{"id":6444,"date":"2013-11-10T05:44:04","date_gmt":"2013-11-10T05:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=6444"},"modified":"2013-11-16T09:35:29","modified_gmt":"2013-11-16T09:35:29","slug":"bugun-ulu-onderimiz-mustafa-kemal-ataturkun-anim-gunudur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/?p=6444","title":{"rendered":"Bug\u00fcn Ulu \u00f6nderimiz Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn an\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"mustafa-kemal-ankara-1928\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir vilayet olan Selanik’te do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi, annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m’d\u0131r. Babas\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta kaybettikten sonra ilkokulu Selanik’te \u015eemsi Efendi Mektebi (\u0130lkokul)’nde okudu. \u00d6\u011frenimini Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi(ortaokul) ve Manast\u0131r Askeri \u0130dadisi(Lise)’nde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1899’da girdi\u011fi \u0130stanbul Harbiye Mektebi’ni 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyade te\u011fmeni r\u00fctbesiyle, Harp Akademisi’ni de 1905’te kurmay y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiye bitirdi.
\nMustafa Kemal, 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015em’da 5. Ordu’da, 1907’de Makedonya’daki 3. Ordu’da g\u00f6revlendirildi. Manast\u0131r ve Selanik’te g\u00f6revli iken 1909’da \u0130stanbul’daki (31 Mart Vak’as\u0131) ayaklanmay\u0131 bast\u0131ran Hareket Ordusu’nda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131 ve ayaklanma ba\u015far\u0131yla k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Arnavutluk isyan\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rma harekat\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1911’de \u0130talya’n\u0131n Trablusgarp’a asker \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Tobruk’a g\u00f6nderildi. Tobruk ve Derne’de T\u00fcrk Kuvvetlerini ba\u015far\u0131 ile y\u00f6nettikten sonra binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle 1912-1913 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131; Edirne’yi Bulgaristan’dan geri alan kolorduda g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. 1913-1915 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sofya’da ata\u015fe olarak bulundu. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda, 1915’te, 19. T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 olarak \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Gelibolu’da d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 ile durdurdu; “Anafartalar Kahraman\u0131” olarak \u00fcn kazand\u0131.
\n1916’da Do\u011fu Cephesi’ne Kolordu Komutan\u0131 olarak atand\u0131 ve generalli\u011fe y\u00fckseltildi. Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 durduran Mustafa Kemal, Bing\u00f6l ve Mu\u015f’u d\u00fc\u015fmandan geri ald\u0131. 1917’de Filistin ve Suriye’de g\u00f6revli 7. Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na atand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Veliaht Vahdettin ile Almanya’ya gitti.
\nAlman Genel Karargah\u0131 ve Alman sava\u015f cephelerinde incelemeler yapt\u0131. 1918’de yeniden g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fi Suriye cephesinde 7. Ordu Komutan\u0131 iken, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sona ermesiyle imzalanan Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan sonra \u0130stanbul’a geldi. \u00dclkeyi d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtarmak amac\u0131n\u0131 gizli tutarak, Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi g\u00f6revi ile \u0130stanbul’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.
\nKaradeniz yoluyla 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kan Mustafa Kemal, 22 Haziran 1919’da Amasya Genelgesi’ni yay\u0131mlad\u0131. T\u00fcrk milletine, “Vatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve milletin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehlikede oldu\u011funu, azim ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla vatan\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Sivas’ta bir kongre toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131” bildirdi. Ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00c3\u00bbmeti’nin verdi\u011fi g\u00f6revden ve askerlikten istifa ederek 23 Temmuz 1919’da Erzurum’da, 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1919’da Sivas’ta toplanan kongrelerin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.
