{"id":6273,"date":"2013-10-28T15:17:02","date_gmt":"2013-10-28T15:17:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=6273"},"modified":"2013-11-16T09:36:05","modified_gmt":"2013-11-16T09:36:05","slug":"m%c9%99tbuat-tarixi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=6273","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259tbuat tarixi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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M\u0259tbuat tarixi<\/p>\n

Uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n inzibati v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259rk\u0259zinin Tiflis \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmas\u0131 m\u0259tbuat v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyata da \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bak\u0131da ilk rus q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259d\u0259k Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131na aid faktlar\u0131 Tiflisd\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan rus q\u0259zetl\u0259ri \u0259ks etdirirdi. XIX \u0259srin 20-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq “Tiflisskiye vedomosti”, “Zakavkazski vestnik”, “Kavkaz”, “Novoye obozreniye” v\u0259 ba\u015fqa q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u0259d\u0259bi h\u0259yat\u0131na aid yaz\u0131lar \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yer tuturdu.
\n“Tiflisskiye vedomosti” Qafqazda rus dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan ilk q\u0259zet idi. Bu q\u0259zetd\u0259 dekabristl\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u0131, q\u0259zetin redaktor m\u00fcavini V.D.Suxorukovun 14 dekabr hadis\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259dar olmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar vard\u0131r. Rus-Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259bi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda maraql\u0131 t\u0259dqiqatlar aparan aliml\u0259r “Tiflisskiye vedomosti” q\u0259zeti haqq\u0131nda da yeri g\u0259ldikc\u0259 b\u0259hs etmi\u015fl\u0259r. “Tiflisskiye vedomosti” q\u0259zetinin b\u0259zi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259rk\u0259zi q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259 yenid\u0259n d\u0259rc edilirdi. Bu q\u0259zet 1829-cu ild\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc dilind\u0259, 1830-cu ild\u0259 fars dilind\u0259, 1832-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 d\u0259 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanca q\u0259zetin ad\u0131 “Tiflis \u0259xbar\u0131” idi.
\nXIX \u0259srin II yar\u0131s\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259 ictimai inki\u015faf\u0131 milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259ruri edirdi. Bu z\u0259rur\u0259ti d\u0259rk ed\u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli maarif\u00e7i H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259 olsa da bel\u0259 bir q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259 ala bilmi\u015fdi. Q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015fri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Z\u0259rdabi \u0130stanbuldan x\u00fcsusi \u0259r\u0259b m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 \u015friftl\u0259ri g\u0259tirtm\u0259li olmu\u015f v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, xeyli \u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n sonra 1875-ci ilin 22 iyulunda Bak\u0131da qubernator m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259zetin ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259sinin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 nail ola bilmi\u015fdi. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin n\u0259\u015fril\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulmu\u015fdu. 1875-ci ilin 22 iyulundan 1877-ci ilin 29 sentyabr\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r n\u0259\u015fr edil\u0259n “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 56 say\u0131 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Q\u0259zet ayda iki d\u0259f\u0259 300-400 tirajla n\u0259\u015fr olunub.
\n\u0130lk milli m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131 olan “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00fcn – iyulun 22-si respublikada “M\u0259tbuat G\u00fcn\u00fc” kimi qeyd edilir.
\n“\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetind\u0259 Moskvadan N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov v\u0259 \u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Gorani, \u015eamax\u0131dan Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani v\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dta\u011f\u0131 \u018flizad\u0259 \u015eirvani, D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259n Heyd\u0259ri v\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259n Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r yaz\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0259rc olunurdu.
\n1877-1878-ci ill\u0259r Rus-T\u00fcrk m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flanan zaman arxa c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259 “t\u00fcrk-tatar” dilind\u0259 q\u0259zetin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fundan ehtiyat ed\u0259n Rusiya h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259tinin g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 1877-ci ilin sentyabr\u0131n 29-da “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 r\u0259sm\u0259n xitam verilmi\u015fdi. Bundan sonra “Ziya”, “K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl” q\u0259zetl\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc.
