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 Bo\u015fnak h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirdi. Serbl\u0259rin ba\u015fda Saraybosna olmaq \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259 alt\u0131nda tutdu\u011fu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri bombalamas\u0131na, sniper at\u0259\u015fi il\u0259 g\u00fcnahs\u0131z v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259sin\u0259, ba\u015fda ziyal\u0131lar olmaq \u00fczr\u0259 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f k\u0259sl\u0259rin toplama d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si il\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan etnik t\u0259mizlik h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 q\u0259rbli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t laz\u0131m olan reaksiyan\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k soyq\u0131r\u0131ma tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131 qald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1992-ci lin fevral\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini elan ed\u0259n Bosniya \u2013 Hersoqovina 7 aprel 1992-ci ild\u0259 d\u0259 AB\u015e v\u0259 dig\u0259r q\u0259rbli \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nd\u0131 v\u0259 22 may 1992-ci ild\u0259 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131na q\u0259bul edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosniyadak\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f 1992-ci ilin yaz\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. Bosniyan\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259f alan h\u00fccumlar\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259di bu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n Bo\u015fnak v\u0259 Xorvatlar\u0131 uzaqla\u015fd\u0131raraq Serb d\u00f6vl\u0259tini qurmaq idi. Serbl\u0259rin bu h\u00fccumlar\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki dig\u0259r etnik qruplar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tam bir f\u0259lak\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ilk aylar\u0131nda \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259ki xeyli \u00e7ox Bo\u015fnak \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri serbl\u0259rin h\u00fccumlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259s(n)i asanca d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Ancaq \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u00e7evir\u0259n t\u0259p\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259yiyl\u0259 Srebrenizka h\u00fccumlara qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1993-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 alt\u0131 m\u0259skunla\u015fma vahidini “etibarl\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259” elan etdi, Srebrenitsada bunlardan biri idi. M\u0259qs\u0259d s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri qoruna bil\u0259r hala g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k bar\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259r bir z\u0259min yaratmaq idi. K\u00f6m\u0259kl\u0259rin etibarl\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259 bu t\u0259tbiq i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131-t\u0259cav\u00fczkar g\u00fccl\u0259rl\u0259 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 tam bir t\u0259zad meydana g\u0259tir\u0259r hala g\u0259ldi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1995-cilin may ya\u0131nda serbl\u0259r Saraybosnadak\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259yi \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi v\u0259 NATO serbl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 hava h\u00fccumu t\u0259\u015fkil edildi. Buna missilleme olaraq Serbl\u0259r 6 etibarl\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259ni bombalayaraq 300 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r \u0259sg\u0259rini girov g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130yul 1995-ci ild\u0259 general Mladic \u0259mrind\u0259ki Serb g\u00fccl\u0259ri Srebrenizkadak\u0131 Hollandiyal\u0131 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00fccl\u0259rini t\u0259sirsiz hala g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri h\u0259d\u0259f ald\u0131. T\u0259xmin\u0259n 25,000 bo\u015fnak serb h\u0259d\u0259si \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri t\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259k bir ba\u015fqa etibarl\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259 olan Potocariy\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131. 5000 m\u00fchacirin d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259y\u0259 girm\u0259sinin ard\u0131ndan Hollandiyal\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259nin doldu\u011funu bildir\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259nin giri\u015fini ba\u011flad\u0131. Bu hadis\u0259, d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259nin yax\u0131nlar\u0131ndak\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 20,000 Bo\u015fna\u011f\u0131n Serbl\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u0259d\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z qalmas\u0131na yola\u00e7t\u0131. Serbl\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xarma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hollandiyal\u0131 birlikl\u0259r m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 tap\u0131lmad\u0131, h\u0259tta \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n d\u00fcz bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259\u015fkilatda k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i bel\u0259 oldu. Qad\u0131n v\u0259 u\u015faqlar ayr\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra \u0259sg\u0259rlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015f