{"id":42910,"date":"2022-12-19T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=42910"},"modified":"2022-12-19T13:26:08","modified_gmt":"2022-12-19T09:26:08","slug":"altmisincilar-v%c9%99-son-60-ilin-%c9%99d%c9%99bi-h%c9%99yatindan-s%c9%99hif%c9%99l%c9%99r-anar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=42910","title":{"rendered":"“”Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” v\u0259 son 60 ilin \u0259d\u0259bi h\u0259yat\u0131ndan s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259r”\u00a0– ANAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uzun zaman \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyim “Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” v\u0259 son 60 ilin \u0259d\u0259bi h\u0259yat\u0131” kitab\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f\u0259m. Kitabdan bir par\u00e7an\u0131 oxuculara t\u0259qdim edir\u0259m.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

ANAR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u018fd\u0259biyyat saray\u0131n\u0131 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r v\u0259 yenilik\u00e7il\u0259r in\u015fa edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fn\u0259n\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r da\u015flar\u0131 yan-yana d\u00fcz\u00fcb \u00f6z\u00fcl yarad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yenilik\u00e7il\u0259r bu \u00f6z\u00fcl \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 da\u015flar\u0131 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 qoyub q\u00fcll\u0259 ucald\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar olub, olmay\u0131b?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

60 il bundan qabaq “Az\u0259rbaycan” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n 1960, dekabr n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 iki hekay\u0259m d\u0259rc olundu: “Ke\u00e7\u0259n ilin son gec\u0259si” v\u0259 “Bayram h\u0259sr\u0259tind\u0259”. Bu m\u0259nim ilk m\u0259tbu yaz\u0131lar\u0131m idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, 2020-ci ilin dekabr\u0131nda \u0259d\u0259bi al\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259yimin 60 ili tamam oldu. Bu m\u00fcdd\u0259tin yar\u0131dan \u00e7oxunu – bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 36 ilini – yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fam. Oxuculara t\u0259qdim etdiyim bu kitabda Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n son 60 ild\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin b\u0259zi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rini, “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” n\u0259slinin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini, \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitin \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rini, dart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259ri, m\u00fcbariz\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra ba\u015fqa m\u0259tl\u0259bl\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar n\u0259sli” ist\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcmumittifaq t\u0259nqidind\u0259 t\u0259sdiq olunmu\u015f anlay\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. SSR\u0130-nin v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131, t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259ri, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 ictimai-siyasi xadiml\u0259ri bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q meydan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xan g\u0259nc \u015fairl\u0259rin, nasirl\u0259rin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n yeni m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. Haz\u0131rk\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 d\u0259 “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” \u0259n m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixl\u0259rind\u0259 layiqli yerl\u0259rini tuturlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma Az\u0259rbaycanda bu n\u0259slin xidm\u0259tl\u0259rini yerli-dibli inkar ed\u0259n, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131” \u0259d\u0259biyyat hadis\u0259si saymayan t\u0259k-t\u00fckl\u0259r d\u0259 var. H\u0259tta i\u015f o yer\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r ki, bel\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259tbuata ilk d\u0259f\u0259 bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ap olunanlar\u0131n xronoloji bax\u0131mdan bel\u0259 o ill\u0259r\u0259 aid olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul etmirl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir vaxtlar m\u00fcxalif\u0259t q\u0259zetl\u0259rind\u0259 tez-tez imzas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n bir yazan (m\u0259n “yazan” v\u0259 “yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131” s\u00f6zl\u0259rini f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir\u0259m) bel\u0259 bir “k\u0259\u015ff” etmi\u015fdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Az\u0259rbaycanda utanmaz-utanmaz \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” adland\u0131r\u0131b hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 n\u00f6k\u0259r\u00e7ilik el\u0259y\u0259n “xalq yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131”, “xalq \u015fairl\u0259ri” var. Bu yaz\u0131da onlar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k ist\u0259mir\u0259m”. (“Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 – Andrey Voznesenski” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131dan (“Azadl\u0131q” q\u0259zeti 17 mart 2010)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kimin kim\u0259 muzdlu n\u00f6k\u0259r\u00e7ilik etdiyini \u0259yani faktlarla g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k ba\u015fqa bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vzusudur. Odur ki, bu yaz\u0131da bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni a\u00e7\u0131b-a\u011fartmadan ancaq onu qeyd etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m ki, m\u0259qal\u0259 “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (“a\u015f\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7\u0131” n\u0259 dem\u0259kdir? – A.) adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 rus \u015fairi Andrey Vosnesenskinin v\u0259fat\u0131na h\u0259sr olunmu\u015fdur. M\u00fc\u0259llif Andrey Voznesenskini Az\u0259rbaycan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6rn\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k rus \u015fairinin K\u0130\u015e\u0130 kimi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r, onu sovet rejimin\u0259 asi oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259qib edil\u0259n, az qala tutula bil\u0259n, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259n adam kimi, d\u00f6nm\u0259z \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi t\u0259rifl\u0259yir. Andrey Voznesenskinin h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fair oldu\u011funu inkar etm\u0259d\u0259n bu yazan\u0131n bilm\u0259diyi, ya bilib eynin\u0259 almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259 ona xat\u0131rlatmaq ist\u0259yir\u0259m, Xru\u015f\u015fov A.Voznesenskini k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid ed\u0259nd\u0259n sonra \u015fair Lenin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f “Lanjomyu” poemas\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131 v\u0259 SSR\u0130 D\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fckafat\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc mill\u0259t\u00e7i, t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ver\u0259n bu m\u00fc\u0259llif rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u015fsa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alark\u0259n m\u00fctl\u0259q Az\u0259rbaycan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama\u011f\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 borc bilir: G\u00f6rk\u0259mli rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Viktor Astafyevin v\u0259fat\u0131na h\u0259sr etdiyi yaz\u0131da yen\u0259 d\u0259rdi-azar\u0131 olan “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131” sancmadan ke\u00e7\u0259 bilmir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Rusiya varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Astafyevi” adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 (“Azadl\u0131q” q\u0259zeti 22-24 dekabr 2001) Anar\u0131, El\u00e7ini, Maqsud \u0130brahimb\u0259yovu h\u0259d\u0259f alaraq yaz\u0131r: “Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015fairl\u0259rin, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n alt\u0131m\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259r n\u0259sli adlanan bir seriyas\u0131 var. (seriyas\u0131? – A.). Onlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini xalqa 60-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin dissident \u015fairl\u0259ri, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kimi s\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. S\u0259n dem\u0259, “icaz\u0259li q\u0259hr\u0259man” olublar, Yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 – Yalan\u00e7\u0131 Yal\u0131n\u00e7\u0131q yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonra “fizionomiyas\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi” Astafyevin t\u00fcrk (?! – A) v\u0259 dissident” oldu\u011funu iddia ed\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifi Astafyevin Rusiyan\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 “unudur”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O ki qald\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131na” – onlar bar\u0259d\u0259 yazan\u0131n verdiyi qiym\u0259td\u0259n z\u0259min-asiman f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n ba\u015fqa r\u0259yl\u0259r d\u0259 var:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u0259hm\u0259tlik \u018fb\u00fclf\u0259z El\u00e7ib\u0259y m\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi t\u0259brik m\u0259ktubunda yaz\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Az\u0259rbaycan milli-azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 tarixind\u0259 v\u0259 milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u015f\u00fcurunun formala\u015fmas\u0131nda Sizin b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259riniz m\u00fcst\u0259sna rol oynay\u0131b. Eyni zamanda milli azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131nda i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131z minl\u0259rl\u0259 insanlar\u0131n oyanmas\u0131nda, ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259kata qo\u015fulmas\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa bir s\u00f6hb\u0259tind\u0259 \u018fb\u00fclf\u0259z El\u00e7ib\u0259y deyirdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Respublikada g\u0259ncl\u0259ri \u00e7ox \u0259zirdil\u0259r. R\u0259sul Rza bird\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131, 20-30 n\u0259f\u0259ri himay\u0259 el\u0259di. Camaat bax\u0131rd\u0131 ki, yuxar\u0131da R\u0259sul da var, R\u0259sulun hesab\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan b\u0259zil\u0259ri c\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259nirdil\u0259r. Sonra ham\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc onlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259, ba\u015flad\u0131lar R\u0259sul Rzan\u0131n \u0259leyhin\u0259 yazma\u011fa, Anar\u0131n \u0259leyhin\u0259 yazma\u011fa. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u018f.