{"id":50330,"date":"2026-01-12T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=50330"},"modified":"2026-01-12T12:19:52","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T08:19:52","slug":"ayt%c9%99n-eliyeva-sahmat-iki-m%c9%99d%c9%99niyy%c9%99tin-s%c9%99ssiz-mubariz%c9%99si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=50330","title":{"rendered":"Ayt\u0259n \u018fliyeva – \u015eahmat: iki m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin s\u0259ssiz m\u00fcbariz\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Stefan Sveyqin \u201c\u015eahmat\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri 1941-ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f psixoloji novellad\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rin hadis\u0259l\u0259ri Nyu-Yorkdan Buenos-Ayres\u0259 ged\u0259n bir g\u0259mid\u0259 ba\u015f verir. Burada iki f\u0259rqli insan qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r: d\u00fcnya \u015fahmat \u00e7empionu<\/a> Mirko \u00c7entovi\u00e7 v\u0259 avstriyal\u0131 h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas Doktor B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u00c7entovi\u00e7 kobud, cahil, ancaq instinktiv olaraq g\u00fccl\u00fc bir \u015fahmat\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Doktor is\u0259 fa\u015fistl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259bs olunmu\u015f, uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t t\u0259k kamerada saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ziyal\u0131d\u0131r. O, t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n bir \u015fahmat kitab\u0131 tap\u0131r v\u0259 zehni sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu kitab \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Lakin t\u0259kliyin v\u0259 davaml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259nin t\u0259siri il\u0259 o, \u00f6z daxilind\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 oynama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 bu, onu ruhi sars\u0131nt\u0131ya g\u0259tirir. G\u0259mid\u0259 \u00c7entovi\u00e7l\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131qda Doktor onunla \u015fahmat oynamal\u0131 olur. \u0130lk partiyada onu udur, lakin ikinci oyunda ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ruhi travma yenid\u0259n canlan\u0131r v\u0259 o, d\u0259rin sars\u0131nt\u0131 ke\u00e7irir. \u018fs\u0259r Doktorun \u015fahmat\u0131 t\u0259rk etm\u0259si il\u0259 bitir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201c\u015eahmat\u201d insan ruhunun sars\u0131lmas\u0131, t\u0259crid, azadl\u0131q v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi d\u0259rin m\u00f6vzular \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulub. Stefan Sveyq g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, insan\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259sir edil\u0259 bil\u0259r, amma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si v\u0259 ruhu azad qal\u0131r. H\u0259bsxanada t\u0259k qalan Doktor \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015fahmat h\u0259m xilas, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259hv vasit\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Bu oyun bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sini qoruyur, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 onu \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 bo\u011fur. \u018fn \u0259sas m\u00f6vzu is\u0259 \u201cm\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t h\u00f6vz\u0259si\u201d m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sidir. Bel\u0259 ki, co\u011frafi m\u00fchit s\u00f6z\u00fc ged\u0259n insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda da m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan Doktor y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t h\u00f6vz\u0259sinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259sidir. O, Avstriyan\u0131n ziyal\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sin\u0259 m\u0259nsub, h\u00fcquq t\u0259hsilli, kitablarla, tarixl\u0259, s\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 il\u0259 ya\u015fayan bir insand\u0131r. Onun d\u00fcnyas\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259viyyat, bilik v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulub. Fa\u015fistl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259bs olunduqdan sonra bel\u0259 o, m\u0259d\u0259ni yadda\u015f\u0131n\u0131, intellektual \u00e7evr\u0259sini qoruyur. H\u0259bsxanada t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n tapd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fahmat kitab\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 bir oyun kimi deyil, bir m\u0259d\u0259ni f\u0259aliyy\u0259t, y\u0259ni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin, z\u0259kan\u0131n, insan a\u011fl\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul edir. \u015eahmat onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn intellektual m\u00fchitin davam\u0131d\u0131r, o, orada \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259ni kimliyini qoruyur. Dem\u0259li, Doktor Avropa humanizminin, klassik t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan bir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t h\u00f6vz\u0259sin\u0259 m\u0259xsusdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 \u00c7entovi\u00e7l\u0259 v\u0259 Doktor iki zidd q\u00fctb\u00fc t\u0259msil edir: biri mexaniki z\u0259kad\u0131r, dig\u0259ri ruhun v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259rinliyin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7entovi\u00e7l\u0259 b\u0259sit v\u0259 cahil olsa da, instinktiv olaraq oyunda g\u00fccl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Doktor is\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni, bilikli, lakin ruhi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n yaral\u0131 bir insand\u0131r. Bu qar\u015f\u0131durma a\u011f\u0131l v\u0259 ruh, b\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259sini \u0259ks etdirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u00c7entovi\u00e7 is\u0259 bunun \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin k\u0259nar\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015f, b\u0259sit bir sosial-m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fchitin yetirm\u0259sidir. O, k\u0259ndli ail\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b, t\u0259sad\u00fcf