{"id":44769,"date":"2023-02-24T03:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=44769"},"modified":"2023-02-24T08:47:08","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T04:47:08","slug":"s%c9%99rvan%c9%99-dagtumas-xana-xana-oyununda-postmodernizm-s%c9%99n-olsan-intihar-ed%c9%99rdinmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=44769","title":{"rendered":"S\u0259rvan\u0259 DA\u011eTUMAS.&#8221;\u201cXana-xana oyunu\u201dnda postmodernizm: S\u0259n olsan, intihar ed\u0259rdinmi?&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/xulio_5d15ff698320e.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/xulio_5d15ff698320e-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44775\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Xulio Kortasar\u0131n \u201cXana-xana oyunu\u201d roman\u0131nda hadis\u0259l\u0259r 1950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 c\u0259r\u0259yan edir. Q\u0131rx ya\u015fl\u0131 argentinal\u0131 Horasio Oliveyra avar\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qla m\u0259\u015f\u011fuldur, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259ti yoxdur. Dostlar\u0131 il\u0259 (onlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini \u201c\u0130lanlar klubu\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rlar) ax\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 elmi, f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u00f6vzularda m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ke\u00e7irir. Oliveyra Buenos-Ayresd\u0259 ya\u015fayan z\u0259ngin qohumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi pulun hesab\u0131na Parisd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. Oliveyra xudbin, eqoist, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259qapanan, melanxolik, da\u015f\u00fcr\u0259kli bir insand\u0131r. Dostlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 yax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259zablar\u0131 onu q\u0131c\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131r, soyuqqanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ucbat\u0131ndan sevdiyi qad\u0131n\u0131 itirir, t\u0259nha qal\u0131r, s\u0259fill\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olur. Bu tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131q onu polis \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sin\u0259, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131na kimi apar\u0131r. \u00d6z v\u0259t\u0259nin\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunan Oliveyra s\u00fcrg\u00fcnd\u0259n qay\u0131td\u0131qdan sonra intihar hissin\u0259 qap\u0131l\u0131r. Roman\u0131n final\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q qal\u0131r. Oliveyran\u0131n taleyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259yi m\u00fc\u0259llif oxucunun ixtiyar\u0131na burax\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u00fcur ax\u0131n\u0131 var. Kitab\u0131n v\u0259r\u0259ql\u0259rinin bir qisminin sonu yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q tamamlan\u0131r. Dig\u0259r s\u0259hif\u0259 yeni s\u00fcjet\u0259 ke\u00e7ir. Bu, m\u00fc\u0259llifin \u00fcslubudur. Biz \u015f\u00fcur selini kontrol ed\u0259 bilm\u0259rik. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u015f\u00fcur selini q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alaraq, onu fiksasiya etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n h\u0259yat yox, t\u0259svir olunan h\u0259yat. Oldu\u011fu kimi yox, tamamil\u0259 qeyri-adi h\u0259yat. Bu, s\u00fcrrealizmd\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259lir. Oliveyra h\u0259yat\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn qavraya bilmir, h\u0259yatda g\u0259r\u0259k i\u015ftirak ed\u0259s\u0259n, m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7i yox, h\u0259yat\u0131n bilavasit\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olasan. Oliveyra z\u0259ngin obrazd\u0131r. Bu c\u00fcr obraz natamam qal\u0131r. Bir var, inki\u015faf etm\u0259yib, bir var inki\u015faf edib, bir d\u0259 var inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Oliveyra inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan obrazd\u0131r, insand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oliveyran\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201czeytun\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259lir. B\u0259s bunun k\u00f6k\u00fc hara gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r? \u0130sa M\u0259sih edam olunan gec\u0259 Hefsiman (Zeytun) ba\u011f\u0131nda nahardan sonra yat\u0131r. \u0130uda art\u0131q onu sat\u0131b. \u0130sa M\u0259sihi h\u0259bs edirl\u0259r v\u0259 edam olunur. Edam olunmam\u0131\u015fdan qabaq, sonuncu \u015fam yem\u0259yind\u0259 (\u201cGizli nahar\u201dda) \u0130sa M\u0259sih q\u0259mgin oturur. Pyotr (ad\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131 \u201cda\u015f\u201d) ondan soru\u015fur ki, niy\u0259 q\u0259mgins\u0259n? O, deyir ki, bu g\u00fcn s\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 3 d\u0259f\u0259 xoruz banlamam\u0131\u015f sizin biriniz m\u0259ni art\u0131q sat\u0131b, biriniz