\u018fylisli d\u0259, Anar da, El\u00e7in d\u0259, Y.S\u0259m\u0259do\u011flu da g\u00f6z qaba\u011f\u0131nda idil\u0259r. M\u0259nim yad\u0131mdad\u0131r, Anar\u0131n “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin – 66” yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ham\u0131 oxuyurdu, m\u00fczakir\u0259sini ke\u00e7irirdil\u0259r, dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar cavanlar. Y\u0259ni bu, Sabir ruhunun qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O zaman\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131na daha \u00e7ox qiym\u0259t verilm\u0259lidir. Mill\u0259tin \u00f6l\u00fcm n\u0259f\u0259sini geri qaytard\u0131qar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn. O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca yaz\u0131 da yazmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n qiym\u0259ti d\u0259 verilm\u0259lidir”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allah \u018fb\u00fclf\u0259z b\u0259y\u0259 r\u0259hm\u0259t el\u0259sin. \u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fc El\u00e7ib\u0259y ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n davam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 elan ed\u0259nl\u0259r “qiym\u0259timizi d\u0259 verdil\u0259r, haqq\u0131m\u0131zda yaz\u0131lar da yazd\u0131lar”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazan onu da yalan deyir ki, “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” \u00f6zl\u0259rini dissident kimi s\u0131r\u0131ma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131blar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 R\u0259sul Rzan\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259tdiyi “icaz\u0259li q\u0259hr\u0259manlar” ifad\u0259sini ondan iqtibas ed\u0259n bu m\u00fc\u0259llif “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n” \u00f6zl\u0259rini “dissident” kimi “s\u0131r\u0131ma\u011fa” \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r. D\u00fcz deyil. N\u0259 m\u0259n, n\u0259 d\u0259 “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lardan” ba\u015fqa birisi he\u00e7 vaxt \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc dissident kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verm\u0259mi\u015fik. Bizi “sovet qurulu\u015funa zidd ged\u0259n, sosrealizm metodundan imtina ed\u0259n asil\u0259r kimi h\u0259m m\u0259tbuat s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 gizli danoslarla dam\u011falayanlar tamam ba\u015fqalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259nim bu bar\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131m – qeyri-t\u0259vaz\u00f6karl\u0131q say\u0131la bil\u0259r, amma ulu \u00f6nd\u0259r Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin s\u00f6zl\u0259rini tam m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259 q\u0259bul etm\u0259liyik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev deyirdi: “Bir d\u0259f\u0259 1989-cu ild\u0259 Moskvada bir jurnalist m\u0259nd\u0259n m\u00fcsahib\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259rk\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fc haqq\u0131nda, y\u0259ni 70-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259nim Az\u0259rbaycana r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyim zamandan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131q. M\u0259n\u0259 sual verdi ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda o vaxt dissident var idi, yoxsa yox idi? Dedim ki, yox idi. Dedi n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn? Dedim ki, biz dissident axtarm\u0131rd\u0131q. T\u0259biidir, \u0259g\u0259r axtarsayd\u0131q, \u00e7ox dissident \u00e7\u0131xarmaq olard\u0131. Amma biz axtarm\u0131r\u0131q. Bu n\u0259 dem\u0259kdir? Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, h\u0259min dissident say\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini biz q\u0259lb\u0259n q\u0259bul edirdik v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 yol tapmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn imkanlar yarad\u0131rd\u0131q. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, h\u0259min m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6z h\u0259mr\u0259yliyimizi bildirirdik. Ancaq geni\u015f t\u0259bli\u011f etmirdik ki, biz bununla h\u0259mr\u0259yik. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259g\u0259r o ill\u0259r 60-70-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda dissident axtarsayd\u0131q onlar \u00e7ox idi. \u018fn b\u00f6y\u00fck dissident B\u0259xtiyar Vahabzad\u0259 idi. Yaxud da ki, X\u0259lil Rza \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck dissidentl\u0259rd\u0259n biri idi. \u00c7\u00fcnki onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n B\u0259xtiyar Vahabzad\u0259nin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri h\u0259qiq\u0259ti deyirdi. Amma bu h\u0259qiq\u0259t o vaxtk\u0131 kommunist ideologiyas\u0131na zidd idi. V\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 da onlar dissident idil\u0259r. Ancaq biz X\u0259lil Rzan\u0131 da qoruduq saxlad\u0131q. Maqsud \u0130brahimb\u0259yov, R\u00fcst\u0259m \u0130brahimb\u0259yov \u0259sl dissident idil\u0259r. Ancaq biz qoymad\u0131q ki, onlar dissident olsunlar. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 onlar indi heyifsil\u0259nirl\u0259r ki, o vaxt \u018fliyev qoysayd\u0131 v\u0259 biz dissident olsayd\u0131q, indi b\u0259lk\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259timiz daha da art\u0131q olard\u0131. Yaxud g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259k Anar\u0131. O da dissident idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, “Qobustan” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 jurnal\u0131n s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n yay\u0131lan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, dissident xarakteri da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n X Qurultay\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k Prezident Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev bu bar\u0259d\u0259 daha \u0259trafl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u0259n “Qobustan” jurnal\u0131n\u0131 xat\u0131rlay\u0131ram. O yarananda \u0259leyhin\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r c\u00fcrb\u0259c\u00fcr h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r oldu. M\u0259nim xatirimd\u0259dir, biri g\u0259lirdi ki, n\u0259 bilim, mill\u0259t\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131 yay\u0131r, biri deyirdi ki, bizim qurulu\u015fun \u0259leyhin\u0259 ideyalar yay\u0131r, biri o t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, biri bu t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n g\u0259lirdi. M\u0259n d\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcm, bax\u0131rd\u0131m bu “Qobustan” jurnal\u0131na, g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcm burada bunlarm dedikl\u0259ri \u015fey yoxdur, amma bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan \u015feyl\u0259r \u00e7oxdur. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 “Qobustan” jurnal\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. Bu g\u00fcn m\u0259mnuniyy\u0259t hissi il\u0259 deyir\u0259m – “Qobustan” jurnal\u0131 o vaxt \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Amma yaln\u0131z “Qobustan” yox. G\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcn “Az\u0259rbaycan”, “Ulduz” jurnallar\u0131n\u0131. Bunlar d\u00f6vl\u0259t jurnallar\u0131 idi, amma siz onlarda n\u0259 ist\u0259yirdiniz, onu da \u00e7ap edirdiniz, h\u0259r hans\u0131 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t yox idi. M\u0259n iftixarla dey\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259m ki, 1969-cu ild\u0259n, m\u0259n respublikaya r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayan zamandan b\u0259ri, bir n\u0259f\u0259r d\u0259 olsun \u015fairin, bir n\u0259f\u0259r d\u0259 olsun yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 qada\u011fa qoyulmay\u0131b. \u0130ndi bir \u00e7ox \u015feyl\u0259ri a\u00e7\u0131q dan\u0131\u015fmaq olar. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Sizin aran\u0131zdan n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015fikay\u0259t g\u0259lirdi. Biri g\u0259lir, deyir ki, o, pant\u00fcrkistdi, ba\u015fqas\u0131 g\u0259lib deyir ki, o, paniranistdi, birini t\u00fcrk casusu adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar, birini \u0130ran casusu. Deyirdil\u0259r ki, bax, o, Sovet d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131d\u0131 v\u0259 onun babas\u0131 da Sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni olub, o \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 Sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin ziddin\u0259 gedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O q\u0259d\u0259r dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar, o q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r ki, bu v\u0259 bu kimi q\u0259bild\u0259n olan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 als\u0131nlar. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 iki m\u00f6vqed\u0259n h\u00fccum edirdil\u0259r: bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n – \u0259s\u0259r, guya, tam mill\u0259t\u00e7ilik ruhundad\u0131r, deyirdil\u0259r, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 bizim h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131zdak\u0131 n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131 t\u0259nqid ed\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ancaq siz bilirsiniz ki, m\u0259n 1969-cu ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan r\u0259hb\u0259rliyin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n g\u00fcnd\u0259n eyb\u0259c\u0259rlikl\u0259ri, m\u0259nfi \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259nqid etmi\u015f\u0259m, onlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015fam. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259 g\u0259lib x\u0259b\u0259r\u00e7ilik ed\u0259nd\u0259 ki, “\u015e\u0259h\u0259rin yay g\u00fcnl\u0259ri” pyesi bizim qurulu\u015fa qar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r, m\u0259n dedim: yax\u015f\u0131, gedib baxaram. G\u0259ldim, baxd\u0131m, \u00e7ox t\u0259rifl\u0259dim, m\u00fckafat verdirdim. Ya da “Bir c\u0259nub \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259” filmi altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 qada\u011fan olunmu\u015fdu. Onu R\u00fcst\u0259m \u0130brahimb\u0259yov v\u0259 Eldar Quliyev \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Onda m\u0259n h\u0259l\u0259 respublika r\u0259hb\u0259ri deyildim, m\u0259n DTK-n\u0131n s\u0259dri idim. M\u0259n film\u0259 baxd\u0131m v\u0259 \u0259min oldum ki, bu \u00e7ox yax\u015f\u0131 filmdir v\u0259 ona yol a\u00e7d\u0131m. Film b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t qazand\u0131. Ya da R\u00fcst\u0259m \u0130brahimb\u0259yovun “\u0130stintaq” filmi. N\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r onun \u0259leyhin\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Filmin m\u00f6vzusunu m\u0259n vermi\u015fdim. Burda mafiozil\u0259r\u0259, r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259txorlara qar\u015f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015fmaz m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259n b\u0259hs olunurdu. Bu film o zaman SSR\u0130 d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu g\u00fcn dem\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda dissident olmay\u0131b. Amma sizin bir \u00e7oxunuz dissident idiniz. M\u0259n bunu m\u00fcsb\u0259t fakt kimi deyir\u0259m. Yax\u015f\u0131 ki, siz dissident olmusunuz, \u0259g\u0259r Siz dissident olmasayd\u0131n\u0131z, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259r \u0259hval\u0131n\u0131, milli ruhunu qald\u0131ra bilm\u0259zdiniz. \u018fg\u0259r B\u0259xtiyar Vahabzad\u0259 dissident olmasayd\u0131, o, g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u015f\u00fcuruna bel\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. \u018fg\u0259r X\u0259lil Rza dissident olmasayd\u0131, onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri bel\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir\u0259 malik olmazd\u0131”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyl\u0259 ba\u015flanan yeni d\u00f6vr<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1953-c\u00fc il mart\u0131n 5-d\u0259 Stalinin \u00f6l\u00fcm x\u0259b\u0259ri yay\u0131ld\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259 yasa batm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Moskvada, S\u00fctunlu salonda r\u0259hb\u0259rin tabutu \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259n sonsuz insan ax\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7irdi. Radiodan bu insanlar\u0131n h\u0131\u00e7q\u0131r\u0131b a\u011flad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fidirdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259kt\u0259bimiz d\u0259 mat\u0259m i\u00e7ind\u0259 idi. Des\u0259m ki, Stalinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vecim\u0259 deyildi, bunu m\u00fcbali\u011f\u0259 saymas\u0131nlar. \u00d6z\u00fcm\u00fc ta yeniyetm\u0259lik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan antistalinist kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verm\u0259k iddiam da yoxdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma u\u015faql\u0131q \u00e7a\u011f\u0131mdan evd\u0259 e\u015fitdiyim x\u0131s\u0131n s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n 37-ci ild\u0259 repressiya olunmu\u015flar\u0131n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 valideynl\u0259rimin yax\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcnahs\u0131z olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rk etmi\u015fdim. Bunun \u0259sl g\u00fcnahkar\u0131n\u0131n Stalin oldu\u011fu n\u0259tic\u0259si \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. Bununla bel\u0259 Stalinin \u00f6l\u00fcm x\u0259b\u0259rini e\u015fid\u0259nd\u0259 atam\u0131n a\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 da xat\u0131rlay\u0131ram. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 bu al\u0259m\u0259 fa\u015f etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, evd\u0259 t\u0259k bir ail\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259rinin g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259ri g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 idi. Y\u0259ni R\u0259sul Rza tamamil\u0259 s\u0259mimi sur\u0259td\u0259 sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Amma Stalin haqq\u0131nda daha \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r dediyi s\u00f6zl\u0259ri d\u0259 unutmuram: “He\u00e7 Nikolay da bu q\u0259l\u0259ti el\u0259m\u0259mi\u015fdi”. Bu s\u00f6zl\u0259ri Stalinin rusla\u015fd\u0131rma siyas\u0259tiyl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 deyirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259r halda Stalini b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t say\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7 il sonra “b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u0259hb\u0259r”in qanl\u0131 repressiyalar\u0131n baiskar\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u015fkar olunandan sonra Stalin\u0259 nifr\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Lenin\u0259 is\u0259 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunacan inan\u0131rd\u0131. Ona el\u0259 g\u0259lirdi ki, Lenin sa\u011f qalsayd\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 tamam ba\u015fqa y\u00f6nd\u0259, sosial \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 milli maraqlar t\u0259min olunmu\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 inki\u015faf ed\u0259c\u0259kdi. Ax\u0131 v\u0259fat\u0131ndan \u00e7ox sonra a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259r, Leninin cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 bir m\u0259lumat\u0131 yoxdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259n Moskvada t\u0259hsil alark\u0259n (1962-1964) Lenin haqq\u0131nda b\u0259zi s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259ri e\u015fitmi\u015fdim. Rusiyayla m\u00fcharib\u0259 aparan Almaniya gizli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qapal\u0131 vaqonda Lenini Rusiyaya \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259si, bol\u015fevik\u0259rin Parvus adl\u0131 varl\u0131 adam t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maddi t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. Bunlar\u0131 atama dan\u0131\u015fanda: – D\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131d\u0131r – dedi – s\u0259n bel\u0259 \u015feyl\u0259r\u0259 uyma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1955-ci ild\u0259 orta m\u0259kt\u0259bi bitirib Universitetin Filoloji fak\u00fclt\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259bul olundum, bir il sonra is\u0259 bizi, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri qapal\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 Xru\u015f\u015fovun XX Qurultayda etdiyi m\u0259ruz\u0259yl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f etdil\u0259r. M\u0259ruz\u0259d\u0259 Stalin kultu alt-\u00fcst edilirdi. Stalin milyonlarla insan\u0131n haqs\u0131z s\u00fcrg\u00fcn v\u0259 m\u0259hv edilm\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00fcnahland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. O vaxt a\u00e7\u0131qlanm\u0131rd\u0131 ki, Xru\u015f\u015fovun \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 Ukraynan\u0131n partiya r\u0259hb\u0259ri i\u015fl\u0259rk\u0259n v\u0259 ba\u015fqa m\u0259sul v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r da\u015f\u0131yark\u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi repressiyalar\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259r n\u0259ys\u0259 reall\u0131q bu idi ki, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunmu\u015flar\u0131n sa\u011f qalanlar\u0131 yurd-yuvalar\u0131na, v\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259, evl\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131rd\u0131lar. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259nim ana t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n qohumlar\u0131m\u0131z – anam\u0131n do\u011fmaca day\u0131s\u0131 F\u0259rrux b\u0259y R\u0259fib\u0259yli h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 R\u0259x\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 xan\u0131mla. Daha bir R\u0259fib\u0259yli qohumumuz Cavad b\u0259y R\u0259fib\u0259yli d\u0259 ikinci s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259n d\u00f6n\u00fcrd\u00fc. Atam\u0131n \u0259misi v\u0259 xalas\u0131 o\u011flu, \u018fnv\u0259r M\u0259mm\u0259dxanl\u0131n\u0131n ki\u00e7ik qarda\u015f\u0131 Niyazi V\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259n c\u0259bh\u0259y\u0259 getmi\u015f, yaralan\u0131b \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, evl\u0259rin\u0259 qara ka\u011f\u0131z\u0131 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi, sa\u011f qalmas\u0131 m\u0259lum oldu, qay\u0131td\u0131 v\u0259 az bir m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259n sonra ba\u015fqa m\u00fcharib\u0259 \u0259sirl\u0259ri kimi Sibir\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015fdi, Stalinin “if\u015fas\u0131ndan” sonra o da Bak\u0131ya qay\u0131td\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vr d\u0259yi\u015firdi. SSR\u0130 Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri, vaxtil\u0259 bir \u00e7ox yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hkum olunmas\u0131nda dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da olsa g\u00fcnahkar say\u0131lan Aleksandr Fadeyev pe\u015fman\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q m\u0259ktubu yazaraq intihar etdi. R\u0259smi m\u0259tbuat bu intihar\u0131 alkoqolizmin t\u0259siriyl\u0259 izah etdi. M\u0259ktubu \u00e7ox ill\u0259r sonra \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El\u0259 h\u0259min 1956-c\u0131 ilin pay\u0131z\u0131nda Sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131 Budape\u015ft\u0259 girib macar xalq\u0131n\u0131n azadl\u0131q arzular\u0131n\u0131 tank t\u0131rt\u0131llar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u0259zmi\u015fdi, k\u00fclli miqdarda qan t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Amma biz\u0259, o vaxt\u0131n cavanlar\u0131na el\u0259 g\u0259lirdi ki, bu Stalin d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn son g\u0259yirtisidir. Yevgeni Yevtu\u015fenkonun Xru\u015f\u015fovun raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla “Pravda” q\u0259zetind\u0259 d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f “Stalinin varisl\u0259ri” (“Nasledniki Stalina”) \u015feiri m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc oldu\u011funa, amma onlarla m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin r\u0259smi yolla da apar\u0131lmas\u0131na i\u015far\u0259 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u0130lya Erenburqun bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f povestinin ad\u0131yla h\u0259min ke\u00e7id d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc “Ottopel” (“Buzlar\u0131n \u0259rim\u0259si” kimi \u00e7evirm\u0259k olar) adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259 bir qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ab-hava ta 1963-c\u00fc ilin dekabr\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r davam etdi, 1963-c\u00fc ilin dekar\u0131nda bir d\u0259st\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar r\u0259ssam N.S.Xru\u015f\u015fovu tovlay\u0131b Moskvada Manej s\u0259rgi salonuna apard\u0131lar. Burada n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdiril\u0259n abstraksionist r\u0259sm v\u0259 heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015fl\u0131q \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri s\u0259n\u0259t haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox ibtidai v\u0259 b\u0259sit t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259ri olan Nikita Sergeyevi\u00e7i cin at\u0131na mindirmi\u015fdi. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 abstraksionizm\u0259 – m\u00fcc\u0259rr\u0259d\u00e7iliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 siyasi kampaniya ba\u015flad\u0131 v\u0259 nec\u0259 dey\u0259rl\u0259r, “i\u015ftah di\u015f alt\u0131ndad\u0131r”. Partiya ideoloqlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar \u0259d\u0259biyyat, s\u0259n\u0259t adamlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u0259diyi bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259 abstraksionizmin h\u00fcdudlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015faraq \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 yenilik\u00e7i \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259, s\u0259rb\u0259st d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259li m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 s\u0259lib y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. H\u0259m d\u0259 an\u0131ndaca t\u0259sviri s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259sind\u0259n ba\u015fqa yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q n\u00f6vl\u0259rin\u0259 – \u0259d\u0259biyyata, teatr v\u0259 kinoya, musiqiy\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. O biri t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n d\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur ifad\u0259ni xat\u0131rlasaq “Moskvada d\u0131rnaq tutanda \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 barmaq k\u0259sirl\u0259r” dem\u0259k olard\u0131. \u018fyal\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259, y\u0259ni respulikalarda, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda, abstrakt s\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 ad\u0131yla \u0259cinn\u0259 ovuna \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar. Xru\u015f\u015fov \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus qabal\u0131qla bu sayaq r\u0259sm \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini “e\u015f\u015f\u0259k quyru\u011fuyla \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f \u015f\u0259kill\u0259r” adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Xru\u015f\u015fovun s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n ilham alan b\u0259zi Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairl\u0259r\u0131 d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi r\u0259qibl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 bu t\u0259\u015fbehd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rus dilind\u0259 bel\u0259 bir ifad\u0259 var “kultprosvet” y\u0259ni “m\u0259d\u0259ni maarifl\u0259nm\u0259”. \u0130ti dilli adamlar bu ifad\u0259ni ayr\u0131 c\u00fcr yozdular, Stalin kultunu y\u0131xan Xru\u015f\u015fov \u00f6z kultunu yaratma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu iki kult aras\u0131ndak\u0131 q\u0131sa d\u00f6vr\u00fc “kultprosvet” adland\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130ki kult arasnda i\u015fql\u0131 bir zolaq.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma dem\u0259, bu q\u0131sadan q\u0131sa “n\u0259f\u0259s genliyi” d\u0259 yet\u0259rliymi\u015f ki, uzun ill\u0259r boyu ideoloji q\u0259libl\u0259r i\u00e7ind\u0259 bo\u011fulan, dar estetik \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7abalayan h\u0259qiqi s\u0259n\u0259t dir\u00e7\u0259lib \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259 bilsin. Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 adlanan bu d\u00f6vr d\u0259 m\u0259hz iki kult aras\u0131ndak\u0131 i\u015f\u0131q zola\u011f\u0131nda yeti\u015fdi, p\u00fcxt\u0259l\u0259\u015fdi v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n yeni saza\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb t\u0259l\u0259f olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stisna etmir\u0259m ki, ayr\u0131 bir d\u00f6vr\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fs\u0259ydik biz d\u0259 kolxozdan, sovxozdan, \u0259m\u0259k q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131ndan, saxta xalqlar dostlu\u011fundan i\u00e7i su dolu poemalar, l\u0131rt romanlar yazard\u0131q,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya da he\u00e7 n\u0259 yazmazd\u0131q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131lmaz h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir ki, altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda v\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yarand\u0131. Yalan\u00e7\u0131 yox, do\u011fru\u00e7u h\u0259yat h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 saxta deyil, ger\u00e7\u0259k s\u0259n\u0259t d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f ba\u015f tutdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunu iddia ed\u0259rk\u0259n m\u0259n iki m\u0259qam\u0131 x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulamaq ist\u0259rdim. Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yeni \u0259d\u0259biyyat yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n m\u0259n he\u00e7 d\u0259 o vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r olmu\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 inkar etmir\u0259m. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da. \u0130nt\u0259has\u0131, m\u0259nc\u0259, iki ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015flar var: “sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131” v\u0259 “sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovet ill\u0259rind\u0259 r\u0259smi t\u0259qdir olunan Maksim Qorki, Vladimir Mayakovski, Mixail \u015eoloxov, Aleksandr Tradovski (sonuncu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u00f6vr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r), C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131, S\u0259m\u0259d Vur\u011fun, Muxtar Auezov, Mikola Bajan, Qalantion Tabidze, Eduardas Mejalaytes kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri inkar edilm\u0259z s\u0259n\u0259tkarlarla yana\u015f\u0131, rejimin q\u0259bul etm\u0259diyi v\u0259 rejimi q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259n H\u00fcseyn Cavid, \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad, Sergey Yesenin, Boris Pasternak, Anna Axmatova, Marina Svetayeva, Osip Mandel\u015ftam, Mixail Bulqakov, Andrey Platonov, Mixail Zo\u015f\u015fenko, Tutsian Tabidze v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra ba\u015fqa b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0259l\u0259m sahibl\u0259ri vard\u0131 ki, onlar\u0131 he\u00e7 v\u0259chl\u0259 sovet yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 saymaq olmaz. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 yaranan ba\u015fqa s\u00f6z m\u0259hsulat\u0131 da m\u00f6vcud idi ki, onlar m\u0259hz r\u0259smi ideoloji v\u0259 estetik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rl\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndiril\u0259n “sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131”  idi. V\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r “sosialist realizmi” adlanan bir n\u0259z\u0259ri metod, do\u011frudan da, m\u00f6vcuddursa, m\u0259hz bu metodla yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259d\u0259biyyat \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259ri “sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131” say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0259ni \u0259sl “sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131” (SOS!realizm) budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 ehkam\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa uyub s\u00fcni t\u0259snifat aparmaq d\u00fcz olmazd\u0131. Ola bilsin ki, eyni bir m\u00fc\u0259llifin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ideoloji t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab ver\u0259n sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259riyl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, he\u00e7 bir ideloji ehkamlara uy\u011fun g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259b\u0259di m\u00f6vzularda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259sl s\u0259n\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 var. A\u015f\u0131q \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin “Da\u011flar” qo\u015fmas\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r “Sovet” \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131d\u0131rsa, S\u0259m\u0259d Vur\u011funun “Da\u011flar” \u015feiri d\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boris Pasternak “Doktor Jivaqo” roman\u0131yla b\u0259rab\u0259r inqilab\u00e7\u0131 Leytenant \u015emidti v\u0259sf ed\u0259n \u0259s\u0259r d\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131, Vladimir Mayakovskinin “Vladimir \u0130li\u00e7 Lenin”, “Yax\u015f\u0131” poemalar\u0131, Sovet pasportuna h\u0259sr etdiyi v\u0259 bu s\u0259pkid\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa \u015feirl\u0259riyl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, he\u00e7 bir qurulu\u015fun ideologiyas\u0131na uy\u011fun g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259n \u00f6lm\u0259z lirikas\u0131, sovet c\u0259miyy\u0259tini alt-\u00fcst ed\u0259n komediyalar\u0131 d\u0259 var. Mixail Bulqakov “Ustad v\u0259 Marqarita” kimi klassik roman\u0131n, sovet h\u0259yat t\u0259rzini la\u011fa qoyan “\u0130t \u00fcr\u0259yi” povestinin d\u0259, Stalinin g\u0259ncliyin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f “Batum” pyesinin d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vur\u011fulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ikinci prinsip d\u0259 var. 60-c\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259nd\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n su\u00e7lan\u0131ram ki, m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fum “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” n\u0259slinin xidm\u0259tl\u0259rini \u015fi\u015firdir\u0259m. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirs\u0259m d\u0259 fikrimi bir daha a\u00e7\u0131qlamal\u0131yam. Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yenil\u0259\u015fm\u0259sini he\u00e7 d\u0259 ancaq bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyata g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rin xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri saym\u0131ram. Yeni imkanlar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6vrd\u0259 daha \u0259vv\u0259lki ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyata g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rin bir qismi d\u0259 yeni ruhlu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaratma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. H\u0259m ondan \u0259vv\u0259lki ill\u0259rd\u0259 yasaq olunmu\u015f m\u00f6vzularda, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, repressiyalarla ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 daha geni\u015f forma axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. \u018fn yax\u015f\u0131 hallarda is\u0259 yeni m\u00f6vzular yeni formalarda v\u00fcs\u0259t tap\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bunu, t\u0259krar edir\u0259m, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259nsub olan m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rm\u0259k olar. Amma bununla b\u0259rab\u0259r v\u0259 bunu da bir daha t\u0259krar etm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac duyuram ki, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n alt\u0131m\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayan yenil\u0259\u015fm\u0259sinin \u0259sas y\u00fck\u00fc m\u0259hz “alt\u0131m\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” n\u0259slinin \u00e7iynin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rus v\u0259 \u00dcmumittifaq yeni \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan bu adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k vacibdir: Yevgeni Yevtu\u015fenko, Andrey Voznesenski, Bella Axmadulina, Robert Rojdestvenski, Yuri Kazakov, Vasili \u015euk\u015fin, Fazil \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r, Vasili Aksyonov, Andrey Bitov, Vasili Belov, Valentin Rasputin, Vladimir V\u0131sotski, \u0130osif Brodski, Vladimir Maksimov v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqalar\u0131. “Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lardan” ya\u015fca b\u00f6y\u00fck olan Bulat Okudjavan\u0131, Yuri Trifonovu, Viktor Astafyevi, Fyodor Abramovu, Viktor Rozovu, Viktor Nekrasovu v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131 da bu siyah\u0131ya daxil etm\u0259k olar. Milli \u0259d\u0259biyyatlara g\u0259linc\u0259, Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z\u0131standa \u00c7ingiz Aytmatov, Mar Bayciyev, Qazax\u0131standa Oljas S\u00fcleymenov, Nurpeisov, Ukraynada \u0130van Dra\u00e7, Vitali Koroti\u00e7, \u00d6zb\u0259kistanda Timur Pulatov, Belarusiyada Vasil B\u0131kov, Ales Adamovi\u00e7, Estoniyada Rummo v\u0259 E.Vetemea, Moldaviyada Drutse, Viyeru, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda Otar v\u0259 Tamaz Ciladze qarda\u015flar\u0131, Cansuq \u00c7arkviani, Quram Pancikidze, Erm\u0259nistanda Qrant Matevosyan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n talel\u0259ri d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif oldu. Y\u00fcks\u0259k sovet t\u0259ltifatlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fckafatlar\u0131n\u0131 alanlar da oldu, h\u0259bs v\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edil\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259, v\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259n qovulub \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u0259rini xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015fa vuranlar da, Nobel (Brodski), ya Lenin (V.\u015eu\u015fkin) m\u00fckafatlar\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El\u0259 talel\u0259rinin bu m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi d\u0259 bir \u00e7ox hallarda sonra g\u0259l\u0259n n\u0259sill\u0259rin q\u0131na\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Y\u0259ni “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar nec\u0259 rejim\u0259 asi olublar ki, bu rejimin \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k ordenl\u0259rini, F\u0259xri adlar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Yaxud “Siz niy\u0259 dissident olub s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, h\u0259bs olunmam\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, m\u0259hv edilm\u0259misiniz?” – dey\u0259 soru\u015furlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara aid bu ittihamlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n Qorba\u00e7ov islahatlar\u0131ndan sonra q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sonrak\u0131 \u0259rk\u00f6y\u00fcn n\u0259sill\u0259rin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcr. “\u0130caz\u0259li c\u0259sar\u0259t” d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259kil\u0259ri “c\u0259sar\u0259tsizlikd\u0259” su\u00e7lamaqdan asan n\u0259 var ki?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vaxtil\u0259 (daha d\u0259qiq 16-22 oktyabr 2002) “Literaturna\u0259 qazeta”da “Po\u00e7emu boqat\u0131e ne l\u00f6b\u0259t \u015festides\u0259tnikov” (“Niy\u0259 varl\u0131lar altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 sevmir”) adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdu. M\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifi Sergey Baymuxametovun bir s\u0131ra fikirl\u0259ri m\u0259n\u0259 maraql\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu q\u0259zeti saxlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131m. M\u00fc\u0259llif \u0259n \u00e7ox internet s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 g\u0259nc n\u0259sill\u0259rin altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara h\u00fccumlar\u0131ndan b\u0259zi sitatlar\u0131 g\u0259tirir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“D\u00f6vl\u0259t onlara (altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara – A.) h\u0259r \u015fey vermi\u015fdi, onlar is\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti r\u00fcsvay etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa bir sitat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Tarix onlara nadir bir \u015fans – nisbi s\u0259rb\u0259stlik b\u0259x\u015f etmi\u015fdi. Onlar is\u0259 bu \u015fans\u0131 yaln\u0131z \u00f6zl\u0259rini reklam etm\u0259k\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etdil\u0259r, \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n cavanlar\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259sdil\u0259r”. (Nec\u0259, n\u0259 sayaq? – A.