\n“K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl”, “\u018fkin\u00e7i” il\u0259 “Ziya” aras\u0131nda orta bir m\u00f6vqe tutmu\u015fdu, lakin “\u018fkin\u00e7i” y\u0259 daha art\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 meyli hiss edilir. Ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcurunda “Az\u0259rbaycan mill\u0259ti” m\u0259fhumunun oyanmas\u0131 “K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl” d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edirdi. Onlar ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r ki, “din” v\u0259 “mill\u0259t” m\u0259fhumlar\u0131 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 \u015feyl\u0259rdir. “K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl” q\u0259zeti \u00f6z s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f v\u0259 ictimai-siyasi \u015f\u00fcurun inki\u015faf\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etmi\u015fdir. “K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl” Az\u0259rbaycan mill\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa mill\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 dostluq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rini m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259tm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda da m\u00fcsb\u0259t s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131yan m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r verirdi. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin bir \u00e7oxu m\u00f6vzusu , ideya istiqam\u0259ti, dili v\u0259 \u00fcslubu, ehtirasl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi.
\n1870-ci ild\u0259n 1889-cu il\u0259d\u0259k Qafqazda 56 m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bunun 20-si rus dilind\u0259, 15-i g\u00fcrc\u00fc dilind\u0259, 15-i erm\u0259ni dilind\u0259, 3-\u00fc Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 idi. \u018fg\u0259r ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 elmi c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, idar\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n r\u0259smi n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rini d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, h\u0259min r\u0259q\u0259m 69-a \u00e7atar. H\u0259min m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7oxunun \u00f6mr\u00fc lap az olmu\u015fdur. C\u0259mi 23 m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131 5 ild\u0259n yuxar\u0131 ya\u015faya bilmi\u015fdir. Bunlardan rus n\u0259\u015frl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lard\u0131r: “Qafqaz”, “Tiflisski vestnik”, “Tiflisskiye obyavleniya”, (“Tiflisski listok”), “Kaspi”, “Yuridi\u00e7eskoe obozrenie”, “Bakinskiye izvestiya”, (“Bakinski torqovo-prom\u0131\u015flenn\u0131 listok”) v\u0259 “Severn\u0131 Kavkaz”.
\nBak\u0131da rus dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan q\u0259zetl\u0259r ideya – siyasi n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n Qafqaz\u0131n dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan rus q\u0259zetl\u0259ri il\u0259 bir c\u0259rg\u0259d\u0259 gedirdi. Az\u0259rbaycanda \u00e7\u0131xan ilk rus q\u0259zeti “Bakinski listok” hesab edilir. Q\u0259zetin redaktoru Bak\u0131 real gimnaziyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi Xristian Sink idi. Q\u0259zetin ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259si 1871-ci ilin mart\u0131n 19-da (6-da) \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f, iyun ay\u0131nda ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1872-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015fri yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa olunmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min il iyunun 3-d\u0259k davam etmi\u015fdir.