d\u0259 m\u0259nd\u0259n 3 d\u0259f\u0259 imtina ed\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Pyotr \u00e7ox t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u0259nir ki, s\u0259ni kim satar, s\u0259nd\u0259n kim imtina ed\u0259r? \u0130uda da \u0130sa M\u0259sihl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 oturub, ba\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, 30 sikk\u0259y\u0259 onu sat\u0131b. \u0130sa M\u0259sihd\u0259n 3 d\u0259f\u0259 imtina ed\u0259n d\u0259 Pyotr olur. O, Pyotra deyir ki, s\u0259n da\u015fsan (petrologiya-da\u015f haqq\u0131nda elm). H\u0259min da\u015f \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259b\u0259dimi quracam, o m\u0259b\u0259dd\u0259 s\u0259n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olacaqsan. S\u0259n yerd\u0259 n\u0259 ba\u011flasan, s\u0259mada da o ba\u011flanacaq. \u0130lk Papa 1-ci ke\u015fi\u015f Pyotr olur v\u0259 Romada onun kils\u0259si tikilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/publika.az\/storage\/2023\/02\/21\/isa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"705\" height=\"639\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 postmodernizmin bir s\u0131ra x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri var:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Termin s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, kleptomaniya. (\u201co\u011furluq\u201d x\u0259st\u0259liyi) Ola bilsin, hans\u0131sa q\u0259hr\u0259man bu x\u0259st\u0259likd\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u015e\u0259xs adlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxlu\u011fu-r\u0259ssamlar, yazarlar. M\u00fc\u0259llifin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259kd\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259di odur ki, d\u00fcnya o q\u0259d\u0259r darla\u015f\u0131b, o q\u0259d\u0259r uzaq g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259nl\u0259r yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131b ki, birin\u0259 d\u0259ys\u0259n, o biri \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259k. Bir t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r ki, \u0130sa M\u0259sihd\u0259n, onun \u00e7arm\u0131xa \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sind\u0259n, \u0130udan\u0131n satq\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dan\u0131\u015fanda qad\u0131nlar a\u011flama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Halbuki, \u0130sa M\u0259sihin iztirablar\u0131 2 min il bundan qabaq olub. Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011flama\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi o idi ki, 2 min il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259 bu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n da h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olub. Ke\u00e7mi\u015fl\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k bir-birin\u0259 z\u0259ncirvari ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 d\u0259 z\u0259ncirin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7i-c\u0259dv\u0259lin verilm\u0259si, labirint. Postmodernizmd\u0259 labirint anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 var. Labirint \u201cyolu gizl\u0259tm\u0259k\u201d dem\u0259kdir, d\u00fcz x\u0259tl\u0259 vers\u0259n, s\u0259ni m\u00fctl\u0259q g\u0259lib tapacaqlar. Labirinti m\u00fc\u0259llif ona g\u00f6r\u0259 verir ki, gizli-gizli, m\u00fc\u0259mmal\u0131 yax\u0131nla\u015fma yarad\u0131r ki, \u0259s\u0259rin gizli m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 duya bil\u0259k. \u201cXana-xana\u201d oyununun \u00f6z\u00fc labirintdir. Taba\u015firl\u0259 1-d\u0259n 100-\u0259 kimi \u00e7\u0259kirs\u0259n, da\u015f\u0131 at\u0131rsan, birini ke\u00e7din, ikisini, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc&#8230;.ke\u00e7din, ona kimi ke\u00e7m\u0259lis\u0259n. Ke\u00e7diyin yolu yenid\u0259n qay\u0131tmal\u0131san. M\u0259tni el\u0259 oxumaq laz\u0131md\u0131r, pill\u0259l\u0259ri ke\u00e7\u0259-ke\u00e7\u0259. Oliveyra da o \u201coyun\u201d u oynay\u0131r, amma pill\u0259l\u0259ri sona q\u0259d\u0259r ke\u00e7\u0259 bilmir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Xaos. \u00c7oxumuz bu xaosun i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc taba\u015fir tozunun hiss\u0259ciyi kimi hiss edirik. H\u0259yat\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc el\u0259 bir xaosdan ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. Pastij. Sitatlar\u0131n verilm\u0259si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. Oyun. H\u0259yat bir oyundur, s\u0259n d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131nla \u201cxana-xana\u201d oynay\u0131rsan, s\u0259n h\u0259yatda qar\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xan mane\u0259l\u0259ri f\u0259th edirs\u0259n, add\u0131m-add\u0131m f\u0259th edirs\u0259n. Biz h\u0259yat\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131r\u0131q, o oyundak\u0131 kimi geri qay\u0131d\u0131r\u0131q. H\u0259r bir hadis\u0259 dair\u0259vi formadad\u0131r. S\u0259n ona c\u0259hd edirs\u0259n, ke\u00e7irs\u0259n, yen\u0259 add\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n yer\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131rsan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/publika.az\/storage\/2023\/02\/21\/kort.