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birisi h\u0259tta Lenind\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259ndiyi sitat\u0131 g\u0259tirir: “Lenin haql\u0131 deyib ki, ziyal\u0131lar mill\u0259tin n\u0259cisidir” (Lenin d\u0259, sitat g\u0259tir\u0259n d\u0259 bu s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6z ad\u0131yla yaz\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa bu sayaq v\u0259 daha biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131 sitatlar g\u0259tir\u0259nd\u0259n sonra Baymuxametov “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” haqq\u0131nda \u00f6z fikirl\u0259rini b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr: “Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar Xru\u015f\u015fova inan\u0131b onun ard\u0131nca getdil\u0259r. Amma sistem onlar\u0131 da, Xru\u015f\u015fovun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259 s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131b atd\u0131. Qorba\u00e7ov yenid\u0259nqurmadan, azadl\u0131qdan v\u0259 demokratiyadan d\u0259m vururdu, amma el\u0259 onun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Anatoli Mar\u00e7enko h\u0259bsxanada acl\u0131q elan ed\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, h\u0259min bu m\u0259rhum Ukrayna dissidenti Anatoli Mar\u00e7enko azadl\u0131qda olan zaman m\u0259nim “Dantenin yubileyi” povestimi ukrain dilin\u0259 \u00e7evirmi\u015fdi. Dostu Abbas Abdullaya yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, Ukrayna m\u0259tbuat\u0131 \u0259s\u0259ri m\u0259zmununa g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00e7ap etm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259t etm\u0259di. G\u00f6r\u0259s\u0259n, bizimkil\u0259rd\u0259n bet\u0259r ay\u0131q-say\u0131qlar bu povestd\u0259 hans\u0131 antisovet t\u0259xribat\u0131 tap\u0131blar? – A.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baymuxametovun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Qorba\u00e7ov d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 bir n\u0259f\u0259ri ona g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259bs edibl\u0259rmi\u015f ki, Tvardovskinin “Tyorkin o d\u00fcnyada” poemas\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bi\u00e7ar\u0259 m\u0259hbus bu poeman\u0131n “\u0130zvestiya” q\u0259zetind\u0259 d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f m\u0259tnini g\u00f6st\u0259rs\u0259 bel\u0259 bunun bir faydas\u0131 olmay\u0131b. Ba\u015fqa bir fotoqraf\u0131 is\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259bs edibl\u0259mi\u015f ki, uydurma faktlar\u0131n fotosunu \u00e7\u0259kib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif yaz\u0131r: “Tvardovski otuzuncu ill\u0259rin d\u0259bin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq qol\u00e7omaq elan olunmu\u015f v\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f valideynl\u0259rind\u0259n imtina edib, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin \u0259zab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kib. Tvardovski yaln\u0131z “Nov\u0131y mir” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n redaktoru deyildi, h\u0259m d\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 yax\u0131n adam idi. O, Xru\u015f\u015fovun k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi Lebedevl\u0259 dosluq edir, onunla araq i\u00e7irdi. V\u0259 Lebedevin vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Xru\u015f\u015fova “\u0130van Denisovi\u00e7in bir g\u00fcn\u00fc” povestini \u00e7atd\u0131ra bilmi\u015fdi. \u0130ndi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, Lebedevl\u0259 dostlu\u011fu olmasayd\u0131, Tvardovski h\u0259min povesti “Nov\u0131y mir”d\u0259 nec\u0259 \u00e7ap ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdi v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, Soljenits\u0131n\u0131n sonrak\u0131 taleyi nec\u0259 olard\u0131? \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, onun yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 taleyi ba\u015f tutard\u0131m\u0131? B\u0259li, Yevtu\u015fenko da \u00f6z etiraf\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Komit\u0259nin kabinetl\u0259rini g\u0259z\u0259-g\u0259z\u0259 s\u00f6z azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 etdiyini deyir. Hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 ed\u0259n\u0259, dissident\u0259 bax\u0131n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma ax\u0131 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n bel\u0259 idi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlarla b\u0259rab\u0259r bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6n\u0259mli t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri d\u0259 vard\u0131”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259riyl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f indikil\u0259r – bu c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n xo\u015fb\u0259xt v\u0259 asud\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi g\u0259nclik – s\u0259thi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b \u0259sass\u0131z h\u00f6kml\u0259r verm\u0259m\u0259lidirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifinin fikrinc\u0259, sonrak\u0131 n\u0259sill\u0259rin altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara bu h\u0259dsiz nifr\u0259tinin s\u0259b\u0259bi odur ki, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t h\u0259risl\u0259ri ola-ola altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n populyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczd\u0259 birini d\u0259 qazana bilm\u0259yibl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci s\u0259b\u0259b odur ki, o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn imtiyazlar\u0131ndan e\u015fidibl\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259, \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri yoxdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim dilin ifad\u0259siyl\u0259 des\u0259k “haz\u0131ra nazir” g\u0259libl\u0259r. Niy\u0259 daha \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6vrl\u0259rin makulatura “\u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131” onlar\u0131 n\u0259inki q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259ndirmir, he\u00e7 onun \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259 vurmurlar. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, bel\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat onlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ox t\u0259min edir. Niy\u0259 m\u0259hz onlar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 yol a\u00e7an “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” \u0259sas h\u00fccum h\u0259d\u0259fidir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifi bunu Freydin “Edip kompleksiyl\u0259” \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirir. “Bel\u0259 d\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r – yaz\u0131r. – \u00c7oxlu\u011fu s\u0259fal\u0259t i\u00e7ind\u0259 ya\u015fayan, min c\u00fcr m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131 olan xalq\u0131n naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, q\u0259z\u0259bini hara y\u00f6n\u0259lts\u0259l\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r? \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 ziyal\u0131lara, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 d\u0259 “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baymuxametovun m\u0259qal\u0259si, rus \u0259d\u0259bi h\u0259yat\u0131na aid olsa da, eynil\u0259 bizim Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na \u015famil edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onlar\u0131n v\u0259 bizim bu inkar\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ox \u015fey eynil\u0259\u015fdirir, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u0259srl\u0259r boyu b\u00fct\u00fcn dinl\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259sdiq etdikl\u0259ri \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131na t\u00fcp\u00fcrm\u0259k. B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin \u0259srl\u0259r boyu q\u0259bul etdiyi \u0259xlaq normalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 “\u00f6l\u0259nin dal\u0131nca dan\u0131\u015fmazlar”, ya da “\u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda ya yax\u015f\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f, ya he\u00e7 dan\u0131\u015fma”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 tam zidd olaraq pornoqrafik romanlar m\u00fc\u0259llifi Eduard Limonov yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Vasili Aksyonovun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 deyir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Aksyonov da, dig\u0259r “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” kimi m\u0259nim n\u0259slimin r\u0259qibl\u0259ri idi. Biz is\u0259 r\u0259qibl\u0259rimizin ideologiyas\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul etmirik – ba\u015fdan-aya\u011fa dissident\u00e7ilik, \u0259d\u0259bi planda b\u0259sit romanlar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcr\u0259m ki, onlar\u0131n yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259r boyu qalacaq”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kimin romanlar\u0131 b\u0259sitdir, kimin ancaq epataj namin\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259tnl\u0259ri b\u0259sit deyil – bunu Zaman g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r. Onu da zaman m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259k ki, \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 kim qalacaq, kimins\u0259 ad\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 unudacaqlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma indi m\u0259ni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u0259n odur ki, eynil\u0259 bu c\u00fcr yana\u015fma bizim b\u0259zi novcavanlar\u0131n da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzidir. \u00d6zl\u0259ri az-\u00e7ox f\u0259rli bir m\u0259tn ortaya qoya bilm\u0259d\u0259n, i\u015fl\u0259ri pe\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6zl\u0259rini t\u0259rif\u0259m\u0259k, ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamaqd\u0131r. Xam x\u0259yallar\u0131nda “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131” \u00e7oxdan m\u0259hv edib basd\u0131r\u0131blar, amma i\u015f ondad\u0131r ki, o n\u0259sil h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6lm\u0259k ist\u0259mir v\u0259 canl\u0131 meyitl\u0259rd\u0259n daha diridirl\u0259r. H\u0259tta d\u00fcnyadan ged\u0259nd\u0259n sonra da \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri ya\u015fay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara” haqs\u0131z h\u00fccumlardan bezmi\u015f Yevgeni Yevtu\u015fenko deyir ki, “m\u0259n altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara nifr\u0259t ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 nifr\u0259t edir\u0259m”. Bu sayaq iradlara Bulat Okudjava daha sakit v\u0259 t\u0259mkinli cavab verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“G\u0259nc “s\u0259ks\u0259nincil\u0259r” “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara” qar\u015f\u0131 yaman q\u0259z\u0259blidirl\u0259r. Unudurlar ki, atalar v\u0259 o\u011fullar problemi \u0259srl\u0259r boyu olub. T\u0259bii ki, “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” \u00f6z z\u0259man\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00f6vladlar\u0131 idil\u0259r. Onlar inqilab\u00e7\u0131 deyildil\u0259r, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq namuslu insanlar idi v\u0259 o \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 ya\u015famaq ist\u0259mirdil\u0259r. Onlar rejimi d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r, onu bir q\u0259d\u0259r insanil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, azac\u0131q n\u0259f\u0259s almaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsun. V\u0259ss\u0259lam, M\u0259n “s\u0259ks\u0259nincil\u0259r\u0259” m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir\u0259m. Biz bacard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 el\u0259dik. \u0130ndi n\u00f6vb\u0259 sizindir. Bundan sonras\u0131n\u0131 siz davam edin”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 ondad\u0131r ki, “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” ad\u0131yla birl\u0259\u015f\u0259n n\u0259slin ham\u0131s\u0131 eyni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259y\u0259, eyni estetik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 malik deyildil\u0259r. H\u0259tta xronoloji olaraq bu n\u0259sl\u0259 m\u0259nsub olanlar\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259ri “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bel\u0259 q\u0259bul etmir, \u00f6zl\u0259rini bu s\u0131rada saym\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u018fsas\u0259n bu f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259 