{"id":52027,"date":"2026-07-13T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=52027"},"modified":"2026-07-13T16:52:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T12:52:29","slug":"s%c9%99f%c9%99q-nasir-edebiyyatimizin-mirze-feteli-esri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=52027","title":{"rendered":"\u015e\u0259f\u0259q NAS\u0130R.”\u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYATIMIZIN M\u0130RZ\u018f F\u018fT\u018fL\u0130 \u018fSR\u0130”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Filologiya \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, \u201cH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>v\u0259\u00a0R\u0259sul Rza beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fckafatlar\u0131 laureat\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar v\u0259 Jurnalistl\u0259r Birlikl\u0259rinin \u00fczv\u00fc, Prezident t\u0259qa\u00fcd\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan ictimai fikrinin g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n olan filosof, ictimai xadim Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, \u00e7ox\u00e7e\u015fidli yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn parlaq simalar\u0131ndan olmu\u015fdur. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n, teatr\u0131n v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidin banisidir. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li dini-fanatizmin, c\u0259hal\u0259tin, m\u00f6vhumat\u0131n, avaml\u0131q v\u0259 nadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00f6km s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc bir zamanda demokratik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin inti\u015far\u0131 yolunda dindarlar\u0131n, qarag\u00fcruh\u00e7ular\u0131n t\u0259qibl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalsa da, mill\u0259tin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259si u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259sini \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunad\u0259k davam etdirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal\u0131ndan v\u0259 do\u011fmalar\u0131n\u0131n xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259zi m\u0259qamlara n\u0259z\u0259r yetir\u0259nd\u0259 a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131, \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259l\u0259r dolu h\u0259yat ya\u015fayan m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin bir maarif\u00e7i, ictimai xadim, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, t\u0259nqid\u00e7i kimi yeti\u015fm\u0259si yolunda n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 qatla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahid oluruq.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li \u015e\u0259kid\u0259 x\u0131rda ticar\u0259tl\u0259 dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q ed\u0259n Mirz\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ail\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lmi\u015f (1812), iki ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra \u0259sl\u0259n C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Xamn\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259n olan atas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlik yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ail\u0259si il\u0259 Xamn\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0259t\u0259linin anas\u0131 g\u0259li\u015fl\u0259rinin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcr ki, burda \u0259rinin arvad-u\u015faqlar\u0131 var. Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m bu qad\u0131nla bir evd\u0259 dolana bilm\u0259dyind\u0259n onlar daim m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259d\u0259 olurlar. O, bel\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259rind\u0259n rica edir ki, onun tala\u011f\u0131n\u0131 versin, v\u0259t\u0259nin\u0259 qay\u0131tmaq ist\u0259yir. \u018fri onun tala\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verir, amma bildirir ki, F\u0259t\u0259li onun yan\u0131nda qalacaq. Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m etiraz ed\u0259 bilmir, \u00e7\u00fcnki o zaman u\u015faqlar yaln\u0131z ataya m\u0259xsus idil\u0259r. Yola d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k vaxt\u0131 yeti\u015fir, ana o\u011flunu oyatmamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ondan gizlin getm\u0259k ist\u0259yir. D\u0259rin yuxunun i\u00e7ind\u0259 m\u0131\u015f\u0131l-m\u0131\u015f\u0131l yatan balas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011fr\u0131na bas\u0131b g\u00f6z\u00fcya\u015fl\u0131 h\u0259y\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Lakin F\u0259t\u0259linin \u00f6gey bac\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, 9 ya\u015fl\u0131 q\u0131z qa\u00e7araq ev\u0259 girir v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qarda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 at\u0131r: \u201cF\u0259t\u0259li, qalx, anan gedir\u201d, s\u0259n bir d\u0259 onu g\u00f6r\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ks\u0259n, – deyib o\u011flan\u0131 oyad\u0131r. F\u0259t\u0259li qalx\u0131b \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ra-\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ra h\u0259y\u0259t\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131r. D\u0259v\u0259 karvan\u0131 darvazan\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131nda dayan\u0131b, u\u015faq d\u0259v\u0259y\u0259 minm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131rla\u015fan anas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259t\u0259yind\u0259n