{"id":51529,"date":"2026-06-14T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=51529"},"modified":"2026-06-14T11:57:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T07:57:08","slug":"konul-nuriyeva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=51529","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6n\u00fcl NUR\u0130YEVA.”Hubris”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u018fd\u0259biyyat Portal\u0131n\u0131n C\u018fNUB B\u00fcrosunun R\u0259hb\u0259ri<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Hubris” q\u0259dim yunan dilind\u0259 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q t\u0259k\u0259bb\u00fcr v\u0259  lov\u011fal\u0131q m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f sad\u0259c\u0259 adi lov\u011fal\u0131q deyil; insan\u0131n \u00f6z imkanlar\u0131n\u0131, statusunu v\u0259 ya g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q \u015fi\u015fird\u0259r\u0259k taley\u0259 meydan oxumas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lahi qanunlara v\u0259 ilahi nizama meydan oxuma\u011f\u0131 m\u0259hz “hubris” sindromuna yaxalananlar bacar\u0131r. Bu, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli bir x\u0259st\u0259likdir. \u0130\u015fin pis t\u0259r\u0259fi odur ki, bu x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 tutulan adam v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini d\u0259rk etmir. Ba\u015fqalar\u0131 bunu ona s\u00f6yl\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr, \u00f6z v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin reall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259mir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik d\u00f6vrd\u0259 hubris \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan biri hesab olunurdu. Bu, bir insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tanr\u0131larla b\u0259rab\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259si m\u0259nas\u0131na g\u0259lirdi. Bel\u0259 insanlar tale yollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdikl\u0259rini deyirdil\u0259r. Lakin bu b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u00fcqutun s\u0259b\u0259bi idi. Herman Melvil v\u0259 onun \u201cMobi Dik\u201d \u0259s\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l, q\u0259dim yunan mifini xat\u0131rlatma\u011f\u0131m nahaq deyil. Oxucu “Bu iki m\u00f6vzu aras\u0131nda hans\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 ola bil\u0259r?” sual\u0131na ir\u0259lid\u0259 cavab tapacaq.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atas\u0131n\u0131n x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u0259h\u0259l qoymayaraq, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 v\u0259 qanadlar\u0131na h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q g\u00fcv\u0259nib g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u0131n u\u00e7an, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 mumdan haz\u0131rlanan qanadlar\u0131 \u0259riy\u0259r\u0259k d\u0259niz\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n \u0130kar\u0131n hekay\u0259si \u0259n u\u011furlu hubris n\u00fcmun\u0259sidir. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 Melvil bu \u0259satird\u0259n ilhamlanaraq \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur kapitan\u0131n\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r Herman Melvili \u201c\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc insanlardan t\u0259crid etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259nizd\u0259 gizl\u0259n\u0259n \u201cyaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tan\u0131nmayan v\u0259 qiym\u0259ti bilinm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259d\u0259bi simalara aid edirl\u0259r. \u00c7oxlu monoqrafiyas\u0131, elmi-t\u0259dqiqat ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131, m\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 publisistik yaz\u0131lar\u0131 olsa da, \u0259d\u0259bi taleyi uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f qal\u0131b. Az\u0259rbaycan oxucusu is\u0259 onu, dem\u0259k olar ki, tan\u0131m\u0131r. C\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259n tamamil\u0259 t\u0259crid olunmu\u015f bu yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 XIX \u0259sr Amerika \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli v\u0259 universal simalar\u0131ndan biri, d\u00fcnya \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tli “Mobi Dik” roman\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifidir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H. Melvil Nyu-Yorkda, varl\u0131 bir tacir ail\u0259sind\u0259 do\u011fulub. Lakin atas\u0131n\u0131n erk\u0259n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc v\u0259 ail\u0259nin m\u00fcflisl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si onun t\u0259hsilini yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qoymas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olub. G\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n ail\u0259sini doland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131b, sonda is\u0259 taleyini d\u0259nizl\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131b. 1839-cu ild\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 bir ticar\u0259t g\u0259misi il\u0259 Liverpula yollan\u0131b. 1841-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 “Akushnet” adl\u0131 balina ovlayan g\u0259miy\u0259 qo\u015fulub v\u0259 Sakit okeana s\u0259f\u0259r edib. O, g\u0259mid\u0259ki a\u011f\u0131r \u015f\u0259rait\u0259 d\u00f6zm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k Markiz adalar\u0131na qa\u00e7\u0131b v\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t adamyey\u0259n q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rin (Taypi q\u0259bil\u0259si) aras\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131b. Bu d\u0259niz t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si v\u0259 qeyri-adi mac\u0259ralar onun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 karyeras\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259sini qoyub.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonralar maddi probleml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fcz 19 il Nyu-York G\u00f6mr\u00fck \u0130dar\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yib v\u0259 art\u0131q 1866-c\u0131 ild\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qla aktiv m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmay\u0131b. 1867-ci ild\u0259 Melvilin b\u00f6y\u00fck o\u011flu t\u0259sad\u00fcf n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcll\u0259 il\u0259 vurur, bundan sonra ata i\u00e7ki alud\u0259\u00e7isin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Ail\u0259sind\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq depressiya, k\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259 b\u0259db\u0259xtlikl\u0259r ya\u015fanan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ikinci o\u011flu da g\u0259nc ya\u015fda v\u0259fat edir. 1891-ci ild\u0259 o, tamamil\u0259 unudulmu\u015f bir g\u00f6mr\u00fck m\u00fcf\u0259tti\u015fi kimi, yoxsulluq i\u00e7ind\u0259 bu d\u00fcnyayla vidala\u015f\u0131r. Onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n ill\u0259r sonra yenid\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edilmi\u015fdir v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn Melvil Amerika \u0130ntibah\u0131n\u0131n zirv\u0259si hesab olunur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Melvil ilk romanlar\u0131 olan “Taypi”ni 1846-c\u0131 ild\u0259, “Omu”nu is\u0259 1847\u2013ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131r. Oxucular onu ekzotik adalar\u0131n d\u0259niz\u00e7isi v\u0259 mac\u0259ra yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi sevs\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, o, sad\u0259c\u0259 mac\u0259ra yazmaq ist\u0259mirdi; ruhu daha d\u0259rin, f\u0259ls\u0259fi v\u0259 psixoloji m\u00f6vzulara can at\u0131rd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Mobi Dik, yaxud A\u011f Balina” (1851) \u2014 Herman Melvilin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zirv\u0259si, d\u00fcnya \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. \u0130lk bax\u0131\u015fdan d\u0259nizd\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n bir mac\u0259ra roman\u0131 kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u0259 d\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259 insan ruhunun d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rin\u0259, tale, xeyir v\u0259 \u015f\u0259r m\u0259fhumlar\u0131na i\u015f\u0131q tutan \u0259s\u0259rdir. Kitab i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u0259nd\u0259 t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r v\u0259 oxucular t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n he\u00e7 anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid olundu. Bu u\u011fursuzluq Melvilin maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 roman yenid\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edildi. Psixologiyan\u0131n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Freyd v\u0259 Yunqun \u015f\u00fcuralt\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131, romandak\u0131 simvollar\u0131n v\u0259 insan psixikas\u0131n\u0131n qaranl\u0131q qatlar\u0131n\u0131n daha d\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259rk edilm\u0259sin\u0259 yol a\u00e7d\u0131. “Mobi Dik” \u2014 insan\u0131n kainat qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 acizliyini, lakin eyni zamanda onun daxili irad\u0259sinin v\u0259 \u00fcsyan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n \u0259s\u0259rdir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Melvil “Mobi Dik”d\u0259 klassik roman \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Kitabda b\u0259dii t\u0259hkiy\u0259 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, balina ovunun texniki t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri, d\u0259niz biologiyas\u0131 (setologiya), balina piyinin \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 prosesi geni\u015f v\u0259 ensiklopedik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259svir olunur. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u015eekspir dramaturgiyas\u0131ndan, \u0130ncil motivl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 q\u0259dim yunan faci\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k uzun monoloqlar v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259fi essel\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 m\u0259tni z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdir. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n roman b\u0259z\u0259n b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox, f\u0259ls\u0259fi traktat\u0131 xat\u0131rlad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fs\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n on \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin oxunan kitablar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131na aiddir. T\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r onu “q\u0259rib\u0259 roman” adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00fcnki janr t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259d\u0259n yaz\u0131l\u0131b. 135 f\u0259sild\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan kitabda m\u00fc\u0259llifin yaz\u0131 \u00fcslubunun, texnikas\u0131n\u0131n, m\u0259tnin qurulu\u015funun v\u0259 n\u0259qletm\u0259 zaman\u0131 ah\u0259nginin q\u0259fil pozulmas\u0131yla f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Kamran N\u0259zirli m\u00fc\u0259llifin eyniadl\u0131 kitab\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zd\u0259 qeyd edir ki, bir f\u0259sild\u0259 d\u0259nizd\u0259ki t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259td\u0259n s\u00f6hb\u0259t gedirs\u0259, dig\u0259r f\u0259sild\u0259 balinalar\u0131n t\u0259snifat\u0131 oxucuya t\u0259qdim olunur. G\u0259mi h\u0259yat\u0131 gah monoloq v\u0259 dialoqlarla, gah da f\u0259ls\u0259fi s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259nir. Quru elmi m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259r, aray\u0131\u015f xarakterli s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin icmal\u0131, sitatlar, balina ovu s\u0259nayesinin t\u0259fsilatlar\u0131, f\u0259ls\u0259fi prit\u00e7alar \u2014 ilk bax\u0131\u015fdan sistemsiz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, lakin mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 t\u0259x\u0259yy\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259ntiqi n\u0259tic\u0259sidir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamran N\u0259zirli daha sonra qeyd edir ki, roman\u0131  q\u0259rib\u0259 ed\u0259n bir c\u0259h\u0259t d\u0259 onun \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi ba\u015f q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Universal h\u0259qiq\u0259t axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sona q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif obrazlarla davam edir. Ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 iki t\u0259r\u0259fli baxmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r: biri \u015f\u00fcur, dig\u0259ri materiya hadis\u0259si kimi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPekod\u201d adl\u0131 g\u0259mi m\u00fc\u0259llifin g\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 Amerikad\u0131r, ki\u00e7ildilmi\u015f bir d\u00fcnya modelidir. G\u0259mid\u0259ki r\u0259ngar\u0259ng hey\u0259t b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259ti, g\u0259minin taleyi is\u0259 kor v\u0259 t\u0259k\u0259bb\u00fcrl\u00fc bir r\u0259hb\u0259rin arxas\u0131nca f\u0259lak\u0259t\u0259 ged\u0259n insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n simvoludur. Roman Kapitan Ahab\u0131n onun aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qoparm\u0131\u015f n\u0259h\u0259ng A\u011f Balinan\u0131n \u2014 Mobi Dikin arxas\u0131nca d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n b\u0259hs edir. Kapitan\u0131 qisas almaq c\u0259hdi yand\u0131r\u0131b-qovurur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roman\u0131n s\u00fcjeti g\u0259nc d\u0259niz\u00e7i \u0130\u015fmaelin dilind\u0259n n\u0259ql olunur. G\u0259minin kapitan\u0131 Ahab is\u0259 monomanik bir ehtirasla, obsessiya il\u0259 doludur. Onun h\u0259yatda t\u0259k bir m\u0259qs\u0259di var: onun b\u0259d\u0259nini \u015fik\u0259st etmi\u015f \u0259fsan\u0259vi A\u011f Balinan\u0131 tap\u0131b \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k. Kapitan Ahab \u00f6z daxili intiqam hissi il\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0259mi hey\u0259tini bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl v\u0259 l\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f s\u0259yah\u0259t\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u0259yir. Kitab\u0131n son hiss\u0259sind\u0259 onun v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti romandan g\u0259tirdiyimiz bu s\u0259tirl\u0259rd\u0259 ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr: “Pekod” o q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u0131na g\u0259ldi ki, Ahab sudan s\u0259sl\u0259ndi:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Kursu… \u2013 kapitan s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ax\u0131rad\u0259k dey\u0259 bilm\u0259di v\u0259 Mobi-Dikd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n iri dal\u011fa z\u0259rb\u0259si onun ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259z etdi. Lakin Ahab yen\u0259 suyun \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xa bildi v\u0259 q\u0131\u015fq\u0131rd\u0131:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 D\u00fcz balinan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 gedin! Onu qovun buradan!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Pekod” iti burnunu d\u00f6nd\u0259rdi v\u0259 sehrli dair\u0259ni yar\u0131b A\u011f balinan\u0131 qurbanlar\u0131ndan uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131. Balina s\u0259rt \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fcb getdi, velbotlar yolda\u015flar\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259sdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131mcan, qulaqlar\u0131 tutulmu\u015f, a\u011f duza b\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 d\u0259rin \u015f\u0131r\u0131mlara d\u00fc\u00e7ar olmu\u015f Ahab\u0131 Stab\u0131n velbotuna dart\u0131b \u00e7\u0131xartd\u0131lar; bel\u0259c\u0259, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn fiziki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn uzun g\u0259rginliyi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rdi; o, \u00f6z b\u0259d\u0259n z\u0259ifliyinin g\u00fccs\u00fcz qurban\u0131 olmu\u015fdu; bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t velbotun bortunda h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tsiz v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fc kimi uzan\u0131b qald\u0131; sanki, fil s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ayaqlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Sin\u0259sind\u0259n qopan sirli iniltil\u0259r, sanki, hans\u0131sa ma\u011faran\u0131n dibind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n bo\u011fuq s\u0259sl\u0259ri xat\u0131rlad\u0131rd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lakin onun bay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n uzun \u00e7\u0259km\u0259sinin \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259s\u0259r oldu; b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcr\u0259kl\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn x\u0131rda iztirab v\u0259 sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n m\u0259cmusunu bir an\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 k\u0259skin a\u011fr\u0131yla qar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131r; z\u0259if adamlar is\u0259 bu a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu \u00e7\u0259kir, da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu \u00fcr\u0259kl\u0259r h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 y\u00fcng\u00fclvari a\u011fr\u0131sa da, bir\u0259srlik k\u0259d\u0259r y\u0131\u011f\u0131b toplay\u0131rlar; bu k\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259 a\u011fr\u0131lar d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z an v\u0259 d\u0259qiq\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olur; xeyirxah \u00fcr\u0259kl\u0259rd\u0259 bunlar\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259z n\u00f6qt\u0259sini daha geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259n \u015fey yoxdur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Harpun, \u2013 Ahab dirs\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k dill\u0259ndi. \u2013 Harpuna bir \u015fey olmay\u0131b ki?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Yox, ser, ax\u0131 onu tullamam\u0131\u015f\u0131q! Budur, buradad\u0131r, \u2013 Stab cavab verdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Onu m\u0259nim yan\u0131ma qoyun! Adamlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 salamatd\u0131r?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Bir, iki, \u00fc\u00e7, d\u00f6rd, be\u015f… Be\u015f n\u0259f\u0259r idiniz, ser, burada da be\u015f n\u0259f\u0259r var!