k\u0259nd v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u00f6vzular\u0131nda yazan m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin bir-birl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259n az\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259yl\u0259 yana\u015fmalar\u0131nda idi. Bu, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 rus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda hiss olunurdu. \u00c7\u00fcnki Rusiyada bu iki qism h\u0259m d\u0259 milli-etnik f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259yl\u0259 bir-birind\u0259n ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0259ndd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 k\u0259nd m\u00f6vzular\u0131nda yazanlar h\u0259qiqi rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r m\u00f6vzular\u0131ndan, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 ziyal\u0131 z\u00fcmr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n yazanlara is\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259yl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda rus dilind\u0259 yazan y\u0259hudil\u0259r, yar\u0131y\u0259hudil\u0259r, ya da xalis rus olub y\u0259hudi meyillil\u0259ri s\u0131rf rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul etm\u0259k ist\u0259mirdil\u0259r. H\u0259l\u0259 qat\u0131 antisemitl\u0259ri demir\u0259m. \u0130\u015fin \u00e7\u0259tin c\u0259h\u0259ti ondayd\u0131 ki bu s\u0131rf \u0259d\u0259bi qar\u015f\u0131durma y\u00fcks\u0259k partiya orqanlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliy\u0259 \u0259sas verirdi, Xru\u015f\u015fov ba\u015fda olmaqla partnomenklatura bu “\u015f\u0259h\u0259r yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131” qurulu\u015fa gizli asil\u0259r say\u0131rd\u0131lar, lakin k\u0259nd m\u00f6vzular\u0131nda h\u0259qiq\u0259ti yazanlar, faktik olaraq rejim\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f s\u0259rt t\u0259nqidi yaz\u0131lar\u0131 da d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc q\u0259bul edirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, torpaqla ba\u011fl\u0131 olan xalis rus m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin t\u0259nqidi i\u00e7\u0259rid\u0259ndir, ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n daxili ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259d\u0259biyyata g\u0259tir\u0259n “\u015f\u0259h\u0259rlil\u0259r” is\u0259 xarici d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259siri alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. \u018fn s\u0259rt k\u0259nd yazarlar\u0131 Vasili \u015euk\u015fin, Valentin Rasputin, Viktor Astafyev, Vasili Belov \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k Lenin v\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fckafatlar\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, Sosialist \u018fm\u0259yi Q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 olurdular (Valentin Rasputin). M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, milli \u0259d\u0259biyyatlara, o s\u0131radan Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na da \u015famil edilirdi. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259n “Drujba narodov” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi bir m\u00fc\u015favir\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z fikrimi bildirmi\u015fdim. Sonralar “Literaturnaya qazeta”da d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f bir yaz\u0131da m\u0259nim fikirl\u0259riml\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259\u015f\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 rast g\u0259ldim. Qriqori Pomeranets adl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llif “T\u00f6vb\u0259siz” adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 (“Literaturnaya qazeta” 5 fevral 1997) yaz\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Suslov siyas\u0259ti \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259rini verirdi, Pol\u015fa kommunistl\u0259rinin yoluyla ged\u0259r\u0259k Moskva ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 (ancaq Moskva ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131m\u0131? – A.) par\u00e7alay\u0131rd\u0131lar. “Po\u00e7vennikl\u0259rin” (z\u0259min, torpaq yazarlar\u0131 kimi d\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k olar – A.) “m\u00fcrt\u0259ce romantizmi” imtiyaz qazan\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0259ni k\u0259ndlinin b\u0259sit b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fc \u015f\u0259h\u0259r ziyal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmaz t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcdl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 qoyulurdu, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu sayaq ziyal\u0131lar \u00f6z rusluqlar\u0131n\u0131 guya ki, qeyb etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. (Burada “ruslu\u011funu” s\u00f6z\u00fc \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 “az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, litval\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” t\u0259yinl\u0259rini d\u0259 qoymaq olar. – A.) Bel\u0259 bir xam x\u0259yal da yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, \u0259d\u0259biyyatda k\u0259ndli obrazlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rli obrazlar\u0131ndan daha b\u0259diidir v\u0259 yegan\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259t d\u0259 m\u0259hz “k\u0259ndli h\u0259qiq\u0259tidir”. \u018fslin\u0259 qalsa bu ideya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc d\u0259 olsa Soljenits\u0131n\u0131n “\u0130van Denisovi\u00e7in bir g\u00fcn\u00fc” povestind\u0259 v\u0259 “Matryonan\u0131n h\u0259y\u0259ti” hekay\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. K\u0259nd n\u0259srinin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r n\u0259srind\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 siyas\u0259tin v\u0259 senzuran\u0131n t\u0259siriyl\u0259 idi. Amma tutal\u0131m kinoya m\u00fcraci\u0259t ets\u0259k Andrey Tarkovskinin “\u0130van\u0131n u\u015faql\u0131\u011f\u0131” filminin b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 ziyal\u0131lard\u0131r. Lakin Tarkovski he\u00e7 d\u0259 \u015euk\u015find\u0259n \u0259skik s\u0259n\u0259tkar deyil. Tarkovskinin obrazlar\u0131 Vasili Belovun “Adi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259”sind\u0259ki personajlardan daha d\u0259rindil\u0259r”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 yer alan bu do\u011fru fikirl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259n onu da \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259m ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda Yuri Tifonovun q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 psixoloji t\u0259svirin d\u0259rinliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 he\u00e7 d\u0259 Rasputinin psixoloji t\u0259svirl\u0259rind\u0259n z\u0259if deyill\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu misallar\u0131 milli \u0259d\u0259biyyatlar\u0131n n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259riyl\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sdiq etm\u0259k olar. M\u0259hz bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259nd m\u00f6vzular\u0131nda yazan “Az\u0259rbaycan altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131” r\u0259smi d\u0259st\u0259k al\u0131r, ir\u0259li \u00e7\u0259kilirdil\u0259r. Ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r is\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li v\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259ksiz hesab olunurdular, t\u0259nqid h\u0259d\u0259fin\u0259 \u00e7evrilirdil\u0259r. Art\u0131q d\u0259bd\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f “sosializm realizmi” metodu \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 rus t\u0259nqidind\u0259 k\u0259nd n\u0259srini t\u0259qdir ed\u0259n “sosial realizm” ifad\u0259si i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. X\u00fcsus\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonrak\u0131 k\u0259nd h\u0259yat\u0131na h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 sosial \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin t\u0259sviri s\u0259rt, amma h\u0259qiqi v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyat kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilirdi v\u0259 bu, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, d\u00fczg\u00fcn idi. H\u0259min \u0259d\u0259biyyat kamil \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259riyl\u0259 bu haqq\u0131 qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Amma m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 ondayd\u0131 ki, bu \u0259d\u0259biyyat s\u00f6z s\u0259n\u0259tinin yegan\u0259 \u00f6rn\u0259yi kimi q\u0259bul edilirdi, m\u00fcsb\u0259t d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilirdis\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r insanlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi iztirablar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n m\u0259tnl\u0259r az qala sovet h\u0259yat t\u0259rzin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259xribat say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ztirablar yaln\u0131z maddi qay\u011f\u0131lara aid edil\u0259 bil\u0259rdi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n insan\u0131n h\u0259qiq\u0259t axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259l\u0259ri, t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcdl\u0259ri, ictimai narahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u00f6z i\u00e7ind\u0259 qurdalanmaq” kimi dam\u011falan\u0131rd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycanda is\u0259 bu sayaq “ziyal\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131”, m\u0259n\u0259vi axtar\u0131\u015flar \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 sovet h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hrifi kimi su\u00e7lan\u0131rd\u0131lar. Amma b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n son sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn tam m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini – k\u0259ndiyl\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259riyl\u0259 – k\u00fcll hal\u0131nda \u0259ks etdir\u0259n \u0259d\u0259biyyat kommunist ideoloji sisteminin iflas\u0131na yol a\u00e7d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259 olaraq onu da qeyd edim ki, “\u015f\u0259rti olaraq \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131” adland\u0131r\u0131lanlar k\u0259nd n\u0259srinin \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259rini t\u0259qdir edir, k\u0259ndd\u0259n yazan istedadl\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0259mimi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. \u015e\u0259rti olaraq k\u0259ndd\u0259n yazan (v\u0259 k\u0259ndd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f) \u0259hli-q\u0259l\u0259ml\u0259r is\u0259 “\u015f\u0259h\u0259rlil\u0259ri” yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u0259d\u0259biyyat kimi q\u0259bul etmirdil\u0259r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, onlar\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rlil\u0259r h\u0259yata b\u0259l\u0259d deyill\u0259r (bu fikir daha \u00e7ox Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitin\u0259 xas idi). Amma “h\u0259yat” dey\u0259nd\u0259 onlar yaln\u0131z k\u0259nd h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdular. “\u015e\u0259h\u0259r yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131” is\u0259 he\u00e7 vaxt k\u0259ndd\u0259n yazanlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259 g\u00fcnahland\u0131rm\u0131rd\u0131lar. H\u0259tta onlar \u015f\u0259h\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131ndan yazma\u011fa u\u011fursuz t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r etdikl\u0259ri zamanda da. K\u0259ndd\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015f, b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, yeti\u015fmi\u015f, \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n hiss\u0259sini torpaqla t\u0259masda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rlil\u0259rin xarakterini \u00e7\u0259tin qavray\u0131rd\u0131lar v\u0259 yet\u0259rinc\u0259 d\u0259rk etm\u0259d\u0259n q\u0131nama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Amma ax\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259sinin \u00f6z\u00fc \u0259sas\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rli pe\u015f\u0259sidir. Do\u011frudur, Lev Tolstoydan Mixail \u015eoloxova q\u0259d\u0259r bir \u00e7ox klassikl\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n uzaqlarda ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaratm\u0131\u015flar (Az\u0259rbaycanda bel\u0259 \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir). V\u0259 o da var ki, \u0259d\u0259bi h\u0259yat, \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchit anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 odur ki, k\u0259ndd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fma\u011fa can atmalar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131land\u0131r, amma s\u00f6hb\u0259t b\u0259zi hallarda “g\u0259mid\u0259 oturub g\u0259mi\u00e7iyl\u0259 dava etm\u0259kd\u0259n” gedir. M\u0259nim s\u00f6z\u00fcm deyil, kims\u0259 \u00e7ox d\u0259qiq deyib ki, “b\u0259zi k\u0259ndd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u0259rinin bir qismini k\u0259ndd\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcb \u015f\u0259h\u0259rli olma\u011fa s\u0259rf edir, ikinci qismini is\u0259 do\u011fma yerl\u0259rin h\u0259sr\u0259tini \u00e7\u0259kib \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri burunlama\u011fa”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fd\u0259biyyatda, s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 sovet ideoloji tabular\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 o idi ki, \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ziyal\u0131, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkar obraz\u0131 yaratmaq t\u0259qdir edilmirdi. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, s\u00f6hb\u0259t ke\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6vrl\u0259rin konkret \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, – Nizamid\u0259n, N\u0259vaid\u0259n, Pu\u015fkind\u0259n, Abaydan getmirdi, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, r\u0259ssam, b\u0259st\u0259kar, rejissor, ya aktyorlar\u0131n b\u0259dii obrazlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rin ba\u015f q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 kimi t\u0259qdim etm\u0259kd\u0259n gedir. Sanki unudurdular ki, XX \u0259srin bir s\u0131ra klassik \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259hz s\u0259n\u0259tkar insanlar\u0131n obrazlar\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131b. Ancaq el\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fah \u0259s\u0259ri xat\u0131rlamaq yet\u0259rlidir. Tomas Mann\u0131n “Doktor Faust” roman\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 b\u0259st\u0259kard\u0131r. Mixail Bulqakovun “Master i Marqarita” (“Ustad v\u0259 Marqarita”) roman\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Bulqakov eyni zamanda s\u0259hn\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n “Teatr roman\u0131”n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. Federiko Fellininin “S\u0259kkiz yar\u0131m” filmi kinorejissorun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan v\u0259 \u0259zablar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sayaq temalar sovet \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n magistral yolundan sapm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Magistral yolda is\u0259 r\u0259smi sovet t\u0259nqidinin r\u0259yinc\u0259, do\u011frudan da, b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259s\u0259r olan “Sakit Don”la b\u0259rab\u0259r n\u00f6v-n\u00f6v “Sementl\u0259r”. “Hidrosentrallar”, “Qara metallurgiya” kimi “romanlar” sosialist realizminin bariz \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259ri say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ndi “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara” irad tutanlar unudurlar, ya he\u00e7 bilmirl\u0259r ki, onlar \u0259d\u0259bi meydana \u00e7\u0131xandan \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r el\u0259 “\u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r” t\u0259qdir olunurdu ki, da\u011f ba\u015f\u0131na qald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ki, indi onlar\u0131 ya tamam unudublar, ya da \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f g\u00f6zl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olsalar \u0259d\u0259biyyata parodiya t\u0259siri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayard\u0131lar. Yax\u015f\u0131 yad\u0131mdad\u0131r, o d\u00f6vr “\u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n” b\u0259zi bel\u0259 \u00f6rn\u0259kl\u0259ri r\u0259hm\u0259tlik Araz Dada\u015fzad\u0259nin dilind\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancaq ona m\u0259xsus “yoluxucu” g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015fl\u0259 q\u0259hq\u0259h\u0259 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259r\u0259k sitatlar g\u0259tirirdi. O vaxtk\u0131 pyesl\u0259rd\u0259n birind\u0259 anaya o\u011flunun \u00f6l\u00fcm x\u0259b\u0259rini ver\u0259nd\u0259 ana: – “Do\u011frudur, bu x\u0259b\u0259r m\u0259ni bir q\u0259d\u0259r sars\u0131td\u0131” s\u00f6zl\u0259riyl\u0259 ba\u015flayan c\u00fcml\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dirdi. Ba\u015fqa bir fantastik roman t\u0259nqid t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ona g\u00f6r\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilirdi ki, m\u00fc\u0259llif Marsda v\u0259 Yupiterd\u0259 ya\u015fayan \u015f\u00fcurlu m\u0259xluqlar\u0131n dilini m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdi: marsdak\u0131lar \u0259ruz v\u0259zninin r\u0259m\u0259l b\u0259hrind\u0259, yupiterlil\u0259r m\u00fct\u0259qarib b\u0259hrind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bel\u0259 bir \u015feir misras\u0131 da dilimizin \u0259zb\u0259ri idi: “Salam Taras day\u0131, nec\u0259dir hal\u0131n, yen\u0259 d\u0259 a\u011far\u0131b sa\u00e7\u0131n, saqqal\u0131n”. Araz: nec\u0259 “yen\u0259 d\u0259?” – dey\u0259 u\u011funub gedirdi – y\u0259ni bir g\u00fcn saqqal\u0131 qaral\u0131r sonra “yen\u0259 d\u0259 a\u011far\u0131r?”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259li, bel\u0259 g\u00fcnl\u0259r v\u0259 bel\u0259 meyarlar da vard\u0131 o vaxtk\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara” iradlar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ndiki cavanlar\u0131n “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara” bir irad\u0131 da ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, onlar dissident olmay\u0131blar. D\u00fczd\u00fcr, bu irad daha \u00e7ox rus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259lir. \u0130ttiham ed\u0259nl\u0259r “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n” n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015f leqal \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259hsullar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 yasaq olunmu\u015f “Samizdat” m\u0259tnl\u0259rini \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131rlar. Bilm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259ri agah edim ki, “Samidat” y\u0259ni “\u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ap” adland\u0131r\u0131lan gizli n\u0259\u015frl\u0259r dar bir \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 Moskvada v\u0259 Leninqradda yay\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. T\u0259bii ki, el\u0259 bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 bel\u0259 yaz\u0131larla \u00e7ox c\u00fczi bir z\u00fcmr\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f ola bilirdi. Do\u011frudur, yasaq edilmi\u015f bir \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnya \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan bir s\u0131ra t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 o vaxt yaln\u0131z “Samizdat” n\u0259\u015frl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f ola bil\u0259rdin. “Samizdat” \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini he\u00e7 d\u0259 azaltmadan, dissidentl\u0259rin h\u00fcn\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00f6zm\u0259li olduqlar\u0131 \u0259zablar\u0131na sayq\u0131 duymaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r o h\u0259qiq\u0259ti d\u0259 etiraf etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m ki, bu m\u0259tnl\u0259rin sadalad\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n \u015f\u00fcurlara k\u00fctl\u0259vi t\u0259siri ola bilm\u0259zdi. \u0130ctimai \u015f\u00fcura t\u0259sir ed\u0259n m\u0259tbuatda \u00e7\u0131xan yaz\u0131lar idi. Rus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda da, milli \u0259d\u0259biyyatlarda da m\u0259hz h\u0259qiq\u0259t bar\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259ti \u0259ks etdir\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r sosrealizm deyil\u0259n psevdo\u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n bel s\u00fctununu q\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131na tutulan iradlardan biri d\u0259 budur ki, niy\u0259 sizin b\u0259zi rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kimi o vaxt \u00e7ap oluna bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k sand\u0131q yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z yoxdur ki, indi bunu \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xaras\u0131n\u0131z? \u018fvv\u0259la, bizim d\u0259 el\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z var v\u0259 onlar\u0131 m\u0259hz sensuras\u0131zl\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131q. \u0130kinci, imkan daxilind\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00e7atd\u0131ran \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin t\u0259sir g\u00fcc\u00fc sand\u0131qda qal\u0131b he\u00e7 k\u0259sin x\u0259b\u0259r tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259tnl\u0259rd\u0259n daha \u00f6n\u0259mli deyilmi? “\u018flyazmalar\u0131 yanm\u0131r” dey\u0259n (halbuki Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n otaqlar\u0131n\u0131 isitm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n\u0131 yand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131) Mixail Bulqakov \u00f6lm\u0259z roman\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. Amma sand\u0131qda qalm\u0131\u015f “Ustad v\u0259 Marqarita”dan daha \u00e7ox o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ictimai r\u0259yin\u0259 \u0130lya Erenburqun xatir\u0259l\u0259ri, Yevtu\u015fenkonun v\u0259 Voznesenskinin poeziyas\u0131 n\u00fcfuz edirdi. \u0130ndi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6vrd\u0259 bu m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r d\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa layiqli yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar kimi n\u0259inki k\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 qal\u0131r, h\u0259tta xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri nankorcas\u0131na inkar edilir. Unudurlar v\u0259 unutdurmaq ist\u0259yirl\u0259r ki, ictimai \u015f\u00fcura g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n bu adlar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00f6km\u0259n Yuri Trifonovun, Vasili \u015euk\u015finin, Vasil B\u0131kovun, \u00c7ingiz Aytmatovun, Viktori Astafyevin, Vasili Aksyonovun v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n da adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k vacibdir. “Ustad v\u0259 Marqarita” roman\u0131 is\u0259 oxuculara o vaxt \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ki, zaman art\u0131q d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015fdi. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri leqal \u00e7ap olunan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n c\u0259hdl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015fdi. Senzura yasaqlar\u0131n\u0131 adlay\u0131b ke\u00e7\u0259n \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q h\u0259qiq\u0259t saymaq insafdan deyil. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, qeyd-\u015f\u0259rtsiz tam h\u0259qiq\u0259t daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Amma buna he\u00e7 bir imkan verilm\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259, yar\u0131h\u0259qiq\u0259t h\u0259r halda a\u011f yalandan da, lal-dinm\u0259zlikd\u0259n d\u0259 daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda nec\u0259, s\u0131rf dissident \u0259d\u0259biyyat olubmu?