b\u0259rk-b\u0259rk yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ana-bala bir-birin\u0259 sar\u0131l\u0131b h\u00f6nk\u00fcrt\u00fc il\u0259 a\u011flay\u0131rlar. Bu m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259ni seyr ed\u0259n ev adamlar\u0131 da ana-balan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f-ayr\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259n k\u00f6vr\u0259lib a\u011fla\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu yerd\u0259 atan\u0131n da \u00fcr\u0259yi yum\u015fal\u0131r v\u0259 bundan sonra F\u0259t\u0259linin anas\u0131 il\u0259 getm\u0259sin\u0259 mane olmur…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259yat\u0131 boyu bu hadis\u0259ni tez-tez yad\u0131na salan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li bac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 minn\u0259tdarl\u0131qla xat\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 4 ya\u015fl\u0131 F\u0259t\u0259linin h\u0259yat\u0131nda bu hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259s\u0259ydi, y\u0259qin ki, Az\u0259rbaycan maarifi, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin h\u0259min d\u00f6vr tarixind\u0259 bel\u0259 bir d\u00fcha yeti\u015fm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdi…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nan\u0259 xan\u0131m balaca F\u0259t\u0259lini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb, \u0259misi Axund \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin yan\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k onun himay\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Sonralar b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal\u0131nda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201dM\u0259n bu tarixd\u0259n etibar\u0259n atamdan ayr\u0131l\u0131b bir daha onu g\u00f6rm\u0259dim. Bir ild\u0259n sonra \u00ac\u00acaxund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r m\u0259nim t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259m\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131… Bu axund \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r fazil bir \u015f\u0259xs olub. B\u00fct\u00fcn islam elml\u0259rind\u0259n, ist\u0259r fars, ist\u0259rs\u0259 \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 olsun, kamil m\u0259lumat\u0131 var idi. M\u0259ni \u00f6vladl\u0131\u011fa q\u0259bul etdi. M\u0259n xalq aras\u0131nda Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rin o\u011flu kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldum\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vr\u00fcn ab-havas\u0131n\u0131 duyan axund Hac\u0131 \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259r F\u0259t\u0259lini ruhani etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 apar\u0131r. Burada o, m\u0259ntiq v\u0259 fiqh (\u015f\u0259ri\u0259t h\u00f6kml\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n elm) elml\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nir. Bundan ba\u015fqa Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli filosofu, \u015fairi Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259fi Vazehd\u0259n d\u0259rs alaraq x\u0259ttatl\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259tin\u0259 d\u0259 vaqif olur. M\u00fc\u0259llimi F\u0259t\u0259linin zehnli, bacar\u0131ql\u0131 bir \u015fagird oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n onun dini-fanatizmin girdab\u0131nda m\u0259hv olaca\u011f\u0131na heyfsil\u0259nir. Odur ki, sevimli \u015fagirdini bu yoldan \u00e7\u0259kindirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ona t\u0259sir etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259finin bu g\u0259ncl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, q\u0259fl\u0259td\u0259 olan F\u0259t\u0259linin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na, d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda dostluq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri yaran\u0131r. \u0130ll\u0259r sonra Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 yazacaqd\u0131: \u201cM\u0259n atal\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n buyru\u011fu \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259r g\u00fcn bu \u015f\u0259xsin yan\u0131na gedib m\u0259st\u0259liq yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (h\u00fcsn\u00fcx\u0259tt) m\u0259\u015fqini edirdim. Bel\u0259 ki, get-ged\u0259 m\u0259niml\u0259 bu m\u00f6ht\u0259r\u0259m \u015f\u0259xsin aras\u0131nda \u00fclf\u0259t v\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t hasil oldu. Bir g\u00fcn bu m\u00f6ht\u0259r\u0259m \u015f\u0259xs m\u0259nd\u0259n soru\u015fdu: \u201cMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li, elml\u0259ri t\u0259hsil etm\u0259kd\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259din n\u0259dir?\u201d Cavab verdim ki, ruhani olmaq ist\u0259yir\u0259m. Dedi: \u201dS\u0259n d\u0259 onlar kimi riyakar v\u0259 \u015farlatanm\u0131 olmaq ist\u0259yirs\u0259n?\u201d T\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb v\u0259 heyr\u0259t etdim ki, bu n\u0259 s\u00f6zd\u00fcr. Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259fi m\u0259nim hal\u0131ma bax\u0131b dedi: \u201cMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li, \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 bu qarag\u00fcruhun i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 pu\u00e7 etm\u0259, ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259t q\u0259bul et!\u201d. Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259finin M.F.Axundova t\u0259siri bundan sonra onun maarifp\u0259rv\u0259r ziyal\u0131, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, dramaturq, ictimai xadim kimi yeti\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. M.F.Axundzad\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn qabiliyy\u0259t v\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcasir elml\u0259rin\u0259 maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, bir \u00e7ox \u0259d\u0259biyyat n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin \u2013 rus, \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropa yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6rk\u0259mli tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q yolu v\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259sil\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal\u0131ndan b\u0259llidir ki, o, 1833-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015e\u0259kid\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f rus-tatar m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 bir il t\u0259hsil ald\u0131qdan sonra Tiflis \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 ged\u0259r\u0259k burada Qafqaz cani\u015fininin Ba\u015f d\u0259ft\u0259rxanas\u0131nda m\u00fclki i\u015fl\u0259r sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq dill\u0259ri m\u00fct\u0259rcimi v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259yin olunmu\u015f v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc bu v\u0259zif\u0259d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. 1873-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 ona polkovnik h\u0259rbi r\u00fctb\u0259si verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O, Qafqz\u0131n ba\u015f hakimi Baron Rozenin d\u0259ft\u0259rxanas\u0131nda t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il Tiflis q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 d\u0259rs demi\u015fdir. Burda da mill\u0259tin balalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f d\u00fcnya \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131, m\u0259tbuat\u0131ndan oxudu\u011fu maraql\u0131, yenilik\u00e7i \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259lumatlarla onlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. O, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t d\u0259 Tiflis ruhani seminariyas\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan dili m\u00fc\u0259llimi i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunad\u0259k d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funda u\u011furla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Rusiyan\u0131n orden v\u0259 medallar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130ran d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u0259 ordenl\u0259rin\u0259 layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, Tiflis \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchiti Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259liy\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. O, burada A.Bak\u0131xanov, \u0130.Qutqa\u015f\u0131nl\u0131, M.\u015e.Vazeh, Q.Zakir, A.\u00c7av\u00e7avadze, A. Berje, A.A.Bestujev-Marlinski, A.Sereteli kimi g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259d\u0259bi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r, ictimai-siyasi xadiml\u0259rl\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131qg\u00f6zl\u00fc Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li rus, \u015f\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131, m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131 daim m\u00fctali\u0259 edir. Bunun say\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 ba\u015fqa xalqlar\u0131n inki\u015ff\u0131nda elmin, t\u0259hsilin, teatr\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck rolu oldu\u011funun f\u0259rqin\u0259 var\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mill\u0259tinin avaml\u0131q, qat\u0131 z\u00fclm\u0259t i\u00e7ind\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, haqq\u0131n\u0131, h\u00fcququnu d\u0259rk etm\u0259diyi bir zamanda soyda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li taleyin ona h\u0259val\u0259 etdiyi missiyan\u0131 bir an bel\u0259 unutmadan, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ayd\u0131n t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fc, z\u0259ngin d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc il\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Xalq\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259r\u0259k k\u00f6hn\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259rd\u0259n qurtarmaq ist\u0259yind\u0259 olan \u0259dib ilk olaraq \u0259lifban\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k fikrind\u0259 olur. Bununla o, az bir vaxtda az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n asan oxuyub-yazacaqlar\u0131na, savads\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aradan qalxaca\u011f\u0131na \u0259min idi. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, xalq\u0131n\u0131n taleyind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olacaq bu ist\u0259yin\u0259 nail ola bilmir. \u00c7\u00fcnki, o vaxt\u0131n qaydalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 yeni \u0259lifban\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 osmanl\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130ran h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rinin raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmal\u0131 idi. Lakin dindarlar, qarag\u00fcruh\u00e7ular m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u0259han\u0259l\u0259r g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k onun bu arzusunun h\u0259yata ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 mane olublar. Bundan d\u0259rin sars\u0131nt\u0131 ke\u00e7ir\u0259n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 avam xalq\u0131 q\u0259fl\u0259td\u0259 saxlayan dindarlar\u0131n, m\u00f6vhumat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n prototipini yarad\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycana s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 xalq\u0131n g\u00fcz\u0259ran\u0131 il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f olur, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn material toplay\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00f6vr\u00fcn eyb\u0259c\u0259rliyini, qoluzorlular\u0131n, dindarlar\u0131n fitn\u0259-f\u0259sad\u0131n\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n ac\u0131 taleyini \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin komediyalar\u0131nda \u015e\u0259rq qad\u0131n\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 s\u0259hn\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131bd\u0131r, orada dan\u0131\u015f\u0131bd\u0131r, g\u00fcl\u00fcbd\u00fcr, a\u011flay\u0131bd\u0131r v\u0259 orada birinci d\u0259f\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r i\u00e7ind\u0259 izhari-v\u00fccud el\u0259yibdir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fdib 1850-1855-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur komediyalar\u0131n\u0131 (\u201cHekay\u0259ti-Molla \u0130brahim-X\u0259lil kimyag\u0259r\u201d, \u201cHekay\u0259ti-M\u00fcsy\u00f6 Jordan H\u0259kimi-N\u0259batat v\u0259 D\u0259rvi\u015f M\u0259st\u0259li \u015fah\u201d, \u201cS\u0259rg\u00fcz\u0259\u015fti-v\u0259ziri-xani-L\u0259nk\u0259ran\u201d, \u201cHekay\u0259ti-X\u0131rsi-Quldurbasan\u201d, \u201cS\u0259rg\u00fcz\u0259\u015fti-M\u0259rdi-X\u0259sis\u201d (Hac\u0131 Qara), \u201cM\u00fcrafiy\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259ri\u201d) m\u0259hz \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259ri, h\u0259yat ger\u00e7\u0259klilk\u0259ri z\u0259minind\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259min komediyalar m\u00fc\u0259llifin rus dilin\u0259 \u00f6z t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cKafkaz\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdur. Bu dram \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 o, xalq\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda bir inqilab yaratm\u0131\u015f, Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131 fars \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 t\u0259sirind\u0259n qurtarma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fd\u0259biyyat tarix\u00e7il\u0259rimiz, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rimiz haql\u0131 olaraq XIX \u0259sri Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li \u0259sri adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. M\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259 ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, Avropala\u015fmaq fikri ilk olaraq Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259d\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. O, Avropala\u015fma\u011f\u0131 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259zet-jurnal oxumaqda, teatrlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131, t\u0259r\u0259qqi etm\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu bu yolda yorulmadan m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131na \u201cPu\u015fkinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq poemas\u0131\u201d (1827), \u201cAldanm\u0131\u015f k\u0259vakib\u201d (Hekay\u0259ti-Yusif \u015fah) povesi (1857), \u201cT\u0259hrisi-kitab\u201d (1859), \u201cN\u0259zm v\u0259 n\u0259sr haqq\u0131nda\u201d (1862), \u201cT\u0259nqid risal\u0259si\u201d (1862), \u201cK\u0259mal\u00fcdd\u00f6vl\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131\u201d (1865) kimi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 b\u0259x\u015f etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M.F.Axunzad\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu m\u00f6vhumata, c\u0259hal\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 fars dilind\u0259n ingilis, frans\u0131z v\u0259 alman dill\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Bununla da Avropada Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259dibin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck maraq yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Y.V.\u00c7\u0259m\u0259nz\u0259minli yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201c\u015e\u0259rqin XIX \u0259sr m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rind\u0259n Avropada \u0259n \u00e7ox tan\u0131nan\u0131 he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovdur. Bir \u00e7ox m\u00fcst\u0259\u015friql\u0259r (\u015f\u0259rq\u015f\u00fcnaslar \u2013 \u015e.N.) Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin t\u0259dqiqi v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015flar. \u0130lk \u0259vv\u0259l Mirz\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259rin farscaya t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etdiyi n\u00fcsx\u0259 Avropada, 1859-cu ild\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 bas\u0131lan t\u00fcrkc\u0259 n\u00fcsx\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l m\u0259\u015fhur olmu\u015fdur\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda M.F.Axundzad\u0259nin h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi irsinin t\u0259dqiqin\u0259 ilk olaraq XIX \u0259srin sonu, XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda realizm v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi ideyalar u\u011frunda f\u0259al