\nBu kongrelerde, “D\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 milletin vatan\u0131 savunaca\u011f\u0131, bu ama\u00e7la ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00c3\u00bbmetin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 ve bir milli meclisin toplanaca\u011f\u0131, manda ve himayenin kabul edilmeyece\u011fi” kararlar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, onun \u00e7abalar\u0131yla 23 Nisan 1920’de Ankara’da tarihi g\u00f6revine ba\u015flad\u0131; Mustafa Kemal, Meclis ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda imzalanan Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 T\u00fcrk milletinin kabul etmedi\u011fini d\u00fcnyaya duyurdu.
\n\u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u0130zmir’i i\u015fgal eden Yunan Kuvvetlerinin ilerlemesi 1921’de Birinci ve \u0130kinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc sava\u015flar\u0131yla durduruldu. 23 A\u011fustos 1921’de yeniden sald\u0131ran Yunan Ordusu bozguna u\u011frat\u0131larak Ba\u015fkomutan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi T\u00fcrk Ordusu Sakarya Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 zaferle sonu\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131. 22 g\u00fcn geceli g\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc s\u00fcren bu sava\u015fta Yunan Ordusu a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plara u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu zafer nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal’e a\u20ac\u02dcMare\u015fal’ r\u00fctbesi ve ‘Gazi’ unvan\u0131 verildi. T\u00fcrk Ordusu, vatan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtarmak i\u00e7in 26 A\u011fustos 1922’de kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ba\u015flad\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi Ba\u015fkomutan Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131’nda (30 A\u011fustos 1922) T\u00fcrk Ordusu Yunan Ordusu’nun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yok etti. Bozguna u\u011frayarak ka\u00e7an d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerini izleyen T\u00fcrk Ordusu 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922’de \u0130zmir’e girdi. 11 Ekim 1922’de Mudanya Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131 ve \u0130tilaf Devletleri i\u015fgal ettikleri T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildiler.
\nKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan TBMM taraf\u0131ndan 29 Ekim 1923 g\u00fcn\u00fc Cumhuriyet ilan edilirken, Mustafa Kemal de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. 1938’deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dek arka arkaya 4 kez cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen Atat\u00fcrk, bu g\u00f6revi en uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcr\u00fcten cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.
\nMustafa Kemal’e, 24.11.1934 g\u00fcnl\u00fc, 2587 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla Atat\u00fcrk soyad\u0131 verildi ve bu soyad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131.
\nMustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Bunal\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n etkilerini hafifletmek ve \u00fclkenin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak amac\u0131 ile 1933’te Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Sanayi Plan\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u0131\u015f politikada da \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131; Milletler Cemiyeti’ne girilmesi (1932), Balkan Antant\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 (1934), Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (1936) ve Sadabat Pakt\u0131 (1937) gibi giri\u015fimler T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00f6lgesinde ve d\u00fcnyada etkili bir akt\u00f6r olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu. Atat\u00fcrk, Hatay’\u0131n anavatana kat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir diplomatik \u00e7aba sarf etti ve onun bu amac\u0131, vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.
\nAtat\u00fcrk, yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk milletinin Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 ile y\u00f6neten bir komutan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi devrimler ile de dahi bir devlet adam\u0131 idi. 57 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda, milletinin ve vatan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mutlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u0131lmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve girdi\u011fi her m\u00fccadeleden zaferle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\nT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu, cesur ve unutulmaz \u00f6nderi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 10 Kas\u0131m 1938’de aram\u0131zdan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mustafa Kemal, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir vilayet olan Selanik’te do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi, annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m’d\u0131r. Babas\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta kaybettikten sonra ilkokulu Selanik’te \u015eemsi Efendi Mektebi (\u0130lkokul)’nde okudu. \u00d6\u011frenimini Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi(ortaokul) ve Manast\u0131r Askeri \u0130dadisi(Lise)’nde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1899’da girdi\u011fi \u0130stanbul Harbiye Mektebi’ni 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyade te\u011fmeni r\u00fctbesiyle, Harp Akademisi’ni de 1905’te kurmay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkiy-dbiyyati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6444"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6446,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6444\/revisions\/6446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edebiyyat-az.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}