{"id":40940,"date":"2022-05-19T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-19T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=40940"},"modified":"2022-05-19T10:26:06","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T06:26:06","slug":"19-mayis-turkiye-cumhuriyetinin-kurucusu-ve-mimari-sayin-osman-gazi-mustafa-kemal-ataturkun-dogum-gunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=40940","title":{"rendered":"19 May\u0131s T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin kurucusu ve mimar\u0131 Say\u0131n Osman Gazi Mustafa Kemal ATAT\u00dcRK\u00dcN do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong> (t\u00fcrk.<\/a> Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/em>) (v\u0259 ya sad\u0259c\u0259 Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong>[7]<\/a><\/sup>, dig\u0259r ad\u0131 Kam\u00e2l Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong>[8]<\/a><\/sup>) (1881<\/a>[1]<\/a><\/sup> v\u0259 ya t\u0259q. 1880<\/a>, Saloniki<\/a>, Saloniki vilay\u0259ti<\/a>, Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131<\/a>[2]<\/a><\/sup>[4]<\/a><\/sup> \u2013 10 noyabr<\/a> 1938<\/a>[2]<\/a><\/sup>[1]<\/a><\/sup>[3]<\/a><\/sup>[\u2026]<\/a><\/sup>, Dolmaba\u011f\u00e7a saray\u0131<\/a>, Be\u015fikta\u015f<\/a>, \u0130stanbul<\/a>[5]<\/a><\/sup>) \u2014 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> qurucusu, g\u00f6rk\u0259mli d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadimi, mar\u015fal, 1919-cu ild\u0259 ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0130stiqlaliyy\u0259t m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin<\/a> \u00f6nd\u0259ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda<\/a> xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n Atat\u00fcrk \u00c7anaqqala c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259<\/a> polkovnik<\/a>, Suriya-F\u0259l\u0259stin c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 \u0130ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular qrupunun<\/a> komandiri v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259yin edildi. M\u00fcharib\u0259nin sonunda Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> m\u0259\u011flub olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nca \u0130stiqlaliyy\u0259t m\u00fcharib\u0259si<\/a> \u2014 T\u00fcrk Milli H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131na<\/a> liderlik v\u0259 \u00f6nd\u0259rlik etdi. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0130stiqlaliyy\u0259t m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Ankara H\u00f6kum\u0259tini<\/a> qurdu, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Ordusunun<\/a> ba\u015f komandan\u0131 olaraq Sakarya d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259ki<\/a> q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 19 sentyabr 1921-ci ild\u0259 “Qazi<\/a>” l\u0259q\u0259bini ald\u0131 v\u0259 mar\u015fal r\u00fctb\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259ldi. H\u0259rbi v\u0259 siyasi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 Antanta D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri<\/a> v\u0259 onlar\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259k\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 qazand\u0131. M\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonra C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Xalq Partiyas\u0131n\u0131<\/a> qurdu v\u0259 partiyan\u0131n ilk s\u0259dri oldu. 29 oktyabr 1923-c\u00fc ild\u0259 prezident<\/a> se\u00e7ildi. 1938-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6l\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6rd hakimiyy\u0259t d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 bu v\u0259zif\u0259d\u0259 xidm\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t prezident olmu\u015f \u015f\u0259xs oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk m\u00fcasir, proqressiv<\/a> v\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi<\/a> olan milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t<\/a> yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn siyasi, iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi<\/a> v\u0259 mill\u0259t\u00e7i<\/a> \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 islahatlar<\/a> h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259 ki, xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 verilmi\u015f iqtisadi imtiyazlar l\u0259\u011fv edildi v\u0259 onlara m\u0259xsus m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 d\u0259miryollar\u0131 millil\u0259\u015fdirildi<\/a>. T\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259bul etdiyi qanunla t\u0259hsil T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259tinin n\u0259zar\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. T\u0259hsil sistemi d\u00fcny\u0259vi<\/a> v\u0259 elmi<\/a> t\u0259hsil\u0259 \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Minl\u0259rl\u0259 yeni m\u0259kt\u0259b tikildi. \u0130btidai t\u0259hsil pulsuz v\u0259 m\u0259cburi edildi. Xarici m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tin n\u0259zar\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. K\u0259ndlil\u0259rd\u0259n al\u0131nan a\u011f\u0131r vergil\u0259r (a\u015far vergisi) azald\u0131ld\u0131. Ki\u015fil\u0259rin papaq<\/a> v\u0259 geyiml\u0259rind\u0259<\/a> b\u0259zi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edildi. T\u0259qvim, saat v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edildi. M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilib \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi qanun q\u0259bul edildi. Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fclki v\u0259 siyasi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 bir \u00e7ox Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259n<\/a> \u0259vv\u0259l tan\u0131nd\u0131. Poliqamiya<\/a> l\u0259\u011fv edildi. Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u015fahidliyi v\u0259 miras haqq\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259rinkiyl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r edildi. Eynil\u0259, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131nlara d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l yerli se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 (1930), daha sonra \u00fcmumi se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 (1934) se\u00e7m\u0259k v\u0259 se\u00e7ilm\u0259k h\u00fcququ verildi. Cinay\u0259t v\u0259 borc haqq\u0131nda d\u00fcny\u0259vi<\/a> qanunlar q\u0259bul edildi. S\u0259nayenin dir\u00e7\u0259ldilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 qanun q\u0259bul edildi. Torpaq islahat\u0131 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 c\u0259hd edildi. \u018fr\u0259b h\u0259rfl\u0259rin\u0259<\/a> \u0259saslanan Osmanl\u0131 \u0259lifbas\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> yerin\u0259 lat\u0131n qrafikas\u0131na<\/a> \u0259saslanan yeni t\u00fcrk \u0259lifbas\u0131<\/a> t\u0259sis edildi. Xalq\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hsil kompaniyas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131ld\u0131. Universitet islahat\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi. Birinci Be\u015fillik S\u0259naye Plan\u0131 q\u0259bul edildi. Sinif v\u0259 statusa g\u00f6r\u0259 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik yaradan l\u0259q\u0259b v\u0259 adlar l\u0259\u011fv edildi<\/a> v\u0259 soyadlar<\/a> q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 mindi. Yekcins v\u0259 vahid xalq yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u00fcrkl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t D\u0259mir Yollar\u0131<\/a>, T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131<\/a>, Mineral T\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 K\u0259\u015ffiyyat \u00dcmumi M\u00fcdirliyi<\/a>, T\u00fcrk Tarix Qurumu<\/a>, T\u00fcrk Dil Qurumu<\/a>, D\u0259yan\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik<\/a> v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurumlar\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n v\u0259 ya Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 t\u0259sis edildi. K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n, toxuculu\u011fun, ma\u015f\u0131nqay\u0131rman\u0131n, t\u0259yyar\u0259 v\u0259 avtomobil s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k verildi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara baxmayaraq, Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin siyasi-sosioloji<\/a> qurulu\u015fu aras\u0131ndak\u0131 u\u00e7urum aradan qalxmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk tarixd\u0259 100 \u0259n \u00e7ox \u00f6yr\u0259nilmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r siyah\u0131s\u0131na<\/a> daxil edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcnd\u0259ricat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n