olan ki\u015fil\u0259r avtobuslara mindirildikd\u0259n sonra d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259nin yax\u0131n\u0131nda g\u00fcll\u0259y\u0259 d\u00fcz\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259n sonrak\u0131 bu \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck soyq\u0131r\u0131mda 10 \u2013 15 min Bo\u015fnak\u0131n q\u0259tl edildiyi iddia edilm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Q\u0131z\u0131lxa\u00e7 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tlil\u0259ri bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r \u0259snas\u0131nda 7.500 adam\u0131n itdiyini bildirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafiya[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130qlim[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bosna-Hersoqovinada yerli iqlim hakimdir. Hava istilikl\u0259ri, \u0259n isti aylar olan \u0130yul v\u0259 Avqustda 30 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xark\u0259n, \u0259n soyuq g\u00fcnl\u0259r is\u0259, Dekabr v\u0259 Yanvar aylar\u0131nda ya\u015fanmaqda v\u0259 istilik \u221220 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259dir. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 4 m\u00f6vs\u00fcm bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan\/sah\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ay \u0130yun (110\u2013115 mm), \u0259n quraq ay is\u0259 Dekabrd\u0131r (40\u201370 mm). \u00d6lk\u0259nin c\u0259nub-q\u0259rb seqmentind\u0259 v\u0259 Neretva Vadisind\u0259 Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi iqlimi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259r. Bu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 meyv\u0259-t\u0259r\u0259v\u0259z ba\u011f\u00e7alar\u0131, \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Heyvandarl\u0131q is\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 edilm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7aylar\u0131 Una, S\u0259n\u0259, Drina, Sova, Bosniya v\u0259 Mostar K\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131ndan axan Neretvad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca t\u0259bii qaynaqlar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr, d\u0259mir, boksit, manqan, me\u015f\u0259l\u0259r, mis, xrom, sink, g\u00fcll\u0259, duz, barit, asbest, kaolin v\u0259 gipsdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259ki \u0259lav\u0259s(n)il\u0259 bil\u0259r torpaqlar\u0131n nisb\u0259ti %14, otlaq v\u0259 meralar\u0131n nisb\u0259ti %20, me\u015f\u0259 v\u0259 a\u011facl\u0131q sah\u0259l\u0259rin nisb\u0259ti %39, dig\u0259r torpaqlar\u0131n nisb\u0259ti d\u0259 %27’dir. Sulana bil\u0259n \u0259razi 20 km2<\/sup> dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> \u018fsas m\u0259qal\u0259: Bosniya v\u0259 Hersoqovina \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin siyah\u0131s\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nzibati \u0259razil\u0259r[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u00e7\u0259hray\u0131 \u2014 Serb Respublikas\u0131, mavi \u2014 Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina Federasiyas\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131l \u2014 Br\u00e7ko dair\u0259si<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vl\u0259t ayr\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina Federasiyas\u0131,Serb Respublikas\u0131 v\u0259 Br\u00e7ko dair\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina Federasiyas\u0131<\/a>[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina Federasiyas\u0131 10 kantondan ibar\u0259tdir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Unsk-San<\/li>
  2. Posav<\/li>
  3. Tuzla<\/li>
  4. Zenitsa-Doboy<\/li>
  5. Bosna-Podrin<\/li>
  6. Orta Bosniya<\/li>
  7. Herseqovina-Neretvan<\/li>
  8. Q\u0259rbi Herseqovina<\/li>
  9. Sarayevo<\/li>
  10. Q\u0259rbi Bosniya<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/a> Serb Respublikas\u0131<\/a>[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Serb Respublikas\u0131 7 b\u00f6lg\u0259 v\u0259 63 b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Banya-Luka<\/li>
    2. Doboy<\/li>
    3. Bielina<\/li>
    4. Zvornik<\/li>
    5. Sarayevo-Romaniya<\/li>
    6. Fo\u00e7a<\/li>
    7. Trebinye<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Br\u00e7ko dair\u0259si<\/a>[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      H\u00f6kum\u0259t[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Ali qanunverici orqan \u2013 Milli palata; Xalq palatas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Siyas\u0259t[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Siyasi partiyalar<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. . Demokratik H\u0259r\u0259kat Partiyas\u0131, lideri S.Tixi\u00e7;<\/li>
      2. . Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina U\u011frunda Partiya, lideri S.X\u0259lilovi\u00e7;<\/li>
      3. . Demokratik Xalq \u0130ttifaq\u0131 (bosniyal\u0131lar), lideri F.Abd\u0131\u00e7;<\/li>
      4. . Demokratik Xorvat Birliyi, lideri B.Kolak;<\/li>
      5. . Serb Demokrat Partiyas\u0131, lideri D.Kavi\u00e7;<\/li>
      6. . Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina Sosial \u2013 Demokratik Partiyas\u0131, lideri Z.Laqumciya.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Br\u00e7ko Dair\u0259si[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Br\u00e7ko dair\u0259si eyni zamanda h\u0259m Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovina federasiyas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259m d\u0259 Serb Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Xarici \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r[redakt\u0259<\/a> | \u0259sas redakt\u0259<\/a>]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n