\n1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Bak\u0131da rus dilind\u0259 ikinci bir q\u0259zet “Bakinskiye izvestiya” n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu q\u0259zet quberniya idar\u0259sinin r\u0259smi orqan\u0131 idi v\u0259 general – qubernator D.S. Staroselskinin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Staroselski 1875-ci ild\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 d\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etmi\u015fdi. Onun “Bakinskiye izvestiya” q\u0259zetini \u00e7\u0131xarmaqda m\u0259qs\u0259di Bak\u0131 quberniyas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda oxuculara geni\u015f m\u0259lumat verm\u0259k idi. O, h\u0259l\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xmazdan xeyli \u0259vv\u0259l quberniya idar\u0259sinin n\u0259zdind\u0259 m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131, \u00e7ap\u00e7\u0131lar d\u0259v\u0259t etmi\u015fdi. 1888-ci ild\u0259n sonra q\u0259zet “Bakinski torqovo – prom\u0131\u015flenn\u0131 listok” ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n1894-c\u00fc ilin yanvar\u0131ndan “Bakinskiye qubernskiye vedomosti” adl\u0131 r\u0259smi d\u00f6vl\u0259t q\u0259zeti d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Q\u0259zet teleqram v\u0259 elanlar\u0131 olan \u0259lav\u0259si il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. Bu teleqram v\u0259 elanlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 burax\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Q\u0259zet 1916-c\u0131 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nAdlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n bu q\u0259zetl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131nda r\u0259smi x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r, q\u0259rarlar, elanlar v\u0259 teleqramlar geni\u015f yer tuturdu. Bak\u0131da rus dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan burjua q\u0259zetl\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 “Kaspi” q\u0259zeti daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131 n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259ks etdirmi\u015fdir. Q\u0259zetin 1881-ci ild\u0259n 1919-cu il\u0259d\u0259k m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 10 min 65 n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n“K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl” q\u0259zeti ba\u011fland\u0131qdan sonra Tiflisd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131 yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs olmu\u015fdur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, M\u0259mm\u0259da\u011fa \u015eahtaxtinski 1896-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 “Tiflis” adl\u0131, Kamal \u00dcnsizad\u0259 is\u0259 1900-c\u00fc ild\u0259 “Dani\u015f” adl\u0131 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarmaq ist\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r. Lakin onlar\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc fayda verm\u0259mi\u015fdir.
\nM.\u015eahtaxtinskinin “\u015e\u0259rqi – rus” adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259zetin birinci n\u00f6mr\u0259si 1903-c\u00fc il mart\u0131n 30-da \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r o, h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 burax\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. 1904-c\u00fc il iyunun 8-d\u0259n etibar\u0259n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik q\u0259zet\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. “\u015e\u0259rqi – rus” q\u0259zeti XX \u0259srin ilk Az\u0259rbaycan q\u0259zetidir, h\u0259m d\u0259 ilk g\u00fcnd\u0259lik Az\u0259rbaycan q\u0259zetidir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n q\u00fcrurverici tarixi n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 ideyalar\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 \u00fcsullar\u0131 he\u00e7 vaxt k\u00f6hn\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259n “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131d\u0131r. Jurnal\u0131n redaktoru Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lilin \u0259sas qay\u0259si mill\u0259ti m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyaya uy\u011fun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259k idi. “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” bu amallar u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 fonunda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Jurnal\u0131n ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259si 1906-c\u0131 il aprelin 7-d\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Jurnal\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00f6v bir mill\u0259tin ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan oyunlar\u0131n, \u0259zab-\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, haqs\u0131zl\u0131qlar\u0131n satirik ifad\u0259si idi.
\nJurnal\u0131n birinci n\u00f6mr\u0259si 1.000 n\u00fcsx\u0259 tirajla \u00e7ap olunub yay\u0131landan sonra az m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” ad\u0131 dill\u0259rd\u0259 g\u0259zm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 jurnal\u0131n 2-ci n\u00f6mr\u0259si 2.000 n\u00fcsx\u0259 tirajla \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131.
\nC.M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259 senzor t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n jurnalda n\u0259\u015fr olunmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259y\u0259n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rin v\u0259 ya materiallar\u0131n yerini a\u011f saxlay\u0131r v\u0259 yaxud “Bizd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bu yer a\u011f qald\u0131” dey\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131.
\n“Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”in c\u0259sar\u0259tli \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131 onunla n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi ki, 1907-ci il iyunun 8-d\u0259 Tiflis general-qubernatoru jurnal\u0131n ba\u011flanmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda \u0259mr verdi. Bu hadis\u0259 xalq\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Bak\u0131dan, \u015e\u0259kid\u0259n, Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n bir s\u0131ra ba\u015fqa yerl\u0259rind\u0259n Tiflis\u0259 jurnal\u0131n n\u0259\u015frinin b\u0259rpas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n m\u0259ktublar g\u0259lirdi.