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonra yenid\u0259n ayr\u0131 bir m\u0259qs\u0259d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259hd edirs\u0259n. S\u0259nin h\u0259yat\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u0259n ki, yen\u0259 bo\u015fluq var, yen\u0259 n\u0259s\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131r. S\u0259n yeni zirv\u0259ni f\u0259th edirs\u0259n, yen\u0259 d\u0259 doymursan, daha \u00e7ox ist\u0259yirs\u0259n. \u201cXana-xana\u201d oyunu da el\u0259dir. \u0130nsan insan olaraq, \u0259g\u0259r n\u0259d\u0259s\u0259 dayansa, o, art\u0131q dur\u011funlu\u011fa g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Buna staqnatsiya deyilir. Hans\u0131sa zirv\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131rsan, \u00e7atanda rahatla\u015f\u0131rsan, bundan sonra staqnatsiya ba\u015flay\u0131r. Staqnatsiyan\u0131n olmamas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni m\u0259qs\u0259din olmal\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259yat\u0131n monoton ke\u00e7m\u0259m\u0259lidir. \u018fs\u0259rin ba\u015f q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 Oliveyrada is\u0259 el\u0259 olmur. Oyun el\u0259 Oliveyran\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, bu oyun el\u0259 Kortasar\u0131n sevdiyi oyun idi. O, sevdiyi oyun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n h\u0259yat\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. Oliveyra ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259mi ba\u011fl\u0131 qal\u0131b, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259mi? Kortasar oxucuda suallar yarad\u0131r, oyunun mahiyy\u0259tini insan h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259rir, insan\u0131n h\u0259yat gedi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 \u201cxana-xana\u201d oyunu il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edir. S\u0259n qalib g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 yolun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259yirs\u0259n. S\u0259n onu f\u0259th etm\u0259s\u0259n, ir\u0259lil\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259zs\u0259n. Se\u00e7im s\u0259nin ixtiyar\u0131na verilib. H\u0259yatda se\u00e7im t\u0259sad\u00fcfidir, \u0259g\u0259r biz \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi kitab\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n ax\u0131ra q\u0259d\u0259r oxuyuruqsa, orada m\u0259ntiq, ideya, obrazlar sistemini axtar\u0131r\u0131qsa, m\u00fcasir h\u0259yat biz\u0259 bel\u0259 bir se\u00e7im vermir. Burada h\u0259r \u015fey t\u0259sad\u00fcfidir. S\u0259n ist\u0259s\u0259n, \u0259s\u0259rin ortas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarsan, ist\u0259s\u0259n sonundan. H\u0259tta final\u0131 da m\u00fc\u0259llif s\u0259nin ixtiyar\u0131na burax\u0131r. Hans\u0131 finalla \u0259s\u0259rin bitm\u0259yini s\u0259nin se\u00e7imin\u0259 burax\u0131r. Oliveyran\u0131n intihar\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rin sonunda qaranl\u0131q qal\u0131r. Oliveyra intihar etdimi? Bunu m\u00fc\u0259llif oxucunun ixtiyar\u0131na burax\u0131r. S\u0259n-oxucunu d\u0259v\u0259t edir, s\u0259ni o situasiyaya qoyur ki, oxucu, s\u0259n olsan n\u0259 ed\u0259rdin? S\u0259n olsan, intihar ed\u0259rdinmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u0259rvan\u0259 Da\u011ftumas, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u0259nb\u0259: <a href=\"https:\/\/publika.az\/\">https:\/\/publika.az\/<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xulio Kortasar\u0131n \u201cXana-xana oyunu\u201d roman\u0131nda hadis\u0259l\u0259r 1950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 c\u0259r\u0259yan edir. Q\u0131rx ya\u015fl\u0131 argentinal\u0131 Horasio Oliveyra avar\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qla m\u0259\u015f\u011fuldur, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259ti yoxdur. Dostlar\u0131 il\u0259 (onlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini \u201c\u0130lanlar klubu\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rlar) ax\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 elmi, f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u00f6vzularda m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ke\u00e7irir. Oliveyra Buenos-Ayresd\u0259 ya\u015fayan z\u0259ngin qohumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi pulun hesab\u0131na Parisd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. Oliveyra xudbin, eqoist, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259qapanan, melanxolik, da\u015f\u00fcr\u0259kli bir insand\u0131r. Dostlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 yax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44769"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44776,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44769\/revisions\/44776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}