{"id":38034,"date":"2021-04-07T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=38034"},"modified":"2021-04-07T10:28:20","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T06:28:20","slug":"turkiy%c9%99-cumhuriyy%c9%99ti-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=38034","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00dcMHUR\u0130YY\u018fT\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259<\/strong> (t\u00fcrk.<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye<\/em>) v\u0259 ya r\u0259smi ad\u0131 il\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Respublikas\u0131<\/strong> (t\u00fcrk.<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti<\/em>) \u2014 torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si Q\u0259rbi Asiya<\/a> regionunun Ki\u00e7ik Asiya<\/a> yar\u0131madas\u0131nda, \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik bir hiss\u0259si is\u0259 Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131nda<\/a> yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n qit\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131<\/a> \u00f6lk\u0259.[7]<\/a><\/sup> \u015eimal-q\u0259rbd\u0259n Bolqar\u0131stan<\/a>, q\u0259rbd\u0259n Yunan\u0131stan<\/a>, \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan<\/a>, \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan<\/a>, \u0130ran<\/a>, Erm\u0259nistan<\/a>, c\u0259nubdan is\u0259 \u0130raq<\/a> v\u0259 Suriya<\/a> il\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259ddir. \u00d6lk\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n d\u0259nizl\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Q\u0259rbd\u0259n Egey d\u0259nizi<\/a>, \u015fimaldan Qara d\u0259niz<\/a>, c\u0259nubdan is\u0259 Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi<\/a> il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Bosfor bo\u011faz\u0131<\/a>, M\u0259rm\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259nizi<\/a> v\u0259 Dardanel bo\u011faz\u0131<\/a> \u00f6lk\u0259nin Avropa<\/a> v\u0259 Asiya<\/a> hiss\u0259l\u0259rini bir-birind\u0259n ay\u0131r\u0131r.[8]<\/a><\/sup> Paytaxt Ankara<\/a> \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olsa da, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 iqtisadi m\u0259rk\u0259zi, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u0130stanbuldur<\/a>.[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fhalinin t\u0259qrib\u0259n 70\u201380%-i \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etnik t\u00fcrk<\/a> hesab edir.[10]<\/a><\/sup>[11]<\/a><\/sup> \u018fhalinin 20%-\u0259 yax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n k\u00fcrdl\u0259r<\/a> \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck etnik azl\u0131q<\/a> say\u0131l\u0131r. Dig\u0259r etnik azl\u0131qlara ad\u0131qlar<\/a>, albanlar<\/a>, \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r<\/a>, bo\u015fnaklar<\/a> v\u0259 lazlar<\/a> daxildir.[11]<\/a><\/sup>[12]<\/a><\/sup>[13]<\/a><\/sup> R\u0259smi dil t\u00fcrk dilidir<\/a>.[14]<\/a><\/sup> T\u00fcrk dili<\/a> il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 kurmanc<\/a>, bosniya<\/a>, \u0259r\u0259b<\/a>, zaza<\/a>, kabardin-\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259z<\/a> v\u0259 dig\u0259r dill\u0259r d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcasir T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisi paleolit<\/a> d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif xalqlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259skunla\u015fma m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. Aysorlar<\/a>, yunanlar<\/a>, frigiyal\u0131lar<\/a>, uratular<\/a> bu \u0259razil\u0259rin ilk sakinl\u0259ri hesab olunur.[15]<\/a><\/sup> Makedoniyal\u0131 \u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259r<\/a> bu \u0259razil\u0259ri \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdikd\u0259n sonra yunanla\u015fma prosesi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu proses sonralar Roma \u0130mperiyas\u0131<\/a> v\u0259 Bizans \u0130mperiyas\u0131<\/a> d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 davam etmi\u015fdir. XI \u0259srd\u0259<\/a> S\u0259lcuq t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin<\/a> \u0259raziy\u0259 miqrasiyas\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1071-ci ild\u0259 s\u0259lcuqlular<\/a>\u0131n Malazgird d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259<\/a> Bizansa<\/a> qalib g\u0259lm\u0259si T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 qurulu\u015funun ba\u015flama tarixi kimi simvoliz\u0259 edilir.