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Yax\u015f\u0131. K\u00f6m\u0259k el\u0259 qalx\u0131m! Bax bel\u0259! H\u0259, m\u0259n onu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u0259m! Odur! Odur e! K\u00fcl\u0259k istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 gedir! F\u0259vvar\u0259sin\u0259 bax onun! \u018flini \u00e7\u0259k m\u0259nd\u0259n! Qoca Ahab\u0131n s\u00fcm\u00fckl\u0259rinin \u015fir\u0259si yenid\u0259n qaynay\u0131r! Yelk\u0259nl\u0259ri qoyun! Avarlar! \u00c7\u0259kin avarlar\u0131! C\u0259ld, s\u00fckan arxas\u0131na!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fs\u0259rd\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fcm bu ki\u00e7ik hiss\u0259d\u0259 kapitan\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z bir m\u0259ram\u0131 oldu\u011fu m\u0259lum olur. O a\u011f balinan\u0131 tapmal\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259lidir. Fiziki hal\u0131 buna imkan vers\u0259 d\u0259, verm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259 hikk\u0259 onun b\u00fct\u00fcn ruhunu b\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif \u0259s\u0259rin bu hiss\u0259sind\u0259 insan psixologiyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rin qatlar\u0131na ged\u0259r\u0259k z\u0259if adamlar\u0131n adi sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r q\u0259bul etdiyini diqq\u0259timiz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r. O bu s\u0259hn\u0259d\u0259 kapitan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc intiqam hikk\u0259sin\u0259 qurban verm\u0259sini z\u0259iflik kimi diqq\u0259timiz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mobi Dik is\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 bir d\u0259niz heyvan\u0131 deyil. Balina \u2014 t\u0259bi\u0259tin kor, ramolunmaz g\u00fcc\u00fc, taleyin qa\u00e7\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llif bu mesaj\u0131 biz\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k dem\u0259k ist\u0259yir ki, b\u0259z\u0259n Tanr\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rkolunmaz irad\u0259sini, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 insan\u0131n daxilind\u0259ki gizli \u015f\u0259ri bir balina il\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. Kapitan Ahab is\u0259 insan\u0131n t\u0259k\u0259bb\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, q\u00fcrurunu v\u0259 yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015fa qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcsyan\u0131n\u0131, y\u0259ni “hubris”i t\u0259msil edir. O, taley\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n daha uca g\u00fccl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u015f \u0259ym\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n, lakin bu yolda h\u0259m \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131lar\u0131 kor-koran\u0259 m\u0259hv\u0259 aparan irad\u0259nin r\u0259mzidir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diqq\u0259timi \u0259s\u0259r boyu hubrisin bariz t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan Ahab c\u0259lb edib. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu yaz\u0131da daha \u00e7ox onun \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 dayanm\u0131\u015fam. \u018fg\u0259r yunan mifologiyas\u0131nda \u0130kar t\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 ziyan vururdusa, Ahab b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0259mi hey\u0259tini m\u0259hv\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u0259yir. Balinan\u0131 tap\u0131b \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259kl\u0259 onun aya\u011f\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lki hal\u0131na qay\u0131tmayacaq; Ahab bunu d\u0259rk etmir, o, sa\u00e7\u0131ndan d\u0131rna\u011f\u0131na kimi kibrl\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcb. Onun d\u0259nizin g\u00f6z\u0259lliyind\u0259n, s\u0259f\u0259rin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsuslu\u011fundan x\u0259b\u0259ri yoxdur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fmael is\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259ri k\u0259nardan izl\u0259y\u0259n soyuqqanl\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259 f\u0259lak\u0259td\u0259n sa\u011f qalan yegan\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsdir. O, bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli q\u0259zadan xilas olaraq ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259ri g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259ql ed\u0259n yegan\u0259 “\u015fahid” rolunu oynay\u0131r. \u0130\u015fmael m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada Melvilin \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Melvil a\u011f r\u0259ng m\u00f6vzusunu geni\u015fl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k, \u00f6l\u0259n adam\u0131n sif\u0259tind\u0259ki a\u011fl\u0131qdan v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin bu r\u0259ng qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duydu\u011fu f\u00f6vq\u0259lt\u0259bii qorxudan b\u0259hs edir. Romanda deyildiyi