n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fahmatda istedad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, lakin m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n kasad qalm\u0131\u015f bir insand\u0131r. Onun t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fc mexanikidir. O, oyunu hissl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259 oynay\u0131r, amma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 v\u0259 d\u0259rinlik yoxdur. O, kitab oxumur, dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131, t\u0259hlil etm\u0259yi bacarm\u0131r, yaln\u0131z udmaq ist\u0259yir. Y\u0259ni \u00c7entovi\u00e7 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259n k\u0259nar bir varl\u0131qd\u0131r – onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015fahmat s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 deyil, sad\u0259c\u0259 instinkt v\u0259 qazanmaq vasit\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Bel\u0259c\u0259, \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 iki m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t h\u00f6vz\u0259si toqqu\u015fur. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259, bilik, m\u0259n\u0259vi z\u0259nginlik, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 is\u0259 ibtidai, maddi v\u0259 instinktiv ya\u015fam t\u0259rzi dayan\u0131r. Doktor zehni v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin, \u00c7entovi\u00e7 is\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 instinkt s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015f \u201cantim\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u201d simvoludur. Bu qar\u015f\u0131durma Stefan Sveyqin \u0259s\u0259rin d\u0259rin ideyalar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir: m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t insan\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, t\u0259crid v\u0259 c\u0259hal\u0259t is\u0259 onu m\u0259hv edir. Doktor m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insan\u0131n n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ucald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00c7entovi\u00e7 is\u0259 ondan uzaq d\u00fc\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 nec\u0259 \u201cbo\u015f qab\u0131\u011fa\u201d \u00e7evrildiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Y\u0259ni \u201c\u015eahmat\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t h\u00f6vz\u0259si anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z f\u0259rdl\u0259rin f\u0259rqini deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki s\u0259viyy\u0259sini – m\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259 maddi al\u0259min toqqu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u018fs\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fahmat l\u00f6vh\u0259si h\u0259yat\u0131n r\u0259mzidir. Qara v\u0259 a\u011f fiqurlar yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131qla \u015f\u0259rin, azadl\u0131qla \u0259sar\u0259tin, a\u011f\u0131l il\u0259 instinktin qar\u015f\u0131durmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Sveyqin dili sakit, lakin g\u0259rgin emosional y\u00fckl\u0259 doludur. O, insan \u015f\u00fcurunun d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rin\u0259 en\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259cridin, qorxunun v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131l\u0131n inc\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini t\u0259svir edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u018fs\u0259rin ideyas\u0131 budur ki, insan\u0131n ruhunu m\u0259hv etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259d\u0259nini z\u0259ncirl\u0259m\u0259k kifay\u0259t deyil; onu t\u0259crid edib d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qapadanda insan \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259li olma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Lakin yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 eyni zamanda bildirir ki, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sars\u0131lmazd\u0131r. \u0130nsan b\u0259z\u0259n a\u011fl\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 m\u0259hbus olsa da, onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n son qalas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u201c\u015eahmat\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri t\u0259kc\u0259 bir oyun haqq\u0131nda deyil, insan\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, z\u0259kas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcdudlar\u0131 v\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda d\u0259rin f\u0259ls\u0259fi bir hekay\u0259dir. Bu \u0259s\u0259r XX \u0259sr Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda psixoloji realizmin \u0259n parlaq n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Nax\u00e7\u0131van D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetini<\/strong> \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan dili v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llimliyi\u201d ixtisas\u0131 III kurs t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259nb\u0259: https:\/\/edebiyyat.az\/<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stefan Sveyqin \u201c\u015eahmat\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri 1941-ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f psixoloji novellad\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rin hadis\u0259l\u0259ri Nyu-Yorkdan Buenos-Ayres\u0259 ged\u0259n bir g\u0259mid\u0259 ba\u015f verir. Burada iki f\u0259rqli insan qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r: d\u00fcnya \u015fahmat \u00e7empionu Mirko \u00c7entovi\u00e7 v\u0259 avstriyal\u0131 h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas Doktor B.   \u00c7entovi\u00e7 kobud, cahil, ancaq instinktiv olaraq g\u00fccl\u00fc bir \u015fahmat\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Doktor is\u0259 fa\u015fistl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259bs olunmu\u015f, uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t t\u0259k kamerada saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ziyal\u0131d\u0131r. O, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50330"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50344,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50330\/revisions\/50344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}