[16]<\/a><\/sup> Rum Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> 1243-c\u00fc ild\u0259 monqol<\/a> i\u015f\u011fallar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r Anadolunu<\/a> idar\u0259 etmi\u015f, h\u0259min tarixd\u0259n sonra is\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif Anadolu b\u0259ylikl\u0259rin\u0259<\/a> par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[17]<\/a><\/sup> XIII \u0259srin<\/a> sonlar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 s\u00fclal\u0259si<\/a> Anadoluda<\/a> yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n ki\u00e7ik b\u0259ylikl\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 salma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri C\u0259nub-\u015e\u0259rqi Avropa<\/a>, Q\u0259rbi Asiya<\/a> v\u0259 \u015eimali Afrikan\u0131n<\/a> \u00e7ox hiss\u0259sini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck imperiyaya \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir.[18]<\/a><\/sup> Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131<\/a> Sultan S\u00fcleyman Qanuninin<\/a> hakimiyy\u0259ti ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.[19]<\/a><\/sup> \u0130ki \u0259srd\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6z q\u00fcdr\u0259tini qorumas\u0131na baxmayaraq, XIX<\/a> v\u0259 XX \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259<\/a> Avropada<\/a> strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli \u0259razil\u0259rin itirilm\u0259si, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin h\u0259rbi q\u00fcdr\u0259tinin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. 1913-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00e7evrili\u015find\u0259n sonra \u00f6lk\u0259nin idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131 “\u00dc\u00e7 Pa\u015falar<\/a>“\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si<\/a> \u0259rzind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131<\/a> \u0130ttifaq d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259<\/a> qo\u015fulma\u011fa q\u0259rar verdi. M\u00fcharib\u0259nin ba\u015fa \u00e7atmas\u0131ndan sonra m\u0259\u011flub olan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131<\/a> s\u00fcquta u\u011frad\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flayan v\u0259 Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn<\/a> r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 davam ed\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0130stiqlaliyy\u0259t m\u00fcharib\u0259si<\/a> 1922-ci ild\u0259 monarxiyan\u0131n l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si v\u0259 1923-c\u00fc ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi.[20]<\/a><\/sup> Atat\u00fcrk<\/a> \u00f6lk\u0259nin ilk prezidenti t\u0259yin olundu. Atat\u00fcrk<\/a> \u00f6lk\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 se\u00e7ildikd\u0259n q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra tarix\u0259 Atat\u00fcrk islahatlar\u0131<\/a> ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda tarix\u0259 daxil olan bir \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm islahatlar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 BMT<\/a>, NATO<\/a>, BVF<\/a> v\u0259 D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> \u00fczv\u00fc, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0130qtisadi \u018fm\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0130nki\u015faf T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131<\/a>, AT\u018fT<\/a>, QD\u0130\u018fT<\/a>, \u0130\u018fT<\/a> v\u0259 G-20<\/a> kimi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n qurucu \u00fczv\u00fcd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 1949-cu ild\u0259n Avropa \u015euras\u0131<\/a>, 1963-c\u00fc ild\u0259n Avropa \u0130qtisadi Birliyi<\/a>, 1995-ci ild\u0259n Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131 G\u00f6mr\u00fck Birliyinin<\/a> \u00fczv\u00fcd\u00fcr. 2005-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259nin Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131na<\/a> daxil olmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar ba\u015flasa da, 2017-ci ild\u0259 bu dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. Hal-haz\u0131rda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n iqtisadiyyat\u0131<\/a> v\u0259 diplomatik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259ri<\/a> say\u0259sind\u0259 regional g\u00fcc<\/a> olaraq q\u0259bul edilir.[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcnd\u0259ricat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n