kimi:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“…Meyitin m\u0259rm\u0259r a\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yaranan d\u0259h\u015f\u0259ti gizl\u0259d\u0259 bilmirik; el\u0259 bil, onun simas\u0131ndak\u0131 a\u011fl\u0131q bayram edir v\u0259 biz\u0259 o d\u00fcnyan\u0131n v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn qorxunc r\u0259ngini g\u00f6st\u0259rir… S\u00fcdr\u0259ngli duman i\u00e7ind\u0259n insan\u0131n qaba\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xan, onun g\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n kabuslar da a\u011f r\u0259ngd\u0259 olur… Bel\u0259likl\u0259, insan\u0131 a\u011f r\u0259ngl\u0259 n\u0259 kimi ali v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 ideyalar ba\u011flasa da, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada he\u00e7 k\u0259s inkar ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z ki, \u00e7ox m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m v\u0259 t\u0259miz g\u00f6rk\u0259mind\u0259 a\u011fl\u0131q insan q\u0259lbind\u0259 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 qeyri-adi qarabasmalar do\u011furur.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif \u201crekviem\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 d\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k vur\u011fulay\u0131r ki, adi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 a\u011f k\u00f6p\u0259kbal\u0131\u011f\u0131na xas olan o \u00f6l\u00fc a\u011fl\u0131q, q\u00fctb ay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259riyl\u0259 tamamil\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. K\u00f6p\u0259kbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n frans\u0131z dilind\u0259ki ad\u0131nda da bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Katolikl\u0259r \u00f6l\u00fc duas\u0131 m\u0259rasimin\u0259 bu s\u00f6zl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rlar: “Requiem aeternam” \u2014 y\u0259ni, “\u0259b\u0259di dinclik” (\u0259b\u0259di \u00f6l\u00fcm). M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 sonradan b\u00fct\u00fcn messa ibad\u0259ti v\u0259 d\u0259fn musiqisi “Rekviem” adlanma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlar is\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259, bu canl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc hiyl\u0259g\u0259rlik v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 k\u00f6p\u0259kbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 “Requin” adland\u0131r\u0131blar.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albatrosun, y\u0259ni d\u0259niz f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 qu\u015funun mistik g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi d\u0259 onun bu heyranedici, sirli a\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. F\u00f6vq\u0259lt\u0259bii bir k\u0259d\u0259r\u0259 b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bu qu\u015fu yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6z g\u00f6zl\u0259riyl\u0259 d\u0259nizd\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. O deyirdi ki, sanki bu qu\u015fun g\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259 Yarad\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 gizli bir hakimlik, bir r\u0259qiblik iddias\u0131 var. Vaxtil\u0259 \u0130brahim pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r ilahi m\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nec\u0259 ba\u015f \u0259yibs\u0259, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 da bu b\u0259yaz varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda el\u0259c\u0259 ba\u015f \u0259ydiyini etiraf edir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBununla bel\u0259, el\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259k olar ki, a\u011fl\u0131q A\u011f at v\u0259 albatros kimi sirli v\u0259 cazib\u0259li q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 malik deyil. B\u0259s albinosun xarici g\u00f6rk\u0259mi n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bizi bel\u0259 q\u0131c\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131r, onu \u00f6z do\u011fma v\u0259 yax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 bel\u0259 m\u0259nfur ed\u0259n n\u0259dir? Bax el\u0259 h\u0259min o a\u011fl\u0131q! O a\u011fl\u0131q ki h\u0259m ad\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcyl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r! Albinos he\u00e7 d\u0259 o biril\u0259rind\u0259n pis deyil \u2013 onda he\u00e7 bir eyb\u0259c\u0259rlik bilinmir \u2013 bununla bel\u0259, n\u00fcfuzedici a\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onu \u0259n d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli b\u0259dheyb\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259 pis varl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evirmi\u015fdir. S\u0259b\u0259b n\u0259dir?