\nQ\u0131sa fasil\u0259d\u0259n sonra jurnal\u0131n 23-c\u00fc n\u00f6mr\u0259si iyulun 25-d\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. 1908-1909-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flama\u011fa t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r edilmi\u015fdir.
\n1920-ci ild\u0259 C.M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259 \u00f6z ail\u0259si il\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcb C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycana getmi\u015fdir. 1921-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda o, jurnal\u0131n n\u0259\u015frini T\u0259brizd\u0259 yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa etmi\u015fdir. T\u0259brizd\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n 8 n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”in n\u0259\u015fri 1922-ci ilin noyabr\u0131nda Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 jurnal 1931-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r burada \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Jurnal\u0131n sonuncu n\u00f6mr\u0259si 1931-ci il yanvar\u0131n 7-d\u0259 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”in Tiflisd\u0259 370 n\u00f6mr\u0259si, T\u0259brizd\u0259 8 n\u00f6mr\u0259si v\u0259 Sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulduqdan sonra Bak\u0131da 398 n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n“Mola N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” \u00e7ap edilib yay\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra onun t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda Qafqazda, Orta Asiyada, Volqa-boyunda, \u0130randa v\u0259 \u0130ran Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131nda, Da\u011f\u0131standa v\u0259 ba\u015fqa yerl\u0259rd\u0259 bir s\u0131ra satirik v\u0259 yumoristik jurnallar \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu jurnallar\u0131n bir \u00e7oxu “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”in layiqli ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131 olmu\u015f, inqilabi-demokratik ideyalar\u0131 yaym\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. B\u0259zi satirik jurnallar is\u0259 liberal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n ir\u0259li getm\u0259mi\u015f, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n1911-ci il noyabr\u0131n 29-dan Bak\u0131da “M\u0259kt\u0259b” adl\u0131 yeni bir u\u015faq jurnal\u0131 n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. (Bu haqda bax: u\u015faq m\u0259tbuat\u0131)
\n1920-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda Sovet Hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulduqdan sonra 1921-ci ild\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 ba\u015flayan “Maarif” (c\u0259mi 2 n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r) v\u0259 “Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f” (sonra “Q\u0131z\u0131l cavanl\u0131q”), 1923-c\u00fc ild\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan “G\u0259nc pioner”, 1927-ci ild\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan “Pioner” jurnallar\u0131, “Az\u0259rbaycan pioneri” q\u0259zeti v\u0259 s. m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 yeni n\u0259slin t\u0259rbiy\u0259 olunmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

M\u0259tbuat\u0131n sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fc
\n1919-cu ild\u0259 20-d\u0259n \u00e7ox bol\u015fevik q\u0259zeti n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur. Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 “Bak\u0131 F\u0259hl\u0259 Konfrans\u0131n\u0131n \u018fxbar\u0131”, “Az\u0259rbaycan g\u0259ncl\u0259ri”, “H\u00fcrriyy\u0259t”,”Haqq”, “F\u00fcq\u0259ra s\u0259das\u0131”, “Z\u0259hm\u0259t s\u0259das\u0131”, “Oktyabr inqilab\u0131”, “G\u0259nc i\u015f\u00e7i”, “Az\u0259rbaycan f\u00fcq\u0259ras\u0131”, rus dilind\u0259 “Nabat”, “Molot”, “Proletari”, “Rabo\u00e7i put”, “Qolos truda”, “Bednota”, “Molodoy rabo\u00e7i”, “Nov\u0131 mir”, v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan bol\u015fevikl\u0259rinin n\u0259\u015fr etdikl\u0259ri q\u0259zetl\u0259r idi. Do\u011frudur, bu q\u0259zetl\u0259rin \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00e7ox az olmu\u015f, b\u0259zil\u0259rinin c\u0259mi bir v\u0259 ya bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. “Kommunist” q\u0259zeti “H\u00fcmm\u0259t”, “Qo\u00e7-D\u0259v\u0259t”, “T\u0259kam\u00fcl”, “Yolda\u015f”, “H\u00fcmm\u0259t” (1917-1918-ci il-l\u0259r), “Bak\u0131 \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n \u018fxbar\u0131” kimi bol\u015fevik q\u0259zetl\u0259rinin davam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olaraq meydana at\u0131ld\u0131.