m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan Firudin b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rli onun h\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat vermi\u015fdir. \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131zda realist \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259kt\u0259bin banisi olan Axundovu \u201cmilli \u0259dibl\u0259rimizin atas\u0131\u201d, \u201cdram yazanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ustadi-kamili\u201d, \u201c\u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n f\u0259xri\u201d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r (Nadir M\u0259mm\u0259dov). Bundan sonra, \u0259sas\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 50-ci ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcnasib\u0259til\u0259 (1928) maarif\u00e7i, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259nqi\u00e7il\u0259r \u2013 H.Z\u0259rdabi, A.\u015eaiq, C.M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259, Y.V.\u00c7\u0259m\u0259nz\u0259minli, S.H\u00fcseyn, C.Cabbarl\u0131, H.Zeynall\u0131, M.Quliyev v\u0259 1938-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq sonrak\u0131 n\u0259sil \u2013 H.H\u00fcseynov, M.Arif, \u018f.Sultanl\u0131, \u018f.\u015e\u0259rif, \u018f.D\u0259mir\u00e7izad\u0259, M.\u0130brahimov, S.Vur\u011fun, M.C\u0259lal, M.R\u0259fili, C.C\u0259f\u0259rov v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 M.F.Axundzad\u0259nin d\u00f6vr\u00fc, h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0259d\u0259bi-n\u0259z\u0259ri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri, \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda t\u0259dqiqi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fc m\u0259tbuatda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259fi Vazehin m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 yeti\u015f\u0259n Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra b\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u0259d\u0259bi n\u0259slin yeti\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 yol a\u00e7d\u0131. S.\u018f.\u015eirvani, H.B.Z\u0259rdabi, N.B.V\u0259zirov, M.\u018f.Sabir,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C.M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259 kimi m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259r Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 qald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 probleml\u0259rin \u2013 c\u0259hal\u0259tin, nadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, m\u0259d\u0259ni geriliyin insan h\u0259yat\u0131nda faci\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 bais oldu\u011funu \u00f6z yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131nda yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259yl\u0259 inki\u015fafa apard\u0131lar. Bu da bir h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir ki, 100 ild\u0259n d\u0259 art\u0131q bir vaxtda \u0259d\u0259biyyat tariximizd\u0259n, onun s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus yeri olan \u0259d\u0259bi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u0259hs olunark\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259dqiqatlara giri\u015f, i\u015fin sonrak\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin istinad\u0131nda t\u0259l\u0259b olunan \u0259n m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 M.F.Axundzad\u0259d\u0259n iqtibas olunur. \u00c7\u00fcnki, \u0259d\u0259biyyat tariximizd\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi-m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 t\u0259nqidi fikrin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir M.F.Axundzad\u0259nin ictimai-\u0259d\u0259bi-n\u0259z\u0259ri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan maarifinin, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n, dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n, teatr\u0131n\u0131n, \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidinin banisi, f\u0259xri Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkiri olaraq ya\u015fayacaq.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Filologiya \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, \u201cH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi\u201d\u00a0v\u0259\u00a0R\u0259sul Rza beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fckafatlar\u0131 laureat\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan Yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar v\u0259 Jurnalistl\u0259r Birlikl\u0259rinin \u00fczv\u00fc, Prezident t\u0259qa\u00fcd\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc. XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan ictimai fikrinin g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n olan filosof, ictimai xadim Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, \u00e7ox\u00e7e\u015fidli yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn parlaq simalar\u0131ndan olmu\u015fdur. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n, teatr\u0131n v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidin banisidir. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li dini-fanatizmin, … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub","latest_post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=52027"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52053,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52027\/revisions\/52053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=52027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=52027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=52027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}