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn dar m\u0259nas\u0131nda yox, olmay\u0131b. Sovet d\u00f6n\u0259minin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ill\u0259rind\u0259 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 dissident t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259ri olub, d\u0259rhal da \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. Amma bu m\u0259nada qurulu\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 asi olan dissident \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 olmay\u0131b. Lakin bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha geni\u015f anlamda – m\u00f6vcud ideoloji v\u0259 estetik \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0131\u011fmayan, rejimin b\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na qoydu\u011fu t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 bar\u0131\u015fmayan \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri – h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259k b\u0259dii s\u00f6z sah\u0259sind\u0259 deyil, musiqid\u0259, r\u0259ssaml\u0131qda, teatr v\u0259 kinoda, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, olub. Sovet ger\u00e7\u0259kliyinin plakatlarda t\u0259svir olundu\u011fu kimi yox, h\u0259qiqi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k el\u0259 dissidentlik idi. Bu anlamda h\u0259tta rus ictimai fikrind\u0259 d\u0259, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda da yaln\u0131z Soljenits\u0131n, Saxarov, Bukovski, Amalrik, \u015earanski, Ginzburq, qeneral Qriqorenko, Sergey Kovalyov deyil, yuxar\u0131da adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar da, Az\u0259rbaycanda B\u0259xtiyar Vahabzad\u0259, \u0130sa H\u00fcseynov, Sabir \u018fhm\u0259dov v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra ba\u015fqa m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r d\u0259 dissident say\u0131la bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq m\u0259nim\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 deyil, amma dem\u0259liy\u0259m ki, o ill\u0259rd\u0259 bizim publisist yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri y\u00fcks\u0259k k\u00fcrs\u00fcd\u0259n b\u0259yan edirdi ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda da Soljenits\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lib, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Anar. \u0130ndi m\u0259n bunu gecikmi\u015f zarafat v\u0259 layiq olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kompliment kimi q\u0259bul edir\u0259m, amma o vaxt bu, s\u0131rf siyasi donos idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat tariximizin \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mli c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259d\u0259n, Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259d\u0259n, Mirz\u0259 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Sabird\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n t\u0259nqidi, if\u015faedici istiqam\u0259t altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u015fah damar\u0131 oldu. V\u0259 el\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m sahibl\u0259rinin b\u0259zil\u0259ri \u015feytan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q, \u00e7u\u011fulluq ed\u0259r\u0259k bu t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259ri sovet qurulu\u015funa qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259xribat kimi t\u0259qdim edir, “laz\u0131mi yerl\u0259r\u0259” a\u00e7\u0131q, ya gizli donoslar verirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovet d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u00fckafatlar\u0131, f\u0259xri adlar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za qaxanlar, o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz-bi\u00e7isiz r\u0259smi basq\u0131lar\u0131ndan, ay\u0131q-say\u0131q partiya n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259n, amans\u0131z senzura istibdad\u0131ndan ba\u015fqa \u00f6z h\u0259mkarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u015feytan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsayd\u0131lar, b\u0259lk\u0259 bir az daha insafl\u0131 olard\u0131lar. Amma b\u0259xtimiz onda g\u0259tirmi\u015fdi ki, o vaxt Az\u0259rbaycana \u00f6z etiraf\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck dissident olan Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edirdi. Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyim \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bir fikri x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulamaq ist\u0259yir\u0259m. Tamamil\u0259 do\u011fru qeyd edir ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda dissident say\u0131la bil\u0259c\u0259k yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar sovet h\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda h\u0259qiq\u0259ti yaz\u0131rd\u0131lar. H\u0259qiq\u0259ti oldu\u011fu kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k is\u0259 sovet ideoloqlar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259yinc\u0259 qurulu\u015fu ittiham etm\u0259k dem\u0259kdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” n\u0259srinin \u0259n parlaq \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 adi insanlar idi, bunu is\u0259 o vaxt\u0131n ideoloji t\u0259nqidi sistem\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259xribat kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259tta altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lara m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fan m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r bel\u0259 bu \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259ki h\u0259yat h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rini me\u015f\u015fanl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar, halbuki personajlar\u0131m\u0131z me\u015f\u015fanlar yox, g\u00fcnd\u0259 rast g\u0259ldyimiz adi insanlar idi. Plakat q\u0259hr\u0259manlara al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f estetik bax\u0131\u015flar bunu he\u00e7 c\u00fcr qavraya bilmirdil\u0259r. B\u0259zi sital t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r is\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yaln\u0131z sosrealizm\u0259 zidd (bu, do\u011frudan da, bel\u0259 idi) m\u0259tnl\u0259r kimi yox, h\u0259m d\u0259 antisovet m\u0259tnl\u0259r kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar ki, bu art\u0131q siyasi donos idi. Biz insan\u0131n daxili al\u0259mini t\u0259svir etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131q, amma h\u0259tta yet\u0259rinc\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131ql\u0131 v\u0259 savadl\u0131 t\u0259nqid\u00e7i d\u0259 bunu mikrom\u00fchit\u0259, y\u0259ni ki\u00e7ik d\u00fcnyaya varmaq kimi qavray\u0131rd\u0131. Bel\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn MAKROM\u0130R, y\u0259ni b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00fcnya \u0259z\u0259m\u0259tli quruculuq i\u015fl\u0259ri, adi insani miqyaslara s\u0131\u011fmayan m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259r idi. Onlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Makromirin – b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00fcnyan\u0131n adi insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131, ail\u0259, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t, i\u015f probleml\u0259riyl\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u0259laq\u0259si yox idi. Q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q \u015f\u00fcca\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n, n\u0259h\u0259ng \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015fqa h\u0259r \u015fey onlar\u0131n g\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259 x\u0131rda\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q, ki\u00e7ik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 u\u011fra\u015fmaq dem\u0259kdi. Bizim personajlar adi s\u00f6zl\u0259rl\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar, amma ritorikaya v\u0259 pafosa al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oxucu bunlar\u0131 \u015fiv\u0259 kimi, l\u0259hc\u0259 kimi, ara dan\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi qavray\u0131rd\u0131. G\u0259r\u0259k on ill\u0259r ke\u00e7\u0259ydi ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar bizim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz kimi qavrans\u0131n. Amma el\u0259 bir d\u00f6vr g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 v\u0259 o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na h\u0259yat h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun t\u0259svirl\u0259r kimi q\u0259bul olunma\u011fa ba\u015flananda yeni peyda olmu\u015f yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar da bunlar\u0131 he\u00e7\u0259 sayma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar v\u0259 “\u0259d\u0259biyyat bizd\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r” – kimi \u0259sas\u0131 olmayan iddialarla \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etdil\u0259r. H\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 bu fikird\u0259 olmu\u015fam v\u0259 indi d\u0259 bu fikird\u0259y\u0259m ki, alt\u0131m\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131l d\u00f6vr\u00fc idi. Amma m\u0259hz iddial\u0131 v\u0259 inkar\u00e7\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin bu \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 he\u00e7\u0259 saymalar\u0131ndan r\u0259ncid\u0259 olaraq ilk d\u0259f\u0259 “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259r \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131l d\u00f6vr\u00fc idi, indi is\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131lca d\u00f6vr\u00fcd\u00fcr” demi\u015fdim. Q\u0131z\u0131lca u\u015faql\u0131q x\u0259st\u0259liyidir v\u0259 do\u011frudan da, b\u0259zi g\u0259ncl\u0259rin yaz\u0131lar\u0131 infantilizm, y\u0259ni u\u015faq oyunlar\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu s\u00f6zl\u0259rl\u0259 kimis\u0259 incitmi\u015f\u0259ms\u0259 ifad\u0259mi geri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr\u0259m. Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131 v\u0259 yetmi\u015finci ill\u0259r (faktiki olaraq bu iki on illik eyni estetik d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin t\u0259sdiq olundu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u00fcr. “Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” dey\u0259nd\u0259 yetmi\u015finci ill\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda \u00f6zl\u0259rini t\u0259sdiq etmi\u015fl\u0259r d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur). Do\u011frudur, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n “q\u0131z\u0131l d\u00f6vr\u00fc” sayma\u011f\u0131mda israrl\u0131yam, amma sonrak\u0131 s\u0259ks\u0259ninci, doxsan\u0131nc\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 XXI \u0259srd\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, \u015feird\u0259, n\u0259srd\u0259, dramaturgiyada, t\u0259nqidd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox d\u0259y\u0259rli \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da danm\u0131ram. Lakin t\u0259krar edir\u0259m “altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” (“yetmi\u015fincil\u0259r” d\u0259 daxil olmaqla) \u0259d\u0259biyyat tarixind\u0259 xronoloji anlay\u0131\u015f kimi yox, estetik m\u0259fhum kimi t\u0259sdiq olunub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259nb\u0259:\u00a0https:\/\/edebiyyatqazeti.az\/<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uzun zaman \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyim “Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar” v\u0259 son 60 ilin \u0259d\u0259bi h\u0259yat\u0131” kitab\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f\u0259m. Kitabdan bir par\u00e7an\u0131 oxuculara t\u0259qdim edir\u0259m. ANAR \u018fd\u0259biyyat saray\u0131n\u0131 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r v\u0259 yenilik\u00e7il\u0259r in\u015fa edir. \u018fn\u0259n\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r da\u015flar\u0131 yan-yana d\u00fcz\u00fcb \u00f6z\u00fcl yarad\u0131rlar. Yenilik\u00e7il\u0259r bu \u00f6z\u00fcl \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 da\u015flar\u0131 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 qoyub q\u00fcll\u0259 ucald\u0131rlar. Altm\u0131\u015f\u0131nc\u0131lar olub, olmay\u0131b? 60 il bundan qabaq “Az\u0259rbaycan” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n 1960, dekabr n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 iki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medeniyyat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=42910"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42910\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42918,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42910\/revisions\/42918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=42910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=42910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=42910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}