\n“Kommunist” 1919-cu il avqustun 29-da h\u0259yata g\u0259ldi. Az\u0259rbaycan bol\u015fevikl\u0259ri “Kommunist”i h\u00f6kum\u0259t orqanlar\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259rsiz, gizli buraxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. “Kommunist” in 1919-cu il gizli \u00e7\u0131xan n\u00f6mr\u0259sini Ruhulla Axundov redakt\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycanda Sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulduqdan sonra 1920-ci il aprelin 30-da \u018fliheyd\u0259r Qarayevin redaktorlu\u011fu il\u0259”Kommunist” leqal \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6z n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nAz\u0259rbaycanda sovet hakimiyy\u0259tinin ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 “Kommunist” v\u0259 “Bakinski rabo\u00e7i” q\u0259zetl\u0259rinin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259zalardan tez-tez materiallar d\u0259rc olunurdu. 1923-c\u00fc il iyunun 16-da Bak\u0131da “K\u0259nd\u00e7i q\u0259zet\u0259si”nin birinci n\u00f6mr\u0259si \u00e7apdan \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan Kommunist (bol\u015fevikl\u0259r) Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Komit\u0259si (KPMK) 1923-c\u00fc il iyulun 2-d\u0259 Bak\u0131da \u015e\u0259rq qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ictimai-siyasi h\u0259yata al\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 ayl\u0131q, \u0259d\u0259bi, ictimai v\u0259 siyasi jurnal olan “\u015e\u0259rq qad\u0131n\u0131”n\u0131n n\u0259\u015fr olunmas\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259rara ald\u0131. “\u015e\u0259rq qad\u0131n\u0131”jurnal\u0131n\u0131n 1-ci n\u00f6mr\u0259si 1923-c\u00fc ilin noyabr\u0131nda 40 s\u0259hif\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t 1000 n\u00fcsx\u0259 tirajla \u00e7apdan \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Jurnal\u0131n ilk redaktoru Ayna Sultanova olmu\u015fdur. 1938-ci ild\u0259n “\u015e\u0259rq qad\u0131n\u0131”, “Az\u0259rbaycan qad\u0131n\u0131” ad\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b.
\n1926-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r komsomol t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n konfrans\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Konfrans\u0131n ke\u00e7irildiyi g\u00fcn bir d\u0259st\u0259 f\u0259al m\u0259kt\u0259bli \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 “Pioner”s\u00f6z\u00fc yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 28 s\u0259hif\u0259lik jurnal haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. U\u015faqlar\u0131n x\u0259tti il\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f c\u0259mi 50 n\u00fcsx\u0259 jurnal konfrans i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox xo\u015funa g\u0259ldi.H\u0259min n\u00fcsx\u0259l\u0259r “Pioner” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n ilk qaranqu\u015fu oldu. Aradan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259n sonra, y\u0259ni, 1927-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda “Pioner” jurnal\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259vi tirajla \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n1934-c\u00fc il sentyabr\u0131n 2-d\u0259 “Kommunist maarifi” q\u0259zeti n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. 1938-ci ild\u0259 ad\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k “M\u00fc\u0259llim q\u0259zeti” adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Q\u0259zet 1941-ci ilin iyununad\u0259k bu adla n\u0259\u015fr olundu. 1946-c\u0131 ilin aprelind\u0259n “Az\u0259rbaycan m\u00fc\u0259llimi” ad\u0131 il\u0259 yenid\u0259n n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 ba\u015flayan q\u0259zet sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 bu adla ya\u015fad\u0131.