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015fqa aspektd\u0259n baxaq: canl\u0131 t\u0259bi\u0259tin \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 sezil\u0259n v\u0259 \u00e7ox da ziyan g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259n t\u0259zah\u00fcrl\u0259rind\u0259, do\u011frudan da, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t do\u011furan bu idbar\u0131n xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n yararlanm\u0131r. A\u011f qar zirehin\u0259 b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f C\u0259nub sular\u0131n\u0131n kabusu da m\u0259hz qar g\u00f6rk\u0259mind\u0259 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 “A\u011f f\u0131rt\u0131na” ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin \u00e7ox\u0259srlik t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si d\u0259 bu r\u0259ngin f\u00f6vq\u0259lt\u0259bii x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 b\u0259zi \u015feyl\u0259rd\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verir; m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, biz \u00f6l\u0259n adam\u0131n sif\u0259tin\u0259 baxark\u0259n duydu\u011fumuz qorxu hissini, meyitin m\u0259rm\u0259r a\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yaranan d\u0259h\u015f\u0259ti gizl\u0259d\u0259 bilmirik; el\u0259 bil, onun simas\u0131ndak\u0131 a\u011fl\u0131q bayram edir v\u0259 biz\u0259 o d\u00fcnyan\u0131n v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn qorxunc r\u0259ngini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u00d6lm\u00fc\u015f adamlar\u0131n a\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan biz\u0259 a\u011f \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259r verilir v\u0259 biz d\u0259 h\u0259min bu a\u011f \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259rl\u0259 onlar\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck. S\u00fcdr\u0259ngli duman i\u00e7ind\u0259n insan\u0131n qaba\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xan, onun g\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n kabuslar da a\u011f r\u0259ngd\u0259 olur v\u0259 biz \u00f6z inanclar\u0131m\u0131zda h\u0259r bir kabusun \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259 a\u011f \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259 \u00f6rtm\u0259yi unutmuruq. N\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r des\u0259n, saymaq olar! B\u00fct\u00fcn bu bumbuz d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tl\u0259r adam\u0131n d\u0259risini didm\u0259mi\u015f, yax\u015f\u0131s\u0131 budur, yad\u0131m\u0131za salaq ki, Bibliyada t\u0259svir edildiyi kimi, h\u0259tta Kabuslar Kral\u0131 da y\u0259h\u0259rli a\u011f atda g\u0259zir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, insan\u0131 a\u011f r\u0259ngl\u0259 n\u0259 kimi ali v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 ideyalar ba\u011flasa da, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada he\u00e7 k\u0259s inkar ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z ki, \u00e7ox m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m v\u0259 t\u0259miz g\u00f6rk\u0259md\u0259 olan a\u011fl\u0131q insan q\u0259lbind\u0259 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 qeyri-adi qarabasmalar do\u011furur.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H. Melvilin h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli \u0259s\u0259rininin b\u0259zi m\u00f6vzular\u0131na toxunmaq onu oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Sakit bir g\u00fcnd\u0259, d\u0259rdd\u0259n-q\u0259md\u0259n, qay\u011f\u0131lardan uzaq, d\u0259niz sahilind\u0259 v\u0259 ya ya\u015f\u0131l parklar\u0131n birind\u0259 bu kitab\u0131 oxumaq h\u0259m oxucunu d\u0259niz\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259 psixologiya d\u00fcnyas\u0131na s\u0259yah\u0259t\u0259 aparacaq.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u018fd\u0259biyyat Portal\u0131n\u0131n C\u018fNUB B\u00fcrosunun R\u0259hb\u0259ri “Hubris” q\u0259dim yunan dilind\u0259 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q t\u0259k\u0259bb\u00fcr v\u0259  lov\u011fal\u0131q m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f sad\u0259c\u0259 adi lov\u011fal\u0131q deyil; insan\u0131n \u00f6z imkanlar\u0131n\u0131, statusunu v\u0259 ya g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q \u015fi\u015fird\u0259r\u0259k taley\u0259 meydan oxumas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lahi qanunlara v\u0259 ilahi nizama meydan oxuma\u011f\u0131 m\u0259hz “hubris” sindromuna yaxalananlar bacar\u0131r. Bu, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli bir x\u0259st\u0259likdir. \u0130\u015fin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51529"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51532,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51529\/revisions\/51532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}