\n\u0130dman m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck tarix\u0259 malik n\u0259\u015fri olan “\u0130dman” q\u0259zeti h\u0259m d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n qocamanlar\u0131ndan biri say\u0131l\u0131r. 1932 – ci ild\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 “Az\u0259rbaycan b\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259rbiy\u0259\u00e7isi” (“Fizkulturnik Azerbaydjana”) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f “\u0130dman” q\u0259zetinin art\u0131q 70 – d\u0259n \u00e7ox ya\u015f\u0131 var.
\nSonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 “\u018fd\u0259biyyat” (1933)”, Az\u0259rbaycan pioneri” (1938), “Kirpi” jurnal\u0131 (1952), “Bak\u0131 ” (1958) v\u0259 s. q\u0259zetl\u0259ri meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir.
\nSovet dovr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 rayonlarda n\u0259\u015fr olunan q\u0259zetl\u0259r: Bak\u0131 – “Bak\u0131”, “Baku”; G\u0259nc\u0259 – “Kirovabad kommunisti”; Nax\u00e7\u0131van – “Sovet Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131”; Xank\u0259ndi – “Sovetskiy Karabax”; Ming\u0259\u00e7evir – “Ming\u0259\u00e7evir i\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131”, “Oqni Minqe\u00e7evira”; Sumqay\u0131t – “Sosialist Sumqay\u0131t\u0131”, “Kommunist Sumqaita”; A\u011fcab\u0259di – “S\u00fcr\u0259t”; A\u011fdam – “Lenin yolu”, “A\u011fdam”; Astara – “Sovet Astaras\u0131”; Ab\u015feron – “Ab\u015feron”; A\u011fda\u015f – “\u018fm\u0259k”; A\u011fsu – “Birlik”; \u018fli Bayraml\u0131 – “\u0130\u015f\u0131q”, Mayak”; B\u0259rd\u0259 – “Kommunizm yolu”; Balak\u0259n – “\u015e\u0259n h\u0259yat”; O\u011fuz – “Lenin bayra\u011f\u0131”; G\u00f6y\u00e7ay – “Yeni h\u0259yat”; Da\u015fk\u0259s\u0259n – “Da\u015fk\u0259s\u0259n”; C\u0259lilabad – “Yeni g\u00fcn”; C\u0259bray\u0131l – “Kolxoz\u00e7u”; D\u0259v\u0259\u00e7i – “Qurucu”; Culfa – “Z\u0259f\u0259r”; Yevlax – “T\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs”; Beyl\u0259qan – “Y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015f”; Zaqatala – “Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bayraq”; Z\u0259ngilan – “K\u0259nd h\u0259yat\u0131”; Z\u0259rdab – “Pamb\u0131q\u00e7\u0131”; \u015e\u0259rur – “\u0130\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 yol”; \u0130smay\u0131ll\u0131 -“Z\u0259hm\u0259tke\u015f”; \u0130mi\u015fli – “Q\u0131z\u0131l ulduz”; Qazax – “Qalibiyy\u0259t bayra\u011f\u0131”; G\u0259d\u0259b\u0259y – “T\u0259r\u0259qqi”; Goranboy – “M\u00fcbariz”; Qax – “\u015e\u0259lal\u0259”; K\u0259lb\u0259c\u0259r – “Yenilik”; Quba – “\u015e\u0259f\u0259q”; Qubadl\u0131 – “Avanqard”; Qusar – ” Q\u0131z\u0131l Qusar”; Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259 – ” Qalibiyy\u0259t”; K\u00fcrd\u0259mir – “\u0130r\u0259li”; La\u00e7\u0131n – “La\u00e7\u0131n”; L\u0259nk\u0259ran – “Lenin\u00e7i”; Lerik – “Bolluq u\u011frunda”; Masall\u0131 – “\u00c7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f”; T\u0259rt\u0259r – “Q\u0131z\u0131l bayraq”; Neft\u00e7ala – “Oktyabr bayra\u011f\u0131”; Ordubad – “Yeni Ordubad”; Bil\u0259suvar – ” M\u0259hsul”; Sabirabad – “Mu\u011fan”; Saatl\u0131 – “D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f”; Salyan – “Q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259”; Tovuz – “H\u0259qiq\u0259t”; Ucar – “Yeni s\u00f6z”; F\u00fczuli – “Araz”; Xa\u00e7maz – “Dostluq”; Xanlar – “Kommunist \u0259m\u0259yi”; \u015e\u0259mkir – “Ulduz”; \u015e\u0259ki – “\u015e\u0259ki f\u0259hl\u0259si”; \u015eamax\u0131 – “Yeni \u015eirvan”, “Nov\u0131y \u015eirvan”; \u015eu\u015fa – “\u015eu\u015fa”; \u015eahbuz – “Qabaqc\u0131l”; Yard\u0131ml\u0131 – “Yeni k\u0259nd”; Bab\u0259k – “\u018fm\u0259k bayra\u011f\u0131” v\u0259 s.
\nB\u0259zi q\u0259zetl\u0259rina adlar\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir m\u0259tbuat<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn Sovet Sosialist Respublikas\u0131 \u0130ttifaq\u0131nda (SSR\u0130) ba\u015flayan yenid\u0259nqurma havas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycana da \u00e7atd\u0131 v\u0259 ictimai m\u00fchit\u0259 k\u0259skin t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Mill\u0259tin dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fc kimi tarixd\u0259 qalan 1989-cu ild\u0259 “Az\u0259rbaycan” q\u0259zeti yarad\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00fcst\u0259qil m\u0259tbuat\u0131n qaranqu\u015fu hesab edil\u0259n “Azadl\u0131q” q\u0259zeti d\u0259 1989-cu ilin 24 dekabr tarixind\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcb. Q\u0259zet\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f jurnalist N\u0259c\u0259f N\u0259c\u0259fov r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edib.
\n1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259 “Zerkalo”, “S\u0259s”, 1991-92-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 “Yeni M\u00fcsavat”, “\u0130ki Sahil”, “525-ci q\u0259zet”, “Yeni Az\u0259rbaycan” q\u0259zetl\u0259ri n\u0259\u015fr olunma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n1998-ci ilin avqust ay\u0131n\u0131n 6-da prezident Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 x\u00fcsusi S\u0259r\u0259ncamla Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259tbuat \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n senzura g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, 1999-cu ild\u0259 K\u00fctl\u0259vi \u0130nformasiya Vasit\u0259l\u0259ri (K\u0130V) haqq\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qanununun (ARQ), dig\u0259r h\u00fcquqi-normativ aktlar\u0131n q\u0259bulu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilib.
\nPrezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin 31 iyul 2008-ci il tarixli S\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 “Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda K\u00fctl\u0259vi \u0130nformasiya Vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin (K\u0130V) inki\u015faf\u0131na D\u00f6vl\u0259t D\u0259st\u0259yi Konsepsiyas\u0131 (DDK) kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm bir s\u0259n\u0259d t\u0259sdiq olunmu\u015fdur. Konsepsiyaya uy\u011fun olaraq 22 may 2009-cu ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti yan\u0131nda K\u00fctl\u0259vi \u0130nformasiya Vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131na D\u00f6vl\u0259t D\u0259st\u0259yi Fondu (DDF) yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nHaz\u0131rda \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 4500-\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u0259tbuat orqan \u018fdliyy\u0259 Nazirliyind\u0259 (\u018fN) qeydiyyatdan ke\u00e7ib.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u0259tbuat tarixi Uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n inzibati v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259rk\u0259zinin Tiflis \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmas\u0131 m\u0259tbuat v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyata da \u00f6z t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bak\u0131da ilk rus q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259d\u0259k Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131na aid faktlar\u0131 Tiflisd\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan rus q\u0259zetl\u0259ri \u0259ks etdirirdi. XIX \u0259srin 20-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq “Tiflisskiye vedomosti”, “Zakavkazski vestnik”, “Kavkaz”, “Novoye obozreniye” v\u0259 ba\u015fqa q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pub"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6273"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6286,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6273\/revisions\/6286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}